The document discusses the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta that lasted 27 years from 432 to 404 BC. The war was caused because Athens spent money that angered Sparta. During the war, Athens allied with other city-states like Persia, Marathon, Macedonia, and Rome against Sparta and Greece. The Parthenon temple in Athens was constructed between 447 and 432 BC as a tribute to the gods for Athens' victory over Persia, but was later used by the Turks as a gunpowder warehouse in 1687.