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Drought and the Environment
- Impacts & Analyses
Anna Wetherell
Senior Specialist Hydrogeology
Outline
• Environmental impacts of drought
• What doesn’t help
• What has helped
Drought is part of the natural hydrological cycle. A healthy natural
environment is resilient to drought.
Impacts of drought on the environment
• Hydrological impacts
– River flows
– Water levels in wetlands
– Lack of rainfall – soil moisture
• Groundwater versus surface water
Impacts of drought on the environment
• Water quality
– Reduced dilution
– But lack of storm overflows &
‘surface’ runoff?
– Increased retention times
especially lakes
– Salinity issues nearer coast
Impacts of drought on the environment
• Dryness & warm weather
– Increased fire risk
– Increased visitor pressure
• Access restrictions?
– Fire Severity Index
Impacts of drought on the environment
• Species versus habitats
• What kind of drought?
• Timing critical!
– Fish migration
– Breeding waders
– Amphibians
– Invertebrates
– Cumulative impacts
Impacts of drought on the environment
• Short term impacts
– River flows, water levels
– Quick recovery?
• Long term
– Groundwater fed systems
– Water quality – nutrients in
particular
– Breeding success
– Eg 1976 drought impacts
• Type of drought?
1976 drought
What doesn’t help?
• Abstraction (& drainage)
• Pollution
• Habitat fragmentation
Abstraction
• Impacts on
– Length of stress period (effective drought)
– Water levels overall, particularly summer
– Groundwater inputs
– River flows – both low flows and overall flow regime
What does help? - abstraction
• Drought planning
• Water Resource Management
planning
• Restoring Sustainable
Abstraction programme
• Irrigation reservoirs & irrigation
management
• Reform of abstraction licensing
system (Water White Paper)?
Pollution
• Increased sensitivity
• Dry & wet habitats
What does help? - pollution
• Cleaning up our act!
Habitat fragmentation
• Remaining areas more critical
• Lack of space to move into
• Metapopulations
What does help? – habitat fragmentation
• Catchment approach
• Natural Environment White Paper
• England Biodiversity Strategy
• Ecosystem Services
Conclusions
• Impacts of this drought not really known yet, likely to be limited
• Working towards improving resilience of natural environment
• Working towards providing security of supply balanced with needs of
environment
• Emphasising importance of water – for us and for the environment
NE_Wetherell.pdf

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NE_Wetherell.pdf

  • 1. Drought and the Environment - Impacts & Analyses Anna Wetherell Senior Specialist Hydrogeology
  • 2. Outline • Environmental impacts of drought • What doesn’t help • What has helped Drought is part of the natural hydrological cycle. A healthy natural environment is resilient to drought.
  • 3. Impacts of drought on the environment • Hydrological impacts – River flows – Water levels in wetlands – Lack of rainfall – soil moisture • Groundwater versus surface water
  • 4. Impacts of drought on the environment • Water quality – Reduced dilution – But lack of storm overflows & ‘surface’ runoff? – Increased retention times especially lakes – Salinity issues nearer coast
  • 5. Impacts of drought on the environment • Dryness & warm weather – Increased fire risk – Increased visitor pressure • Access restrictions? – Fire Severity Index
  • 6. Impacts of drought on the environment • Species versus habitats • What kind of drought? • Timing critical! – Fish migration – Breeding waders – Amphibians – Invertebrates – Cumulative impacts
  • 7. Impacts of drought on the environment • Short term impacts – River flows, water levels – Quick recovery? • Long term – Groundwater fed systems – Water quality – nutrients in particular – Breeding success – Eg 1976 drought impacts • Type of drought?
  • 9. What doesn’t help? • Abstraction (& drainage) • Pollution • Habitat fragmentation
  • 10. Abstraction • Impacts on – Length of stress period (effective drought) – Water levels overall, particularly summer – Groundwater inputs – River flows – both low flows and overall flow regime
  • 11. What does help? - abstraction • Drought planning • Water Resource Management planning • Restoring Sustainable Abstraction programme • Irrigation reservoirs & irrigation management • Reform of abstraction licensing system (Water White Paper)?
  • 13. What does help? - pollution • Cleaning up our act!
  • 14. Habitat fragmentation • Remaining areas more critical • Lack of space to move into • Metapopulations
  • 15. What does help? – habitat fragmentation • Catchment approach • Natural Environment White Paper • England Biodiversity Strategy • Ecosystem Services
  • 16. Conclusions • Impacts of this drought not really known yet, likely to be limited • Working towards improving resilience of natural environment • Working towards providing security of supply balanced with needs of environment • Emphasising importance of water – for us and for the environment