The document discusses floods, including: 1) Defining disasters and floods, and describing the objectives of studying floods. 2) Detailing the various types of floods such as riverine, coastal, urban and catastrophic floods. 3) Explaining the causes of floods, both natural causes like heavy rains and melting ice, and man-made causes like bank erosion. 4) Describing the impacts of floods, including loss of life, damage to infrastructure, health issues, and economic hardship, as well as some benefits like replenishing groundwater.

1. Topic – Floods
By
Dr. Rahul Singh Dangi
MVSc (Animal Nutrition)

2. Over view
• Definition of disaster and floods
• Objectives of study
• Types of floods
• Causes of floods
• Flood impact
• Flood prone areas
• Flood management
Dr. Rahul Singh Dangi

3. Definition -
Disaster - A disaster is a sudden, calamitous event that seriously
disrupts the functioning of a community or society and causes
human, material, and economic or environmental losses that
exceed the community’s or society’s ability to cope using its own
resources.
Floods - Flooding may occur as an overflow of water from water
bodies, such as a river, lake, or ocean, in which the water
overtops or breaks levees, resulting in some of that water
escaping its usual boundaries, or it may occur due to an
accumulation of rainwater on saturated ground in an areal flood.
Dr. Rahul Singh Dangi

4. Objectives
• To identify the causes of floods
• To describe the overall impact of flooding
• To formulate the strategy for the flood affected areas
- Mitigation
- Preparation
- Response
- Recovery
Dr. Rahul Singh Dangi

5. Types of floods
Areal - Areal flooding begins in flat areas like floodplains and in local depressions
not connected to a stream channel, because the velocity of overland flow
depends on the surface slope. Endorheic basins may experience areal flooding
during periods when precipitation exceeds evaporation.
Dr. Rahul Singh Dangi

6. Riverine (Channel)- When overland flow occurs on tilled
fields, it can result in a muddy flood where sediments are picked
up by run off and carried as suspended matter or bed load.
Localized flooding may be caused or exacerbated by drainage
obstructions such as landslides, ice, debris, or beaver dams.
Dr. Rahul Singh Dangi

7. Estuarine and coastal- Flooding in estuaries is commonly
caused by a combination of storm surges caused by winds and
low barometric pressure and large waves meeting high upstream
river flows.
Dr. Rahul Singh Dangi

8. Urban flooding- Urban flooding is a condition, characterized by
its repetitive and systemic impacts on communities, that can
happen regardless of whether or not affected communities are
located within designated floodplains or near any body of water.
Dr. Rahul Singh Dangi

9. Catastrophic- Catastrophic riverine flooding is usually associated
with major infrastructure failures such as the collapse of a dam,
but they may also be caused by drainage channel modification
from a landslide, earthquake or volcanic eruption.
Dr. Rahul Singh Dangi

10. Causes of floods
Natural causes-
• Heavy rains
• Melting of ice during volcano eruption
• Under sea earthquake
• Marine landship
Man made causes-
• Bank erosion
• Breach of dams/barrage/embankment
Dr. Rahul Singh Dangi

11. Flood impact
Primary effect-
• The primary effects of flooding include loss of life and damage to buildings and
other structures, including bridges, sewerage systems, roadways, and canals.
• Floods also frequently damage power transmission and sometimes power
generation, which then has knock-on effects caused by the loss of power.
• It may also cause the loss of sewage disposal facilities.
• Lack of clean water combined with human sewage in the flood waters raises
the risk of waterborne diseases, which can include typhoid, giardia,
cryptosporidium, cholera and many other diseases depending upon the
location of the flood.
• Damage to roads and transport infrastructure may make it difficult to mobilize
aid to those affected or to provide emergency health treatment.
• Flood waters typically inundate farm land, making the land unworkable and
preventing crops from being planted or harvested, which can lead to shortages
of food both for humans and farm animals.
Dr. Rahul Singh Dangi

12. Secondary effect-
• Economic hardship due to a temporary decline in tourism, rebuilding costs, or
food shortages leading to price increases is a common after-effect of severe
flooding.
• The impact on those affected may cause psychological damage to those
affected, in particular where deaths, serious injuries and loss of property occur.
• Urban flooding can cause chronically wet houses, leading to the growth
of indoor mold and resulting in adverse health effects, particularly respiratory
symptoms.
• Floods can also be a huge destructive power. When water flows, it has the
ability to demolish all kinds of buildings and objects, such as bridges,
structures, houses, trees, cars etc.
Dr. Rahul Singh Dangi

13. Benefits of flood-
• Recharging ground water
• Making soil more fertile
• Increasing nutrients in some soil
• Freshwater floods particularly play an important role in
maintaining ecosystems in river corridors and are a key factor in maintaining
floodplain biodiversity.
• Flooding can spread nutrients to lakes and rivers, which can lead to
increased biomass and improved fisheries for a few years.
• For some fish species, an inundated floodplain may form a highly suitable
location for spawning with few predators and enhanced levels of nutrients or
food.
• Bird populations may also profit from the boost in food production caused by
flooding
• The viability of hydropower, a renewable source of energy, is also higher in
flood prone regions.
• Periodic flooding was essential to the well-being of ancient communities along
the Tigris-Euphrates Rivers, the Nile River, the Indus River, the Gangas and
the Yellow River among others. Dr. Rahul Singh Dangi

14. Flood prone areas
• EAST.
• Assam - Brahmaputra and Barak valleys.
• Manipur - central districts.
• Tripura - west.
• West Bengal - Duars, Hugli basin, areas adjoining Ganga and Damodar.
• Bihar - Ganga valley, Kosi valley.
• Orissa - central coastal districts, lower Mahanadi basin.
• Jharkhand - Damodar valley.
Dr. Rahul Singh Dangi

15. Flood management
APPROACH
• Flood can not be absolutely controled.
• Floods can only be managed to reduce flood losses
Dr. Rahul Singh Dangi

16. STRATEGIES
• Modify the flood
• Modify to the susceptibility to flood damage
• Modify the loss burden
• Bear the loss
Dr. Rahul Singh Dangi

17. ORGANISATIONS
• State flood control department
• Central water commission
• Ganga flood control commission
• Brahmaputra board
• MHA - NDM division
Dr. Rahul Singh Dangi

18. Structural measure
• Dams and reservoirs
• Embankment
• channel improvement
• River diversion
• Inter basin transfer
• Anti erosion works
Dr. Rahul Singh Dangi

19. Non structural measure
• Flood forecasting and warning
• Flood plain zoning
• Flood fighting
• Flood proofing
• Flood insurance
• Relief and rehabilitation
Dr. Rahul Singh Dangi

20. Role of veterinarian during flooding
• Evacuate the animals rapidly to higher ground and check for
injuries to be attended by a veterinarian.
• Ensure that the animals are vaccinated for all infectious diseases.
• The animals should be brought to safer places if the forecast of a
disaster is beforehand.
• All injured animals should be promptly treated and antibiotics can
be provided in case of susceptible illness.
• Never throw the body of dead animal in rivers and streams. The
carcass should be burned or buried as per the protocol.
Dr. Rahul Singh Dangi

21. Dr. Rahul Singh Dangi