1.
An Overview of Emerging
Trends in construction
Industry
Ajit Sabnis
ajitsabnis57@gmail.com
1
The Initial Force

2.
CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY
MACRO ENTITY
CONCRETE
TECHNOLOGY
BUILDING MATERIALS
FORMWORK
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
EMERGING
TRENDS
REHABILITATION
ENGINEERING
2
MASONRY
PROJECT
MANAGEMENT

3.
EMERGING TRENDS IN CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY
1.High Strength / High performance Concrete ( HSC/ HPC)
2.Self Compacting Concrete (SCC)
3.Fiber Reinforced concrete (FRC)
4.Polymer Modified Concrete (PMC)
5.High Volume Flyash Concrete (HVFC)
6.Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC)
7.Self Healing Concrete / Bacterial Concrete
8.Cement
9.Admixtures 3

4.
HIGH STRENGTH / HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE
HSC- is primarily used in critical
components.
For structures exposed to aggressive
environmental conditions, HPC
ensuring long term Durability in terms
of resistance to weathering action,
chemical attack, abrasion etc is
important.
High fluidity without segregation, Low
coefficient of Permeability, High
Dimensional Stability are some of the
important characteristics of HSC and
HPC.
Cutting section of real
size RC column using
150 MPa concrete. Steel
fiber was added in the
150 MPa concrete to
prevent early spalling of
the cover concrete.
EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY
4

5.
EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY
SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE (SCC)
“ A concrete that is capable of self compacting, occupies all the space
in the form without any external means like mechanical vibrations etc”
The guiding principle behind SCC is that the sedimentation velocity of
a particle is inversely proportional to the viscosity of the floating
medium in which the particle exists.
The Viscosity is greatly influenced by the powder content in the
medium. It is common practice to use substantial amount of mineral
admixture such as Flyash, GGBS to avoid thermal cracking.
The use of Self-Compacting Concrete
(SCC) in the precast industry is gaining
an increasing amount of attention due
to the many benefits that may be gained
from its properties.
5

6.
FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE (FRC)
FRC- Fiber reinforced concrete is a type of concrete that includes
fibrous substance that increases its structural strength, durability and
ductility. FRC has minute distinct fibers that are homogeneously
dispersed in the concrete matrix and randomly oriented to give it a kind
of three dimensional stability. The improvement in concrete properties
by including these fibers depend on fiber content, shape of fiber,
aspect ratio of Fiber etc.
Depending on the type of fibers used, FRC is generally categorized as ;
Steel fiber Reinforced Concrete ( SFRC) - Synthetic Fiber Reinforced
Concrete ( SNRC) - Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete ( GFRC)
Flexural deformation ability of ductile
fiber reinforced cementitious
composite
EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY
6

7.
POLYMER MODIFIED CONCRETE (PMC)
In certain cases we use concrete
formulations using organic polymers or
resins to tackle the limitations offered by
the ordinary concrete.
PMC is a composite in which 10 to 15% by
weight of cement binder is replaced by a
synthetic organic binder or a polymer latex.
EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY
AT LEFT, AN UNMODIFIED PATCH IS
EASILY DISLODGED DUE TO A LACK
OF HYDRATION DURING CURING AND
LACK OF ADHESION. AT RIGHT, A
MODIFIED PATCH AT 10% POLYMER
(PERCENT POLYMER BY WEIGHT TO
CEMENT) WOULD NOT BUDGE.
POLYMER MODIFIED
CEMENT WATER
PROOFING
7

8.
HIGH VOLUME FLYASH CONCRETE (HVFA)
HVFA has very low water content and at least 50% of the Portland cement
mass is replaced by class C or Class F – Flyash. Sometimes due to low
WC ratio, use of Super-plasticisers are required to improve workability
criteria while placing the concrete.
HVFA has excellent workability , low heat of hydration, durability
properties.
Another important aspect of HVFA is its low electrical conductivity and
the consequent ability to resist corrosion.
EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY
Fly ash concrete is used in
severe exposure
applications
such as the decks and
piers of a bridge.
Ex:Tampa Bay's Sunshine
Skyway Bridge.
8

9.
REACTIVE POWDER CONCRETE (RPC)
RPC- Reactive Powder Concrete is an ultra High strength and
high ductility composite material. It is a special concrete with its
micro structure optimized by precise gradation of all particles in
the mix to yield maximum density.
EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY
RPC beams are similar in size to
steel beams.
9

10.
CEMENT
EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY
NANO CEMENT
Nano Cements are being developed as cements
containing well dispersed nano particles of
cement and mineral admixtures. These nano
particles would be evenly distributed among the
larger particles of mineral admixtures and with
such fine dispersion, even a lower content of
cement should be able to provide us the desired
binding of aggregates and admixture particles.
ENGINEERED CEMENT
Engineered Cement can be equated to Engineering the performance of
cement by tailoring the chemical composition and by controlling the
particle size distribution.
Further by the incorporation of mineral admixtures such as Fly ash or
GGBS in binary blends with OPC offer significant improvements in
durability properties. Ternary blends with Silica fume alter the
microstructure and density and strengthen the weak aggregate-mortar
interface zone. 10

11.
With the explosive growth in high-rise residential construction, the
Load-Bearing Wall (LBW) system is gaining recognition. The walls and
slab are poured simultaneously when using the innovative tunnel form
construction method. Since the forms are stripped in 24 hours, the
daily cycle meets the demand of fast-track construction for repetitive
cell layouts, synonymous with many hotel and condominium projects.
EMERGING TRENDS IN FORMWORK (1)
11

12.
Extruded aluminum forms
Plastic Forms
Fiber forms
Fabric forms
Form liners
Com Shells
Inflated Forms
Or In combination of above
Note : Form-liners are normally made of Rubber / silicone /
Thermoplastic or Polystyrene to impart intricate designs
surface finishes.
NEW FORM
MATERIALS (2)
EMERGING TRENDS IN
FORMWORK
12

13.
FLY FORMS
GANG FORMS
SLIP FORMS
SUSPENDED SLAB FORMS
BEAM FORMS
JUMP FORMS
SINGLE-SIDED FORMS
CANTILEVER FORMS
ARCH FORMS
WALL AND COLUMN FORMS
TUNNEL FORMS
BRIDGE DECK FORMS
SHAFT-LINING FORMS
NEW FORM
TYPES (3)
EMERGING TRENDS IN
FORMWORK
13

14.
TYPICAL FINISH
WITH FORM LINER
TYPICAL CIRCULAR
COLUMN FORM
TYPICAL WALL
FORM
EMERGING TRENDS IN
FORMWORK
TYPICAL FORM SAMPLES (4)
Some times Form liners are
also referred as Stay-in-Place
Formwork.
14

15.
EMERGING TRENDS IN
FORMWORK
TYPICAL FORM SAMPLES (5)
TYPICAL ALUMINUM
SLAB FORM
WITH ADJUSTABLE
PROPS
TYPICAL ALUMINUM TABLE FORM
WITH ADJUSTABLE PROPS
15

16.
EMERGING TRENDS IN
FORMWORK
TYPICAL FORM SAMPLES (5)
TYPICAL ADJUSTABLE
TUNNEL FORMS
TYPICAL ADJUSTABLE
CURVED TUNNEL FORMS
16

17.
EMERGING TRENDS IN
FORMWORK
THE
ALUMINUM
WALL
FORMS.
The benefits of using aluminum forms are superior to the old
method of plywood forming for formed cast-in-place concrete.
Apart from the dimensional stability of the forms, the overall
quality of the pour seems much better with tighter tolerances.
TYPICAL FORM SAMPLES (6)
17

18.
INSULATING CONCRETE FORMS
Homes built using an Insulating
Concrete Form (ICF) system literally
have the insulation built into the
walls as part of the structure. This
system creates walls that have a
high thermal resistance, with R-
values typically above R-17. Even
though ICF homes are constructed
using concrete, they look just like
traditional stick-built homes.
OTHER FORM SAMPLES (7) EMERGING TRENDS IN
FORMWORK
18

19.
SLIP FORM SAMPLES (8) EMERGING TRENDS IN
FORMWORK
SLIP FORM – PLACER BOOM
MOUNTED ON TOP
19

20.
EMERGING TRENDS IN
FORMWORK
TYPICAL
INFLATED FORM
TYPICAL FABRIC
FORM
COMSHELL FORM
OTHER FORM SAMPLES (9)
20

21.
EMERGING TRENDS IN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
1.Pre Engineered Buildings
2.Pre-Cast Buildings
3.Construction Equipment
4.Fast Track Construction
5.Tilt-up Construction
6.Ground Freezing
7.High Rise Buildings
8.Soundless demolition Systems
21

22.
SCC and computerized precision color
control are revolutionizing the Precast
Industry.
Ultralite panels are being manufactured with Carbon Cast, a grid of
carbon fiber reinforcing. The resulting weight reduction generates
savings in transportation, erection, and substructure costs.
The new POST- Prestressed Open Space Truss provides a solution
for long-spans, while maintaining the shallow floor depth of a flat
plate system. This system works well for parking spaces in the lower
levels.
Hybrid construction marries the benefits of PC and CIP (Cast in Place)
for a desired result, such as seismic performance, cost savings or
schedule implications.
PRECAST CONSTRUCTION
EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
22

23.
PRECAST CONSTRUCTION
EASI PANELS PVT LTD- MYSORE
EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
PRECAST HOLLOW CAVITY RETAINING WALL
HOLLOW CAVITY WALL - EXTERNAL GRADE
OF WALLING PANEL (NON LOAD BEARING).
PRECAST WALL 100 MM THICK.
INSTALLED AT ONE OF
THE FACTORY IN MYSORE.
23

24.
TILT-UP CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
The Tilt Up industry is reaching new heights with the record lift
nearing 100 feet. Production is streamlined with embedded facers
cast integrally with wall panel to greatly reduce labor
requirements with conventional brick and mortar veneer.
EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
24

25.
ERECTION OF STRUCTURAL STEEL X COLUMNS
AT JNS DELHI- COMMON WEALTH GAMES-2010
EMERGING TRENDS
IN CONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGY
Floodlights & PA
System
Membran
e Roof
New Ramp
System
Primary Roof
Structure
Existing stadia
bowl
•Largest roof over seating area
in India and among the top 5
largest in the world.
•70 m cantilever; 40 m height
from the ground.
•First Cable Fabric Roof in India
•10,000 MT of Structural Steel.
•500 MT of cable structure
holding the fabric – Imported
from Germany.
• 55,000 Sqm Special Glass Fabric (PTFE) Roof – Imported from
USA.
25

26.
ERECTION OF STRUCTURAL STEEL X COLUMNS
AT JNS DELHI- COMMON WEALTH GAMES-2010
EMERGING TRENDS
IN CONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGY
The entire construction process of the
stadium was a state of art construction. Be
it erection of V & X- shape structural
columns OR………
26

27.
ERECTION OF STRUCTURAL STEEL X COLUMNS
AT JNS DELHI- COMMON WEALTH GAMES-2010
EMERGING TRENDS
IN CONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGY
…..Cable Net Stressing or be it
the erection of Geo fabric
Membrane with Roof Manholes
and Maintenance Catwalks.
27

28.
ERECTION OF STRUCTURAL STEEL X COLUMNS
AT JNS DELHI- COMMON WEALTH GAMES-2010
EMERGING TRENDS
IN CONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGY
28

29.
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EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
The "Super Flex Wall" is a structural
frame method newly developed by the
Takenaka Corporation, used in
combination with a core wall (the
earthquake-resistant reinforced
concrete wall penetrating through the
center of the building from the lower
part to the top floor) and a structural
control method or with a base-isolation
method. Part of the structure is
cantilevered from the central core along
the periphery of the building.
HIGH RISE BUILDINGS

30.
EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGYGROUND FREEZING TECHNOLOGY
Ground freezing technology makes use of the
properties of artificially frozen ground. To
achieve this, freeze pipes are bored or driven
into the ground in specified intervals. A
refrigerant is passed through the freeze pipes
absorbing the heat of the surrounding ground
as it circulates.
Ground freezing technology can be applied in
the following areas:
■ Tunnel construction
■ Deep Excavations in loose soil.
■ Extraction of undisturbed soil samples
■ Forcing through railway underpasses
■ Soil remediation
30

31.
EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
SOUNDLESS DEMOLITION SYSTEMS
The traditional approach to demolishing
concrete structures or reducing the size
of large rocks or boulders has typically
included the use of explosives. The
resulting explosions are associated
with the obvious risks posed by shock
waves and fly rock. These problems,
along with other detrimental side effects
of using explosives, have increased an
interest in the use of alternative
methods to demolish rock and concrete
structures.
31

32.
EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
The emergence of electronics in
construction machines presents
the opportunity to re-engineer and
simplify the operator interface of
the machine. By using electronic
and electro-hydraulic control
systems, intelligent machine
functionality will dramatically
improve operator ease of use. This
change in turn will enhance
machine productivity and the
comfort and safety of the operator.
EQUIPMENT
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33.
REINFORCEMENT
Fabrication and corrosion are the crux of most Rebar issues.
“Reinforcement Carpet” gives a unique solution to reduce shipping and
erection costs. With little waste, this innovative tool may greatly change
the speed and precision of concrete mat construction. Galvanized and
stainless clad rebar offer less expensive, but corrosion-resistant
alternatives to stainless steel rebar. The latest technology of MMFX
micro-composite steel gives a high-strength, corrosion-resistant product
with a cost-effective price.
EMERGING TRENDS IN
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
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34.
EMERGING TRENDS IN BUILDING MATERIALS
• BENDABLE CONCRETE
• SELF HEALING CONCRETE
• TRANSLUCENT CONCRETE
• ELECTRIFIED WOOD
• BIO ENGINEERED BRICKS
• SENSITILES
• ELECTROCHROMIC GLASS
• LIQUID GRANITE
• CARBON FIBERS
• BIOMIMICRY SURFACES
• COMPOSITES
• ECO BRICKS
• BASALT RODS
• CONCRETE LUMBERS
• INTELLIGENT FIXTURES
• FACADES AND PANELS.
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35.
EMERGING TRENDS
IN BUILDING
MATERIALSLIQUID GRANITE
BENDABLE CONCRETE
TRANSLUCENT CONCRETE
SENSITILES
35

36.
EMERGING TRENDS
IN BUILDING
MATERIALS
ELECTRIFIED WOOD
FLYASH UNFIRED -ECO BRICKS
BARK SIDINGS AND SHINGLES
36

37.
EMERGING TRENDS
IN BUILDING
MATERIALS
BIO ENGINEERED BRICKS
Flip A Switch And An
ELECTROCHROMIC Window
Can Change From Clear To Fully
Darkened Or Any Level Of Tint
In-between.
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SAND AND
BACTERIA FOR
HARDENING

38.
EMERGING TRENDS REHABILITATION
ENGINEERING
RCC STRUCTURES DETERIORATE SLOWLY DUE TO:
• CYCLIC TEMPERATURE,
• VARIATIONS IN LOADING PATTERNS,
• PHYSICAL CAUSES AND
• CHEMICAL ATTACK DUE TO ENVIRONMENT, ETC.
IF NOT PAID PROPER TIMELY ATTENTION, THESE DETERIORATE
RAPIDLY AND FAIL TO MEET THE FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT FOR
ITS DESIGNED SERVICE LIFE.
VARIOUS CAUSES OF DETERIORATION LIKE ORIGINAL
CONSTRUCTION DEFECTS, CHLORIDE INDUCED CORROSION,
CARBONATION OF CONCRETE, SULPHATE ATTACK, CRACKING DUE
TO THERMAL GRADIENT, PLASTIC SHRINKAGE CRACKS AND
FOUNDATION SETTLEMENT ETC., ARE TO BE LOOKED INTO, BEFORE
ADOPTING ANY STRATEGY.
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39.
EMERGING TRENDS
REHABILITATION
ENGINEERING
EMERGING TRENDS IN REHABILITATION
ENGINEERING ENCOMPASS ALL THE FOLLOWING
SPHERES.
•DIAGNOSTIC DEVICES FOR DISTRESS
ASSESSMENT.
•MATERIALS FOR RETROFITTING &
REHABILITATION.
• IMPLEMENTATION TECHNIQUES
•ASSESSMENT OF PERFORMANCE OF THE
MEASURES.
39

40.
EMERGING TRENDS
REHABILITATION
ENGINEERING
IN THE DOMAIN OF DIAGNOSTIC REPAIRS
A Ground
Probing Radar
Device
Thermography
Camera
Profometer
Device for
Rebars
40

41.
EMERGING TRENDS
REHABILITATION
ENGINEERING
IN THE DOMAIN OF TECHNIQUES
TYPICAL WRAPPING
PROCESS Bonded Pre-stressed
Laminates
41

42.
EMERGING TRENDS
REHABILITATION
ENGINEERING
WITH THE ADVENT OF NEWER
RETROFITTING MATERIALS AND
TECHNIQUES; AND WITH THE
BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE
BASICS OF RETROFITTING /
REHABILITATION ENGINEERING,
WE CAN NOW FORESEE STILL
BRIGHTER DAYS IN THIS FIELD.
-Dr. CSV
42

43.
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EMERGING TRENDS IN MASONRY
The Mortarless Concrete Block Building
System comprises of blocks with six
different internal configuration that form
three separate air cores when stacked in
a single thickness.
Blocks are stacked without mortar, and
the center core of the stacked blocks is
filled with grout to form a solid concrete
core that separates the other two air
cores. This grout flows around and
through each block, bonding it to the
surrounding block and forming a grid of
columns and beams that tie all of the
blocks and walls together without mortar
joints.

44.
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EMERGING TRENDS
IN MASONRYAUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE BLOCKS
AAC is well known as an environmentally
friendly construction material. In the
manufacturing process, no pollutants or
toxic by-products are produced. AAC is
also completely recyclable. Large,
precisely dimensioned elements of AAC
allow rapid construction. Their greater
dimensional accuracy requires less on-site
adjustment. The combination of large size
and dimensional accuracy allows greatly
increased productivity. Due to the light
weight of AAC, reduced equipment
demands are realized.

45.
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Ready Mix Cement Plasters render high quality finish. It can be used
efficiently on brick, block, stone walls as well as concrete surfaces .
Benefits:
•Smooth plaster and Less curing (pre-wetting compulsory)
•Time saving and least rebound
•Light colored plaster walls with uniform quality
•Ensures Quality Plaster.
EMERGING TRENDS
IN MASONRY
SPRAY PLASTER

46.
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WTP 5 MLD
STP 15 MLD
Elevators 63 Nos
Escalators 31 Nos
Travellators 5.20 Km
Conveyors for baggage 6.4 Km
X-Ray machines 41 Nos.
Boarding bridges 78 nos.
Flight information Displays 729 nos.
Number of Documents 735900 nos
Mails Exchanged 2485600 Nos
PTB- Building Envelope 200000 sqm
PTB-Toilet Blocks 145 Nos.
PTB- Baggage Handling per
Hour
12800 bags
PTB-Passenger boarding
bridges
78 Nos
Apron- India’s longest 640000 Sqm
EMERGING TRENDS IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT
EPC (Engineering, Procurement and
Construction) concept involves multiple
project participants performing the entire
design and construction process including
procurement of a variety of critical
components and interaction with clients and
many other stakeholders simultaneously.
The PSRM (Project Scheduling, reporting &
Monitoring) system adopted by L&T was
extensive. All activities at both macro and
micro level were designated with appropriate
weightages, S-Curves drawn for easy
monitoring.
DELHI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

47.
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EMERGING TRENDS IN
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING
A BIM (Building Information Modeling) is the creation of parametric, or
intelligent, 3D models instead of 2D perspective „un-intelligent‟ drawings. A BIM
operates on a digital database and any change made to this database is
reflected throughout the entire drawing. This allows everyone involved in the
building lifecycle – architects, engineers, contractors, developers, and building
owners - to sync together allowing them to view the model in different ways and
seamlessly share information.

48.
In conclusion,
future civil engineers cannot bind themselves
just to the knowledge they have accumulated
within four walls of a class room. They need to
keep learning the Emerging Technologies and
apply it on field.
This presentation is an humble effort to make
you stand face to face with the marvels of
Emerging Construction Technologies.
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THANK YOU ALL