a type of minor levelling instrument.

1. Hand Level
By :
Durgesh Kumar Yadav

2. Definition
• A hand level is a tool
used for rough
levelling i.e.
estimation not
precision.

3. Construction
It mainly consists of :-
 A telescope
( 10 to 15cm long).
 Spirit level.
 Eye piece.
 Object lense.
 Reflecting mirror
having half width of
the instrument.
 Cross wire.
 Focusing screw.

4. How to Use the Hand Level
Steps :-
1. Hold the instrument in hand at the eye level.
2. Raise/ lower object end till the image of
bubble seen in the reflecting mirror is
bisected by cross wire.
3. Take the staff readings against cross wire.

5. How to Use the Hand Level

6. Adjustment of Hand Level

7. Setting & Levelling of
HAND LEVEL
• Bubble of spirit level
should be at center.
• Instrument & line of
sight should be
horizontal.
• For greater stability :
Use of “forked bush
pole”

8. Uses of Hand level
• Mainly it is used for rough levelling in small
scale work but it can be used for :
1. Setting out contour lines.
2. Measuring difference in elevation b/w two
points.

9. Setting out Contour Lines
Fig. Determination of Height of the level

10. Setting out Contour Lines

11. Setting out Contour Lines

12. Measuring Difference in Elevation
• Measuring difference in elevation b/w two
close points.

13. Measuring Difference in Elevation
• Measuring the difference in elevation b/w two
distant points.

14. Measuring Difference in Elevation
• Formula :
• Difference in elevation b/w A & B
= sum of back sight readings – sum of fore sight
readings
• If +ve then A<B
• If –ve then A>B

15. Advantages of Hand Level
• Cheap as compared to other levelling
instruments.
• Portable.
• Less time taking.
• Easy operation.

16. Disadvantages of Hand Level
• Less accurate as compared to other levelling
instruments.
• Suitable for only small scale work.

17. Thank You !