1.
Rising to the Challenge of Carbon Neutrality Tom Hootman, AIA, LEED AP RNL, Director of Sustainability

2.
2030 ° Challenge?

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Objective?

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Objective?

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Agenda <ul><li>1. About the 2030 Challenge </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Comparisons to LEED </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Comparisons to EISA </li></ul></ul><ul><li>2. RNL’s approach </li></ul><ul><li>3. Methodology and tools </li></ul><ul><li>4. Methodology for net-zero buildings </li></ul><ul><li>5. Case Study – Fort Carson Brigade and Battalion Headquarters </li></ul><ul><li>6. Case Study – NREL Research Support Facilities </li></ul>

6.
2030 ° Challenge

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Source: Metropolis Magazine October 2003

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2030 ° Challenge The 2030 Challenge is a call for phased reduction in the consumption of fossil fuels in buildings Developed by 2030 Architecture and Edward Mazria Supported by the AIA and USGBC Adopted by US Conference of Mayors

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2030 ° Challenge Make a firm-wide commitment Develop an implementation plan Get on board at: www.architecture2030.org Keep at it! ADOPTING

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2030 ° Challenge Existing and New buildings 50% NOW New Buildings 60% in 2010 70% in 2015 80% in 2020 90% in 2025 Carbon Neutral in 2030 TARGETS

11.
50% from what?!?

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“ meet a fossil fuel, GHG-emitting, energy consumption performance standard of 50% of the regional (or country) average for that building type .” CBECS Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey RECS Residential Energy Consumption Survey

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2003 CBECS <ul><li>ENERGY STAR TARGET FINDER </li></ul><ul><li>NREL Tables </li></ul><ul><ul><li>“ Methodology for Modeling Building Energy Performance across the Commercial Sector”, Table 4-1, pg 21 </li></ul></ul><ul><li>2030 Challenge Tables </li></ul><ul><li>CBECS </li></ul>

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Energy Use Intensity EUI Annual Energy Use / Building Area kBtu / SF / Year

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64.3 kBtu/SF/yr Energy Use Intensity 45 MPG

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64.3 kBtu/SF/yr Site Energy Energy Use Intensity 170 kBtu/SF/yr Source Energy 2.65X

17.
Site Energy Use Intensity

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Site Energy Use Intensity

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Site Energy Use Intensity 2030 ° Challenge Baselines El Paso, Texas Office K-12 Food Services ENERGY STAR* 98 56 N/A NREL (CBECS) 70 74 393 2030 Challenge N/A N/A 302 (534 Fast Food) * Varies based on input Values in kBtu/SF/year

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ENERGY STAR Target Finder Zip Code

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ENERGY STAR Target Finder Building Type

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ENERGY STAR Target Finder 50% Percentile is Average Building

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ENERGY STAR Target Finder View Results

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ASHRAE 90.1 2004 = 30% ASHRAE 90.1 2007 = 25% IECC 2006 = 30% CA Title 24 2005 = 15-20% CA Title 24 2008 = 10% RESNET HERS = 65 or less 2030 ° Challenge Code Equivalency

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2030 energy goals benchmark other existing buildings based on average annual fossil fuel energy use. LEED energy goals are based on energy cost savings and benchmark your building as designed to meet ASHRAE 90.1. 2030 ° Challenge and LEED

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2030 ° Challenge and EISA 2007 60% in 2010 70% in 2015 80% in 2020 90% in 2025 Carbon Neutral in 2030 55% in 2010 65% in 2015 80% in 2020 90% in 2025 Carbon Neutral in 2030 2030 ° Challenge Energy Independence and Security Act

29.
OK, Breath!

30.
<ul><li>Communications </li></ul><ul><li>Process </li></ul><ul><li>Consultants </li></ul><ul><li>Operations </li></ul><ul><li>Education </li></ul><ul><li>Client Value </li></ul><ul><li>Marketing </li></ul><ul><li>Metrics and Verification </li></ul>2030  Challenge RNL Implementation Plan

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Sustainable Design Coordinator

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Sustainable Design Coordinator Training

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2030  Challenge RNL Methodology <ul><li>Implementing innovative sustainable design strategies – optimize energy performance </li></ul><ul><li>Generating on-site renewable power </li></ul><ul><li>Purchasing (20% maximum) green power </li></ul><ul><li>Measure as CO 2 </li></ul>

34.
2030  Challenge

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2030  Challenge

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<ul><li>Set energy goals </li></ul><ul><li>Integrated design </li></ul><ul><li>Energy model! </li></ul><ul><li>Use passive strategies = free energy </li></ul>Optimizing Energy Performance

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Optimizing Energy Performance

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Optimizing Energy Performance Passive Strategies – El Paso

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Optimizing Energy Performance Passive Strategies – El Paso

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Optimizing Energy Performance Passive Strategies – El Paso

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Optimizing Energy Performance Passive Strategies – El Paso

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Optimizing Energy Performance Passive Strategies – El Paso

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Optimizing Energy Performance Passive Strategies – El Paso

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Optimizing Energy Performance Passive Strategies – El Paso

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Green Power

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Can purchase up to 100% of electrical use. LEED-NC + CS credit for 35%, 2 years LEED-CI credit for 50%, 2 years 2030 Challenge caps benefit at 20% Green Power

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Green Power Renewable Electricity REC

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Green Power Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) REC +

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Renewable Energy

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On-Site Renewable Energy

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Renewable Energy Resources Source: Energy Information Administration

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NREL-IMBY

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NREL-IMBY

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PV Planning Basics <ul><li>Orientation, tilt, solar access and shading </li></ul><ul><li>BIPV </li></ul><ul><li>PV sizing </li></ul><ul><ul><li>LEED, % of energy, ZEB </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>PV Watts website </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>NREL IMBY website </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Roof area or site area </li></ul></ul><ul><li>PV costs </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Incentives and rebates </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Dsireusa.org website </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>NREL IMBY website </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Structure the cost and value </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>PPAs </li></ul></ul>

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PV Watts

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PV Watts

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PV Watts

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PV Watts El Paso 1 KW of PV generates 1657 kWh of electricity

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Power Purchase Agreements Building Owner Solar Developer Utility Company <ul><li>Gets clean, renewable energy </li></ul><ul><li>Gets a competitive long term power contract </li></ul><ul><li>Provides roof or site area for PV </li></ul><ul><li>Gets 30% Federal tax credit </li></ul><ul><li>Gets Solar RECS from Utility </li></ul><ul><li>Gets 20 year contract for power </li></ul><ul><li>Installs and maintains equipment </li></ul><ul><li>Gets to claim renewable energy toward renewable portfolio standard </li></ul><ul><li>Provides net metering </li></ul>

60.
Hanging in there?

61.
Carbon Footprint

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Carbon Footprint

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Carbon Footprint Footprint = Annual Energy x Emission Factor CO 2 /yr = kBtu/yr x CO 2 /kBtu Or use CO 2e

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Emission Factors

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Emission Factors <ul><li>NREL “Source Energy and Emission Factors for Energy Use in Buildings” </li></ul><ul><li>ENERGY STAR Target Finder </li></ul><ul><li>eGRID and eGRIDweb </li></ul>

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Emission Factors Emission factor for electricity in El Paso: 1.311 LB of CO 2 /kWh or 0.384 LB of CO 2 /kBtu Emission factor for natural gas: 133.60 LB of CO 2 /1000 ft 3 or 0.130 LB of CO 2 /kBtu

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ZEB Definitions Net Zero Site Energy Building Net Zero Source Energy Building Net Zero Energy Cost Building Net Zero Energy Emissions Building Source: NREL

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ZEB Classifications ZEB:A Renewable energy within footprint ZEB:B Renewable energy within site boundary ZEB:C Renewable energy off site ZEB:D Purchased green power Source: NREL

72.
On to buildings!

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Fort Carson Brigade and Battalion Headquarters

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US Army Corp of Engineers: Client Hensel Phelps Construction: Contractor RNL: Architecture, Interiors, Landscape, Lighting Cobb Mechanical / AE Associates: Mechanical Sturgeon Electric / RMH Group: Electrical Team Puma / Martin/Martin: Structural AEC: LEED, Energy Modeling Fort Carson Design Build Team

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Army’s First LEED Gold

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LEED Metrics Open Space 152,024 SF Total Water Use Reduction 2,887,511 Gallons/Year Energy Cost Savings $109,830 / Year Construction Waste Diverted 408.1 Tons Recycled Content $1,933,391.05 245% 56.0% 30.8% 53.9% 32.8%

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Daylighting and Form

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RFP Conceptual Layout

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LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3 Floor Plans 140,000 SF

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RFP Conceptual Site Plan BBHQ North

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Site Plan North

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Passive Daylighting Shading to Reduce Heat Gain Orientation Envelope Wall Insulation Roof Insulation High Performance / Optimized Glazing High Albedo Roof Energy Efficiency Measures

84.
Systems Lighting Power Density Reduction CO2 Sensors for Demand Control Ventilation Energy Recovery Condensing Boiler Air-cooled Variable Speed Chiller Variable Flow HW/CHW Pumps HW/CHW Temperature Reset on Outside Air Temperature Supply Air Temperature Reset on Outside Air Temperature Energy Efficiency Measures

85.
Energy Dashboard Project Energy Goal = 30% better than ASHARE 90.1 Design Energy Savings = 34% better than ASHRAE 90.1 Energy Use Intensity: 2030 Baseline 131 kBtu/SF/year LEED Baseline 97 kBtu/SF/year Design 64 kBtu/SF/year

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Carbon Dashboard Carbon Emissions: Percent Carbon Emission Reduction = 51% 2030 Baseline 65 LB CO 2e /SF/year Design 32 LB CO 2e /SF/year

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Department of Energy National Renewable Energy Lab Research Support Facilities (RSF)

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DOE / NREL: Client Haselden Construction: Contractor RNL: Architecture, Interiors, Landscape, Lighting Stantec: MEP, Energy Modeling KL&A: Structural Martin/Martin: Civil AEC: LEED, Daylight Modeling Namaste Solar: Solar Consultant NREL RSF Design Build Team

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Project Objectives Safety LEED Platinum Energy Star 1. Mission Critical

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2. Highly Desirable 800 staff Capacity 25kBTU/sf/year Architectural integrity Honor future staff needs Measurable ASHRAE 90.1 Support culture and amenities Expandable building Ergonomics Flexible workspace Support future technologies “ How to” manual Real-time PR” campaign Secure collaboration with outsiders Building information modeling Substantial Completion by 2010 Project Objectives

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3. If Possible Net zero design approach Most energy efficient building in the world LEED Platinum Plus ASHRAE 90.1 + 50% Visual displays of current energy efficiency Support public tours National and global recognition and awards Support personnel turnover Project Objectives

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Zero Energy Strategies

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PV System Natural Ventilation Thermal Mass UFAD Labyrinth Transpired Collectors Radiant Cooling Radiant Heating Workplace Daylighting 60’ The Section

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1 2 3 4 Floor Plans 220,000 SF

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RSF RSF Parking Site Plan

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Massing

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East and West Orientations

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Zinc Pre-cast Concrete Transpired Collector Exterior Materials

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Daylighting

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Daylighting

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Transpired Solar Collector

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Labyrinth

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Labyrinth

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Labyrinth

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50 F to 75 F Natural Ventilation

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> 70 F Natural Ventilation

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Workplace Interiors

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Photovoltaic System

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787 KW 540 KW Photovoltaic System

110.
Energy Dashboard Project Energy Goal = 50% better than ASHARE 90.1 and 32.3 kBtu/SF/year Design Energy Savings = 43% better than ASHRAE 90.1 and 32.3 kBtu/SF/year (before renewables) Energy Use Intensity: 2030 Baseline 111 kBtu/SF/year LEED Baseline 56 kBtu/SF/year Design 32 kBtu/SF/year

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Energy Dashboard Zero Energy Building: Site ZEB 0 kBtu/SF/year Source ZEB -11 kBtu/SF/year Emissions ZEB -3 LB CO 2e /SF/year PV 1.33 MW B Classification B Classification B Classification

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Carbon Dashboard Carbon Emissions: Percent Carbon Emission Reduction = 103% 2030 Baseline 99 LB CO 2e /SF/year Design -3 LB CO 2e /SF/year