1. Smart City & Sustainable
Development
10th & 11th March, 2016 – MADURAI
ER. AJIT SABNIS
President, Association of Consulting Civil Engineers (India)
President.accehq@gmail.com
TITLE SLIDE
2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Two Challenges
• Key Definitions
• The Genesis- Urbanization
• What is a City ?
• Problems in City
• What is a Smart City ?
• What is Sustainable development ?
• Classification of Development
• Smart City Components
• 100 Smart Cities- Govt Initiative
• Madurai Case study
CONTENTS
3. INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Human History and Transitions
• Hunting & Fishing to Agriculture
• Individualistic to Community Living
Need of the Hour
• Industrialize and Develop
• Environmental Impact Programs
Conference of Parties
• Paris Summit
4. KEY DEFINITIONS 1
FIVE CLIMATIC
ZONES OF INDIA
NBC 2005
HOT AND DRY
HOT AND HUMID
COMPOSITE
COLD
MODERATE
5. NATURAL ENVIRONMENT comprises of all living and
non-living things naturally existing in a given
environment.
KEY DEFINITIONS 2
6. BUILT ENVIRONMENT, refers to human made surroundings
that help human survival with comfort.
KEY DEFINITIONS 3
7. Built Environment
interacts with
Natural Environment in several
ways. Throughout their Life Cycle
they Consume resources
in the form of Energy, Water,
Materials, etc. and emit
wastes.
KEY DEFINITIONS 4
INTERACTION
8. Green House Gasses (GHG)
A greenhouse gas is any
gaseous compound in the
atmosphere that is capable
of absorbing infrared
radiation, thereby trapping
and holding heat in the
atmosphere. By increasing
the heat in the
atmosphere, greenhouse
gases are responsible for
the greenhouse effect, which
ultimately leads to global
warming.
KEY DEFINITIONS 5
9. Global Warming
Global Warming is the increase of Earth's
average surface temperature due to effect of
greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide
emissions from burning fossil fuels or from
deforestation ,which trap heat that would
otherwise escape from Earth. This is a type
of greenhouse effect.
KEY DEFINITIONS 6
11. Average Global
Temperature
According to NASA, the average Global
Temperature on Earth has increased by about 0.8°
Celsius (1.4° Fahrenheit) since 1880. Two-thirds of
the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of
roughly 0.15-0.20°C per decade.
Global Mean Surface air
temperature estimated
14°C (57°F), with an
uncertainty of several
tenths of a degree.
KEY DEFINITIONS 8
12. As a Result, Our Contribution To Earth
CRACKING
LAND MASS
VANISHING
FORESTS
BURNING
FLORA-FAUNA
MELTING ICE
KEY DEFINITIONS 9
15. IN A NUT SHELL – THE BURNING PLANET
KEY DEFINITIONS 12
16. RECENT COP21
SUMMIT HELD AT
PARIS , CALLS FOR
RESTRICTING
GLOBAL AVERAGE
TEMPERATURE
NOT TO EXCEED
2 deg C.
195 COUNTRIES
PARTICIPATED.
JOINT PLEDGE.
GREAT CONCERN.
NEED OF THE HOUR IS……
17. WHAT IS
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
― Sustainable development refers to a mode of
human development in which resource use aims
to meet human needs while preserving the
environment so that these needs can be met not
only in the present, but also for future
generations to come‖ ………. APJ
18. THE GENESIS- RAPID URBANIZATION
THE GENESIS
CHANDLER & FOX in their exhaustive report on Patterns
of growth in urban areas confirm this migration pattern
existing since time immemorial.
20. INDIA TOO IS NOT GOING TO BE LEFT BEHIND. IT SHALL
CONTINUE TO FOLLOW THE SAME PATTERN.
THE GENESIS
21. WHAT IS
URBANIZATION
THEN ?
Urbanization is a
process where
haphazard growth
occurs in urban
population.
The current phase
of urbanization is
described as post-
urban phase
THE GENESIS
22. WHAT IS A CITY ?
WHAT IS A CITY
Cities are very diverse and
complex in nature. They
are like intricately woven
fabric, made of threads of :
Social, Cultural, Industrial,
Economical, Institutional,
political, regional,
Commercial etc.
They are also dependent on
mindsets of its citizens.
23. SMART CITIES-SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
― Cities are like
organisms sucking in
resources and emitting
wastes. There are
three variables
responsible for the
collapse of the city-
Population, Environment
and Resources ‖
-Rogers Richard
24. THE CITY CYCLE
THE GENESIS
1. RURAL MIGRATION
5. ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT
4. INFRASTRUCTURE
DEVELOPMENT
3.
INDUSTRIALIZATION
2. URBANIZATION
6. GLOBAL WARMING
7. GHG EMISSIONS
8. MANMADE
DISASTERS
25. PROBLEMS IN A CITY 1/4
PROBLEMS OF A CITY
SCARCITY OF RESOURCES- Limited resources like
energy, healthcare, housing, and water. Freshwater
consumption is expected to rise 25% by 2030 due
largely to the increase in population.
INADEQUATE AND DETERIORATING
INFRASTRUCTURE- Most of the key
infrastructure components, like bridges, drinking
water, energy, roads, schools, transportation, and
water, not adequate to provide services to rapidly
growing populations.
ENERGY SHORTAGES AND PRICE INSTABILITY-
Large urban populations are a major driver of
this trend, and cities often struggle to adequately
meet demand due to a lack of supply as well as
inefficient transmission and distribution systems
to the end customer.
26. PROBLEMS IN A CITY 2/4
PROBLEMS OF A CITY (CONTD)
ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH CONCERNS-
The rise in global temperature leads to crazy
things — from hotter heat spells and droughts
in some places, to colder cold spells and more
violent storms, more intense flooding, forest
fires, and species loss in other places. Negative
human health impacts are linked to
environmental impacts — such as air pollution
from burning fossil fuels contribute to air
quality problems: ―Respiratory disorders due to
increase in smog level can damage lung tissue,
and is especially harmful for those with asthma
and other chronic lung diseases.
27. PROBLEMS IN A CITY 3/4
PROBLEMS OF A CITY (CONTD)
DEMAND FOR BETTER ECONOMIC
OPPORTUNITIES AND SOCIAL
BENEFITS- It’s important to
remember that the ultimate driver of
rapid urbanization is
overwhelmingly opportunistic — the
pursuit of improved economic
opportunities and social benefits.
The rapid pace of today’s migration
is unprecedented. And the promise
of the smart city is to help ensure
that the economic and social
benefits of urbanization are actually
realized by curbing its negative
consequences.
30. SMART CITIES-SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
WHAT IS A SMART CITY
There are several definitions:
Narrow definition—Cities that use information and
communication technologies to deliver services to
their citizens.
Broader definition- Smart cities use information and
communication technologies (ICT) to be more
intelligent and efficient in the use of resources,
resulting in cost and energy savings, improved
service delivery and quality of life, and reduced
environmental footprint—all supporting innovation
and the low-carbon economy.
Boyd Cohen, an urban strategist helping to lead communities,
cities and companies on the journey towards the smart,
innovative and low carbon economy.
31. DEVELOPMENT CLASSIFICATION 1/ 3
BROWN FIELD DEVELOPMENT
Existing cities made smart - This partial
approach (step by step; with retrofits and
upgrades) is followed by most cities.
32. DEVELOPMENT CLASSIFICATION 2/3
New cities, built smart from the start: these
cities are designed to attract businesses and
residents with a master plan that uses ICT to
deliver efficient citizen benefit services.
GREEN FIELD DEVELOPMENT
33. These are cities established with Specific
purposes example, Industrial cities, Science
towns, Educational etc.
DEVELOPMENT CLASSIFICATION 3/3
PURPOSE-DRIVEN CITIES
34. -SMART ECONOMY
-SMART PEOPLE
-SMART GOV.
-SMART MOBILITY
-SMART ENVRNMT
-SMART LIVING
-SMART EDUCATION
SMART CITIES-COMPONENTS
7-SMART CITY
COMPONENTS
36. • Cities are engines of growth for the
economy .
• Nearly 31% of India‘s current
population lives in urban areas and
contributes 63% of India‘s GDP
• With increasing urbanization, urban
areas are expected to house 40% of
India‘s population and contribute
75% of India‘s GDP by 2030.
• This requires comprehensive
development of
Physical, institutional, social and
economic infrastructure.
INDIAN GOVERNMENT
INITIATIVE
37. India has been extremely
aggressive in executing
its vision of setting up
100 Smart Cities.
98 cities have been
shortlisted in the first
stage of selection
process. With the
commencement of the
second stage, these 20
cities shortlisted.
INDIAN GOVERNMENT INITIATIVE
38. GOVERNMENT INITIATIVE 100 SMART CITIES
AND MADURAI IS ONE OF 100 SMART
CITIES. HEARTY CONGRATULATIONS !!!
39. • Retains many remnants of its historic origins.
• The intricate network of rivers, channel, canals,
tanks and groundwater forms the city‘s essential
blue-green infrastructure, providing
water, drainage and sanitation for domestic,
agricultural and industrial use.
Madurai is an
important
educational,
industrial and
tourism hub.
40. These are risks
such as water
scarcity, climate
change, growing
traffic congestion
and damage to
important natural
habitats.
The city is growing rapidly.
Expected to rise to over 2 million
people by 2030. This will lead to
further pressures on infrastructure
and basic services.
Madurai is also facing a wide range
of risks that will hinder
future growth and quality of life
unless action is taken soon.
41. Increase in average temperatures and rainfall
variability will lead to wide ranging effects on many
sectors, including food and water systems, human
health, buildings, transport, energy and ecosystems.
The city is likely to
be particularly
impacted by
climate change.
Madurai lies in a
warm- humid
climatic zone,
which is hot and
dry with
intermittent and
irregular rainfall.
42. MAJOR RISKS FACING MADURAI
FLOODING:
The areas which are particularly prone to flooding
include parts of the city which lie within the natural
floodplain of the river and drainage channels.
WATER DISTRIBUTION:
Lack of Network of water distribution within the city and
newly expanding areas.
INADEQUATE GROUNDWATER:
Groundwater serving the city is not of good quality due
to inadequate sanitation infrastructure and seepage of
pollutants into the water table.
DEGRADING ECOSYSTEM:
Ecosystem services such as oxygen production, carbon
storage, natural filtering of toxins and pollutants etc are
reducing due to degrading ecosystem.
43. BLUE GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE APPROACH
This approach demonstrates how to manage the
interconnected set of challenges relating to Water
Resources management, water supply and water quality,
sanitation, solid waste management, Flooding and
conservation of natural ecosystems in the context of the
urban development trajectory and its changing climate.
The city government
and stakeholders
identified ‗blue green
infrastructure‘ as the
priority issue that
required action.
44. MADURAI WASTE MANAGEMENT- EXAMPLE
WASTE
PYRAMID
CITY POPULATION – 1.4 M
FLOATING – 0.3 M
CITY GROWING AT 18% APPROX
TOT. WASTE GENERATED- 500 MT/DAY
45. MADURAI WASTE MANAGEMENT- EXAMPLE
52%
20%
3%
25%
DOMESTIC
COMMERCIAL
HOSPITALS
OTHERS
TOTAL WASTE 500 MT/DAY
CITY
SOLID WASTE PER DAY
MT
POPULATION IN
LAKHS
MADURAI 500 17
CHENNAI 4500 85
BANGALORE 5000 101
MYSORE 400 11
BHOPAL 950 24
MUMBAI 8500 220
ALL INDIA SOLID WASTE
190000 MT / DAY
46. ACTION PLAN - ZERO GARBAGE CITY
CAMPAIGN ON SEGREGATION
PUBLIC AWARENESS
PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTICIPATION
COLLECTION METHOD
WASTE SEGREGATION
WASTE TREATMENT
SCIENTIFIC DISPOSAL
BIOMASS – POWER GENERATION AND
REUSE
49. Proper ventilation
Prevention of indoor Microbial Contamination
Utilization of Recycled Materials
Glazed Windows and Solar Utility
Rainwater harvesting and Water Conservation
Maximizing Renewable Resources
Minimizing use of depleting Resources
Promoting Locally available Materials
Minimizing Operational and Maintenance Energy
Reduced Carbon and Water Footprints
Incentives to Sustainable Infrastructure.
Non Negotiable Byelaws and green
Construction Methods
ENFORCEMENTOFSTRINGENT
BYELAWSBEE&ECBC
53. Good Indoor air quality
encompasses factors as
maintenance of
acceptable temperature,
relative humidity, control
of airborne contaminants,
and adequate ventilation.
Thermal comfort begins
with good design, proper
building management,
and seeks to avoid
uneven temperatures,
radiant heat gains or
losses (e.g., from window
areas), draftiness,
stuffiness, excessive
dryness, or high relative
humidity .
GOOD INDOOR
AIR QUALITY
55. Blocks are stacked without mortar, and the center
core of the stacked blocks is filled with grout to form a
solid concrete core that separates the other two air
cores.
SMART CONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGIES
60. MONOLITHIC CONSTRUCTION
The benefits of using aluminum forms are superior to
the old method of plywood forming for formed cast-in-
place concrete.
SMART
METHODOLOGIES
