Lecture Slides, NVCC, His 101 070M, Fall 2019

1. The Roman Republic
Week 9

2. Homework
• Textbook: Ch 6
• Midterm: 11/2
• Discussion: 11/7
• Canvas Quiz: 11/10
• Intro Video:
https://youtu.be/cZx7Rr
3iVvc?t=307
“Lady Playing the Cithara,” Pompeii, 1st C. BC

3. Overview
• c. 800 BC – AD 100
• Geography
• Early Rome
• Etruscans
• The Roman
Republic
• Expansion
• The 1st Triumvirate
• Julius Caesar
• The 2nd Triumvirate
The Roman Forum

4. Roman Priest, 2nd – 3rd Century AD

5. Pomona,
Edward Burne-Jones,
c. AD 1900

6. Origins of Rome
• Location & Geography
– Italy
– Mediterranean Sea
– Tiber River
– Seven Hills
– Neighbors
• Latins
– Latin Right
• Romulus and Remus, 753 BC
• Etruscans
– Tarquin the Proud Funeral Hut Urn, 9th C. BC, Lazio, Italy

7. The Italian Peninsula

8. Rome

9. The Capitoline Wolf Suckling Romulus and
Remus, Central Italian, AD late 15th or 16th C.

10. Etruscan Art
Tomb of the Leopards,
c. 480 BC, Tarquinia
Tomb of Hunting and Fishing,
c. 520 BC, Tarquinia

11. Tarquin and
Lucretia,
c. AD 1700,
Crespi

12. The Roman Republic, c. 509 BC
• “res publica”
• Imperium
• Ladder of Offices
– Quaestor
– Aedile
– Praetor
– Consul
– Censor
• Senate
• SPQR
• Dictator Lictors with Fasces

13. The Legend of Cincinnatus
Juan Antonio Ribera, c. 1806

14. Who is this?
• George Washington
by Horatio Greenough,
1840

15. Roman Society
• Classes
– Patricians
– Plebeians
• Values
– Mos Maiorum
– Pietas
• Family Life
– Pater familias
• Patria Potestas
– Women
• Religion
– Lares familiares
– Pontifex Maximus
– Vestal Virgins
Roman Aristocrat, c. 1st C. BC

16. Struggle of the Orders
• Roman military system
• Tribune, 494 BC
• Plebeian Assembly, 471
BC
• 12 Tables, 450 BC
• Canulean Law, 445 BC
• Consulship, 367 BC
• Hortensian Law, 287 BC

17. Rome Expands
• 392 BC, Veii
• 387 BC, Gauls
• 338 BC, Latins
• 280 BC, Samnites
• c. 265 BC, Italy
• Italian allies
• Citizens
• Colonies
• Why?

18. Punic Wars
• Carthage
– Phoenician
• 1st Punic War, 264-241 BC
• 2nd Punic War, 218-202 BC
– Hannibal Barca (247-183
BC)
– Saguntum
– 216 BC, Battle of Cannae
• 3rd Punic War, 149-146 BC
– Cato the Elder
• Hellenistic East

19. 2nd Punic War (218-202 BC)
Hannibal, 1st C. BC

20. Changes in Roman Society
• Proconsul
• Economy
• Military
• Latifundia
• Landless peasants
• New classes:
– Nobiles
– Equestrians Roman Conquests, 264–133 B.C.

21. Reform
• Optimates and Populares
• Tiberius Gracchus (163-133
BC)
– Tribune 133-132 BC
• Gaius Gracchus (154-121
BC)
– Tribune, 122 BC
– Martial Law
Gracchi Brothers,
Eugene Guillaume, 1853

22. Civil War
• Marius (157-86 BC)
– Military Reforms
– Consul
• The Social War
(91 – 88 BC)
• Mithridatic Wars
(88 – 81 BC)
• Sulla (138-78 BC)
– Dictator, 83 BC
• Roman Constitution
Jacques-Louis David, Oath of the
Horatii, 1784

23. Late Republican Roman Territory

24. 1st Triumvirate, 62-53 BC
• Third Servile War
(73-71 BC)
• Triumvirs
– Pompey the Great (106-48
BC)
– Crassus (115-53 BC)
– Julius Caesar (100-44 BC)
• Invasion of Gaul
(59 – 51 BC)
– 55 BC, crosses Rhine
– 55 BC, 54 BC, Britain
– 52 BC, Battle of Alesia
– The Gallic Wars

25. Appian Way

26. Gaius Julius Caesar

27. Julius Caesar
• 53 BC, Crassus dies
• 49 BC, Rubicon River
• 48 BC, Battle of
Pharsalus
• Dictator
– 49 BC
– For 10 years, 47 BC
– For life, 44 BC
• Reforms
• 44 BC, Assassination
– Brutus and Cassius
Roman Coin, Minted by Brutus, 43-42 BC