Settlement pattern of town (Varanasi) brief history of city evolve , settlement of institution and residents, concepts of the main ghats , master plan of Varanasi

1. SETTLEMENT PATTERN OF TOWN (VARANASI)
Jagjeet B23
Abhishek A05
Gurshan B40
Urvesh Desai B31

2. CONTENT
 CITY PROFILE
LOCATION AND LINKAGE
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
PHYSICAL GROWTH OF CITY

3. LOCATION AND LINKAGES
Varanasi, also known as
Benares or Kashi , is a city on
the banks of the river Ganga
in Uttar Pradesh
Varanasi is located797 km of New Delhi,
320 km southeast of Lucknow, 121 km east
of Allahabad.
Source: Census of India 2001 & 2011

4. ACTIVITES ON THE GHATS
Due to high concentration of pilgrims and tourists the ghat area is a highly
active and dynamic area. One can see lot of religious, traditional and
commercial activities on the Ghats. “Appropriation of space”
Source: //www.google.com

5. HISTORICAL TIMELINE
 2nd CENTURY BC: traditional core of the city is
established.
 10-11th CENTURY AD: period of golden age.
 12th CENTURY AD: city is bought under rule of
Muslim nawabs.
 1585 AD: the traditional core is brought under
Akbar's Mughal empire.
 1725 AD : the kashiraj dynasty establishes ramnagar.
 1775 AD: British gain political control over the city.
 1794 AD: the cantonment is established.
 1862 AD: the first railway link between Calcutta and
Banaras is established.
 1916 AD: Banaras Hindu University is established.
 1950 AD : the first master plan for the city was
prepared.
 1974 AD: Varanasi Development Authority was
formed.
 1991 AD: “Draft Master Plan 2001” was prepared.

6. SPATIAL CHARACTERSTICS OF THE
TRADITIONAL CORE
The city's topography
Consists of three
Mounds resembling
lord Shiva's trishul.
These are recognized
as three sacred cores.
Areas located in the
proximity of the river
assume greater social
significance.

7. SPATIAL CHARACTERSTICS OF THE
TRADITIONAL CORE

8. PHYSICAL GROWTH OF THE CITY

9. SIGNIFICANT EVOLUTION FROM 1830-1880
 In the later half of the nineteenth century, the most significant change is
the -increase in the pakka mahal which rapidly encroached upon the
kachcha houses.
 Also all vacant spaces in the immediate neighborhood of the Ganga were
filled in by Pakka houses.
 The two ill-drained areas, formerly
occupied by the Godaulia Nala and
the Misra Pokhra Jhil in the south
and the Maidagin and Machhodari
tank in the north disappeared.
 The site of the Maidagin tank
gradually came to be replaced by
the Company garden, north of the
present a center of the city. The
Machhodari tank was drained into
the Ganga though an underground
channel.

10. RAMNAGAR
 Ramnagar was founded by the Kashiraj dynasty in
1752.
 It is located on the eastern bank of the river
ganga.
 Ramnagar comprises a continuous linear edge of
civic buildings enclosing an avenue.
 The built form is generally 2 to 3 stories high.
 The civic spine connect the fort at the western end
to the city gate at the eastern end. Strategic
location of ramnagar Plan of ramnagar Ramnagar
fort

11. COLONIAL SETTLEMENT
 The colonial settlement was located in
proximity to river varna, 4miles from the
traditional core.
 The British had political control over
Varanasi from 1775 until 1947.
 The settlement comprises of cantonment,
a civil station and administrative quarters.
 Each component of the colonial settlement
was located around an independent focus
and comprised of a mix of institutional and
residential uses.
 The settlement has characteristic wide
open spaces.
 The buildings are 1 to 2 stories high. Map
of colonial settlement Colonial bungalow

12. BENARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY
 The university was founded in 1916.
 It is located on the south western banks of the river
ganga.
 It is defined by it’s composite semi-circular pattern.
 The character is based on forms derived from western
principles and stylized by traditional Indian motifs. BHU
Plan of the university. University road Residential building
in the university

13. EVOLUTION OF THE GHATS
There are presently 84 Ghats along the edge of the river,
but there are five ghat (panchtirth)which are considered
most sacred among all the Ghats.
These include:
• Assi Ghat
• Dasashwamedh ghat
• Manikarnika ghat
• Panchganga ghat
• Adikeshav ghat Aarti at
Assi ghat

14. SPATIAL CHARACTERSTICS OF THE COLONIAL
SETTLEMENT
Location of the colonial
settlement w.r.t the traditional
core Street networks in the
colonial settlement Factors
affecting location:
• Traditional core considered
“dangerous/unhygienic”
• Less investment
Proximity to river Factors resulting
in deformed street pattern:
• Existing features
• Topography
• “ Green villages “ in London

15. CONTEMPORARY DEVELOPMENT
The organization principles of the contemporary settlements are based on formalized
zoning codes.
• The buildings can be distinguished from one another on the basis of functional
differences.
• The housing typologies range from plotted and group housing to squatters.
Residential development

16. STASTICAL DATA
Longitude 83.0
Latitude:25.20
Geographical 1535 Sq. Km. Area(2001)
Population (2011) 3,682,194
(1) Male (2011) 1,928,641
(2) Female (2011) 1,753,553
(3) Rural (2001) 1878100
(4) Urban (2001) 1260570
(5) Scheduled Caste 435540
(6) Scheduled Tribes 770
(7) Sex Ratio 909
(8) Population Density 2399 per.sq.km.
• Literacy 77.05 %
(1) Male 85.12 %
(2) Female 68.20 %
• No. of Tehsil 3
No. of Block 8
No. of Nyay Panchayats 108
No. of Gram Panchayats 702
No. of Villages 1327
(1) Inhabited 1289
(2) Uninhabited 38
Town/Group of towns (2001) 4
(1) Nagar Nigam 1
(2) Nagar Palika Parishad 1
(3) Nagar Panchayat 1
(4) Cantonment Board 1
No. of Police Stations 25
(1) Rural 8
(2) Urban 17
Source: Census of India(2001&2011)

17. Thank you…..