This document summarizes several research papers on using waste heat from vehicle exhaust to power an absorption refrigeration system for automotive air conditioning. The key points are:
1) Absorption refrigeration systems can utilize low-grade waste heat from exhaust to run the air conditioning, unlike vapor compression which increases fuel use. Measured COP of a proposed system is 0.85 to 1.04.
2) A study designed a generator heat exchanger to transfer exhaust heat to the refrigerant in the generator. Experimental results showed exhaust is a viable alternative heating source.
3) Other studies analyzed using exhaust heat to power ammonia-water and lithium bromide absorption systems for vehicle air conditioning. Re
IRJET- A Review on Exhaust Gas Heat Utilization for Air ConditioningIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of using exhaust gas heat from engines or boilers to power an absorption refrigeration system for air conditioning. It describes how vapor absorption refrigeration systems use heat rather than mechanical energy to change the conditions of the refrigerant. The system would include a generator to absorb heat from exhaust gases and separate refrigerant vapor from an absorbent solution, along with an absorber, pump, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator functioning similarly to a vapor compression system. The review discusses previous research on using exhaust heat and the potential benefits for reducing emissions and improving engine efficiency compared to wasting exhaust heat.
A Review Paper on Design of Generator in Vapour Absorption Refrigeration Systemijtsrd
In vapour absorbtion refrigeration system an absorber, a pump, a generator and a pressure reducing valve replace the compressor. We can also operate the generator with low thermal energy by exhaust heat of IC engine. The fossil fuel remain main source of energy but contribute a tremendous amount of pollutants in the environment leading to global warming ,so for the purpose of refrigerator and air conditioning a vapour absorption refrigeration system could be used. this system utilizes the wasteful heat from heavy vehicle exhaust and work on VARS which provides the cooling and reducing various costs like fuel and maintenance. The research has been done in order to recover maximum waste heat and then analyzing the system performance. Through this system the researchers has tried to find out the maximum COP. It has been found by research that generator temperature has the most effect on the release of the system. Alok Kumar Gupta | Laraib Ahamad | Prabhat Kumar Yadav | Paurush Pandit "A Review Paper on Design of Generator in Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31321.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/31321/a-review-paper-on-design-of-generator-in-vapour-absorption-refrigeration-system/alok-kumar-gupta
Automobile air-conditioning is a necessity of present life. vapour compression refrigeration cycle used in modern automobile and refrigerant 134a are available in automobile. The compressor of automobile air-conditioning is run by engine crankshaft, which reduces the mileage of the
automobile. Waste heat recovery of internal combustion engine are two type, one is direct type or thermal energy or waste heat direct converted into electrical energy by see back effect and other is indirect type waste heat is used for rankine cycle ,sterling cycle or refrigeration cycle.
IRJET- A Review Paper on Air-Conditioner Works on Exhaust GasIRJET Journal
This document reviews a proposed air conditioning system for automobiles that uses an absorption refrigeration cycle powered by waste heat from the vehicle's exhaust gases, rather than the conventional vapor compression cycle driven by the engine. It begins with an introduction comparing vapor absorption and compression cycles. Then it discusses the proposed system using ammonia as the refrigerant and exhaust heat as the energy source. The remainder of the document reviews relevant literature on vapor absorption automobile air conditioning systems that also aim to make use of waste exhaust heat rather than engine power. It discusses several studies that analyzed systems using lithium bromide-water and ammonia-water working pairs to power absorption refrigeration cycles for automotive air conditioning.
Energy and Exergy Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle Using Alternative Working...IOSR Journals
This document analyzes the energy and exergy efficiency of organic Rankine cycles (ORC) using different working fluids, including HFO-1234yf, HFC-134a, HFC-245fa, ethanol, and iso-pentane. The study models saturated and trilateral ORC cycles and compares the thermal and exergetic efficiency of the cycles using different working fluids. The results show that HFO-1234yf and HFC-134a have the highest thermal and exergetic efficiencies. HFO-1234yf is identified as a promising working fluid for low to medium temperature ORC applications due to its low global warming potential, zero ozone depletion, and low evaporation temperature. The paper
This document discusses waste heat recovery through the use of a reverse refrigeration cycle or organic Rankine cycle (ORC). It begins by outlining the problem of inefficient production processes that lose a significant amount of heat. The document then provides an overview of how a reverse refrigeration cycle works using a lower boiling point fluid to convert low-temperature waste heat into electricity. It discusses some key components of the cycle like the evaporator, turbine, condenser and pump. The document outlines the methodology that will be used to analyze implementing a reverse refrigeration cycle for waste heat recovery, including specifying the problem, evaluating heat sources, selecting a working fluid, calculating the ideal cycle, sizing heat exchangers, and calculating the real cycle
This document summarizes a proposed system for using waste heat from an automobile engine to power an air conditioning system using a vapor absorption refrigeration cycle. It begins by outlining the limitations of current vapor compression refrigeration systems used in automobiles that require extra engine power. The proposed system would instead use a vapor absorption cycle, which uses heat rather than mechanical work to drive the refrigeration process. This allows it to utilize the waste heat from the engine exhaust. The document then discusses the availability and temperature of waste heat from internal combustion engines. It provides details on the working principles of vapor absorption refrigeration and the common working fluids of ammonia and water. Finally, it summarizes the advantages of the proposed system and concludes that it is
IRJET- Performance and Evaluation of Aqua Ammonia Air Conditioner System ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the performance evaluation of an aqua-ammonia air conditioning system for automobiles that uses waste exhaust heat from the vehicle engine. The study examines how the generator and absorption refrigeration system can utilize the available waste heat. Results found that the cooling capacity was affected by the ammonia concentration and provided acceptable cooling between 1-1.5 tons. The coefficient of performance was highest at higher generator and evaporator temperatures but decreased with increasing condenser and absorber temperatures. Overall, the study shows that an aqua-ammonia vapor absorption system has the potential to provide air conditioning for vehicles using only waste exhaust heat from the engine.
IRJET- A Review on Exhaust Gas Heat Utilization for Air ConditioningIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of using exhaust gas heat from engines or boilers to power an absorption refrigeration system for air conditioning. It describes how vapor absorption refrigeration systems use heat rather than mechanical energy to change the conditions of the refrigerant. The system would include a generator to absorb heat from exhaust gases and separate refrigerant vapor from an absorbent solution, along with an absorber, pump, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator functioning similarly to a vapor compression system. The review discusses previous research on using exhaust heat and the potential benefits for reducing emissions and improving engine efficiency compared to wasting exhaust heat.
A Review Paper on Design of Generator in Vapour Absorption Refrigeration Systemijtsrd
In vapour absorbtion refrigeration system an absorber, a pump, a generator and a pressure reducing valve replace the compressor. We can also operate the generator with low thermal energy by exhaust heat of IC engine. The fossil fuel remain main source of energy but contribute a tremendous amount of pollutants in the environment leading to global warming ,so for the purpose of refrigerator and air conditioning a vapour absorption refrigeration system could be used. this system utilizes the wasteful heat from heavy vehicle exhaust and work on VARS which provides the cooling and reducing various costs like fuel and maintenance. The research has been done in order to recover maximum waste heat and then analyzing the system performance. Through this system the researchers has tried to find out the maximum COP. It has been found by research that generator temperature has the most effect on the release of the system. Alok Kumar Gupta | Laraib Ahamad | Prabhat Kumar Yadav | Paurush Pandit "A Review Paper on Design of Generator in Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31321.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/31321/a-review-paper-on-design-of-generator-in-vapour-absorption-refrigeration-system/alok-kumar-gupta
Automobile air-conditioning is a necessity of present life. vapour compression refrigeration cycle used in modern automobile and refrigerant 134a are available in automobile. The compressor of automobile air-conditioning is run by engine crankshaft, which reduces the mileage of the
automobile. Waste heat recovery of internal combustion engine are two type, one is direct type or thermal energy or waste heat direct converted into electrical energy by see back effect and other is indirect type waste heat is used for rankine cycle ,sterling cycle or refrigeration cycle.
IRJET- A Review Paper on Air-Conditioner Works on Exhaust GasIRJET Journal
This document reviews a proposed air conditioning system for automobiles that uses an absorption refrigeration cycle powered by waste heat from the vehicle's exhaust gases, rather than the conventional vapor compression cycle driven by the engine. It begins with an introduction comparing vapor absorption and compression cycles. Then it discusses the proposed system using ammonia as the refrigerant and exhaust heat as the energy source. The remainder of the document reviews relevant literature on vapor absorption automobile air conditioning systems that also aim to make use of waste exhaust heat rather than engine power. It discusses several studies that analyzed systems using lithium bromide-water and ammonia-water working pairs to power absorption refrigeration cycles for automotive air conditioning.
Energy and Exergy Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle Using Alternative Working...IOSR Journals
This document analyzes the energy and exergy efficiency of organic Rankine cycles (ORC) using different working fluids, including HFO-1234yf, HFC-134a, HFC-245fa, ethanol, and iso-pentane. The study models saturated and trilateral ORC cycles and compares the thermal and exergetic efficiency of the cycles using different working fluids. The results show that HFO-1234yf and HFC-134a have the highest thermal and exergetic efficiencies. HFO-1234yf is identified as a promising working fluid for low to medium temperature ORC applications due to its low global warming potential, zero ozone depletion, and low evaporation temperature. The paper
This document discusses waste heat recovery through the use of a reverse refrigeration cycle or organic Rankine cycle (ORC). It begins by outlining the problem of inefficient production processes that lose a significant amount of heat. The document then provides an overview of how a reverse refrigeration cycle works using a lower boiling point fluid to convert low-temperature waste heat into electricity. It discusses some key components of the cycle like the evaporator, turbine, condenser and pump. The document outlines the methodology that will be used to analyze implementing a reverse refrigeration cycle for waste heat recovery, including specifying the problem, evaluating heat sources, selecting a working fluid, calculating the ideal cycle, sizing heat exchangers, and calculating the real cycle
This document summarizes a proposed system for using waste heat from an automobile engine to power an air conditioning system using a vapor absorption refrigeration cycle. It begins by outlining the limitations of current vapor compression refrigeration systems used in automobiles that require extra engine power. The proposed system would instead use a vapor absorption cycle, which uses heat rather than mechanical work to drive the refrigeration process. This allows it to utilize the waste heat from the engine exhaust. The document then discusses the availability and temperature of waste heat from internal combustion engines. It provides details on the working principles of vapor absorption refrigeration and the common working fluids of ammonia and water. Finally, it summarizes the advantages of the proposed system and concludes that it is
IRJET- Performance and Evaluation of Aqua Ammonia Air Conditioner System ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the performance evaluation of an aqua-ammonia air conditioning system for automobiles that uses waste exhaust heat from the vehicle engine. The study examines how the generator and absorption refrigeration system can utilize the available waste heat. Results found that the cooling capacity was affected by the ammonia concentration and provided acceptable cooling between 1-1.5 tons. The coefficient of performance was highest at higher generator and evaporator temperatures but decreased with increasing condenser and absorber temperatures. Overall, the study shows that an aqua-ammonia vapor absorption system has the potential to provide air conditioning for vehicles using only waste exhaust heat from the engine.
Performance Analysis Methodology for Parabolic Dish Solar Concentrators for P...IOSR Journals
1) The document presents a performance analysis methodology developed for a parabolic dish solar concentrator (PDSC) system used for heating a thermic fluid for industrial process heating applications.
2) Key parameters that affect the performance of a PDSC system include design specifications, measured operating parameters, calculated parameters, and solar radiation geometry which depends on location.
3) The performance analysis methodology examines the role of each of these parameter types to evaluate a PDSC system's performance.
This document discusses organic Rankine cycle power generation. It describes the working principle, which involves using a pump to pressurize an organic fluid, heating it to vaporize it using a heat source, expanding the vapor through a turbine to produce power, and condensing the fluid to return it to the pump. Key components and considerations for the organic fluid and system design are discussed. Applications mentioned include waste heat recovery, biomass power, and solar power. Advantages include high efficiency and the ability to use low-grade heat sources.
Waste heat recovery, co geration and tri-generationAmol Kokare
Diploma in Mechanical Engg.
Babasaheb Phadtare Polytechnic, kalamb-walchandnagar
Sub- Power plant engineering
Unit-Waste heat recovery, co geration and tri-generation.
By- Prof. Kokare Amol Yashwant
An exhaust heat recovery system turns waste heat energy in exhaust gases into electric energy for batteries or mechanical energy put on the crankshaft.
The technology is of increasing interest as car and heavy-duty vehicle manufacturers continue to increase efficiency, saving fuel and reducing emissions.
While technological improvements have greatly reduced the fuel consumption of internal combustion engines, the peak thermal efficiency of a 4-stroke Otto cycle engine is around 35%, which means that 65% of the energy released from the fuel is lost as heat.
The increasingly worldwide problem regarding rapid economy development and a relative shortage of
energy. Out of the total heat supplied to the engine in the form of fuel, approximately, 30 to 40% is converted
into useful mechanical work. With the rapid changing environment and atmospheric effect, the air conditioning
of the moving vehicle has become a necessity. In the same time consumers are incapable to bear the increasing
operating cost of the vehicles due to continuous raise in fuel prices, component costs and maintenance costs
associated with vehicles. Keep in mind in this paper, an exploration has been done to research the possibility of
waste heat recovery and its subsequent utilization in air conditioning system of a vehicle without increasing the
component cost, weight, number of component and bring improvement in vehicle by making luxurious. In this
system the Shell and Tube HE type will be used, designed and developed along with vapour absorption
refrigeration system and is tested for performance.
Keywords — Eefficiency, Exhaust Gas, Waste Heat & Shell Tube HE.
Fossil fuel consumption in the recent years has been increasing and the burning of fossil fuel is said to be a major contributor towards global warming, acid rains, air, water and soil pollution, forest devastation and radioactive substances emissions. Besides the environment, the fossil fuel prices fluctuate considerably, usually going up and being very expensive in many countries.
Most importantly, the quantity of fossil fuels, like petroleum,natural gas, and coal can only decrease since they are non-renewable resources.
As a result many countries have been investing billions of dollars in new technologies and demand for sophisticated power supply options is greatly increased.
In a typical developed country as much as 40% of total fuel consumption is used for industrial and domestic space heating and process heating. Of this around one third is wasted.
Currently recovering low temperature heat which includes Industrial waste heat, geothermal energy, solar heat, biomass and so on could be a very critical and sustainable way to solve energy crisis. Utilising waste heats along with attempts for the use of renewable sources as low grade thermal heat has motivated us to develop a project based on ORC.
This document discusses different types of air conditioning systems. It describes window air conditioning systems, split systems, central air conditioning, and packaged systems. It also outlines the main components of refrigeration systems, including compressors, condenser coils, metering devices like thermal expansion valves, and evaporators. Finally, it covers the components and types of cooling towers, such as natural draft towers, mechanical draft towers, forced draft, and induced draft counter-flow designs.
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant Part 1Anurak Atthasit
Introduction to Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant. Describing the advantage and design limit of the CCGT. Overview of Brayton Cycle and Rankine Cycle - showing some basic thermodynamic to explain some background of CCGT.
WORKING OF HEAT PUMPS WITH (CO2) REFRIGERANT Swathi Rampur
The document discusses heat pumps, which transfer heat from one place to another against a temperature gradient using external energy. It describes the typical components of a heat pump - evaporator, compressor, condenser, expansion valve - and how they work together in the heating and cooling cycles. Carbon dioxide is highlighted as a natural, non-toxic refrigerant with advantages over traditional refrigerants like Freon, though it requires higher operating pressures. The document concludes that heat pumps using carbon dioxide as the refrigerant can provide efficient and environmentally friendly heating and cooling.
Make power out of your waste heat - Organic Rankine Cycle Sindhu Maiyya
How to utilize the waste heat generated by pretty much all the processes we engage in. An idea to convert the waste heat into useful power.
A presentation give in the finals of Schenider Electric Go Green in the City Challenge -2012
The document describes the design, construction, and testing of a parabolic trough solar collector system. It includes sections on system components, design using SolidWorks, assembly, objectives, work plan, formulas used, results comparing collector performance at different mass flow rates and using aluminum or mirror troughs, and conclusions. Testing showed maximum temperatures of 46.1-56.7°C depending on trough material and flow rate, with the mirror trough at 210 LPH performing best. The system could find applications in industrial processes requiring water below 80°C.
This document discusses optimizing the design of a heat pump system using fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms. It first provides background on heat pumps and their operation. It then describes using fuzzy logic to determine thermodynamic properties of refrigerants, which are important for heat pump performance simulation and optimization. Next, it outlines using a genetic algorithm to optimize parameters of an air-source heat pump system with R-404a refrigerant. Fuzzy logic was employed to predict refrigerant properties for use in the genetic algorithm optimization of the heat pump system design. The approach showed potential for simplifying heat pump system optimization.
Theoretical Analysis for Energy Consumption of a Circulation-Type Superheate...IJMER
Recycled waste material has recently become of interest because of the huge amount of
natural resource consumption worldwide. It is necessary to introduce a material recycle system in
municipal and industrial waste management. Quality improvement of oily metal waste disposed from
metalworking factories as recycling materials is one of the issues. Here, the degreasing system plays an
important role. In this paper, energy consumption of a circulation-type superheated steam degreasing
system was applied to oily metal waste disposed from a metalworking factory. This system was
compared to a once-through type superheated steam degreasing system. Flow rates of materials
applicable to the degreasing system were estimated based on preliminary experiments, and heat and
energy balances from the system were theoretically evaluated and compared between once-through and
circulation type systems. As a result, a circulation-type superheated steam waste degreasing system
that can process oily metal waste provides a promising energy-saving waste metal recycle system.
IJREI_A thermodynamic analysis of ejector type vapour refrigeration system us...Husain Mehdi
This document analyzes the thermodynamic performance of an ejector refrigeration cycle using various eco-friendly refrigerants (R-404A, R-410A, R-407C, etc.). It presents results from a numerical simulation that varied the boiler, condenser, and evaporator temperatures. The simulation found that R-404A achieved the highest COP and second law efficiency in many temperature ranges. R-410A achieved the highest refrigeration effect for all temperature ranges. In general, R-410A and R-404A performed best among the refrigerants analyzed, with R-410A having the best refrigeration effect and R-404A having the best COP and second law efficiency.
Experimental investigation of effectiveness of heat wheel as a rotory heat ex...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Elgen Tech - next generation Waste Heat to Power plantRussianCarbonFund
Next generation Waste Heat to Power plant seeks for investment.
About 50% of generated industrial energy is lost via waste heat streams. Our team developed next generation organic Rankine cycle power generation unit which converts 100 – 500 C° temperature heat into electrical energy with record efficiency – 28% and lowest installed costs on the market – 1500 USD per 1 kW. Our team seeks for investment which will be matched by Skolkovo Foundation grant.
The document discusses co-generation (also known as combined heat and power) as a promising technology to meet future energy demands while reducing dependence on imported oil. Co-generation improves efficiency by capturing waste heat from power generation and using it for industrial processes. This can increase overall efficiency to 80-85% compared to 36-58% for conventional separate power and heat generation. Co-generation also reduces emissions and costs by locating power plants near heat demand. The document outlines applications of co-generation in various sectors and its benefits including fuel savings, lower emissions, and increased efficiency.
Waste Heat Recovery System in Cement PlantAbdul Haseeb
This document discusses waste heat recovery (WHR) systems in cement plants. It describes how WHR can utilize the industrial waste heat generated during cement production through combined heat and power or cogeneration systems to produce steam or electricity. It notes that the rotary kiln in cement plants reaches temperatures of 1300-2200°C but this heat is usually lost to the environment. WHR technologies like organic Rankine cycle and waste heat boilers can capture up to 25% of rejected flue gases and exhaust air to generate additional energy. Industries like cement, glass, steel and refineries are examples where WHR is commonly used. Tri-generation or combined heat, power and cooling systems are also mentioned that simultaneously produce electricity,
Abstract: The conventional vehicle suspension dissipates the mechanical energy i.e. potential and kinetic energy. In spring potential energy is stored and kinetic energy is wasted. The aim of paper is this wasted energy is compressed by using single acting cylinder by proper arrangement. The main aim of this paper is the compressed air production using vehicle suspension is given to the air conditioning system. The pushing power is converted into compressed air energy by proper arrangement .The pneumatic single acting cylinder is used for this project to compress the air. The output air from the pneumatic cylinder is collected through quick exhaust valve and non return valve and this compressed air stored inside the storage tank. After this research we concluded in car there is a lot of fuel burn only for working of A.C. while driving the car. If A.C. will run on other system rather than fuel then there is lot of fuel save in car hence the efficiency of car will also increases.
The document discusses ozone science, including what ozone is, how it is created and destroyed, the ozone layer, the ozone hole, effects of ozone depletion, causes of depletion, and ways to save the ozone layer. Specifically, it explains that ozone is a gas that protects Earth from UV rays, the ozone layer blocks most UV-B and all UV-C radiation. The largest ozone hole is found over Antarctica due to cold temperatures and chemicals like CFCs from spray cans and refrigerants. Depletion allows more UV rays to reach the surface and harm life. The document recommends consumers support alternatives to ozone depleting substances to help preserve the protective ozone layer.
DEVELOPMENT OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM BASED ON VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATI...IAEME Publication
The air conditioning system of automobiles in today’s world uses “Vapour Compression Refrigerant System” (VCRS) which absorbs and removes heat from the interior of the vehicle. The
system utilizes power from engine shaft as the input power to drive the compressor of the refrigerant system. The loss of power of the engine to run the VCR system can be neglected by utilizing another refrigeration system i.e. a “Vapour Absorption Refrigerant System”.
Performance Analysis Methodology for Parabolic Dish Solar Concentrators for P...IOSR Journals
1) The document presents a performance analysis methodology developed for a parabolic dish solar concentrator (PDSC) system used for heating a thermic fluid for industrial process heating applications.
2) Key parameters that affect the performance of a PDSC system include design specifications, measured operating parameters, calculated parameters, and solar radiation geometry which depends on location.
3) The performance analysis methodology examines the role of each of these parameter types to evaluate a PDSC system's performance.
This document discusses organic Rankine cycle power generation. It describes the working principle, which involves using a pump to pressurize an organic fluid, heating it to vaporize it using a heat source, expanding the vapor through a turbine to produce power, and condensing the fluid to return it to the pump. Key components and considerations for the organic fluid and system design are discussed. Applications mentioned include waste heat recovery, biomass power, and solar power. Advantages include high efficiency and the ability to use low-grade heat sources.
Waste heat recovery, co geration and tri-generationAmol Kokare
Diploma in Mechanical Engg.
Babasaheb Phadtare Polytechnic, kalamb-walchandnagar
Sub- Power plant engineering
Unit-Waste heat recovery, co geration and tri-generation.
By- Prof. Kokare Amol Yashwant
An exhaust heat recovery system turns waste heat energy in exhaust gases into electric energy for batteries or mechanical energy put on the crankshaft.
The technology is of increasing interest as car and heavy-duty vehicle manufacturers continue to increase efficiency, saving fuel and reducing emissions.
While technological improvements have greatly reduced the fuel consumption of internal combustion engines, the peak thermal efficiency of a 4-stroke Otto cycle engine is around 35%, which means that 65% of the energy released from the fuel is lost as heat.
The increasingly worldwide problem regarding rapid economy development and a relative shortage of
energy. Out of the total heat supplied to the engine in the form of fuel, approximately, 30 to 40% is converted
into useful mechanical work. With the rapid changing environment and atmospheric effect, the air conditioning
of the moving vehicle has become a necessity. In the same time consumers are incapable to bear the increasing
operating cost of the vehicles due to continuous raise in fuel prices, component costs and maintenance costs
associated with vehicles. Keep in mind in this paper, an exploration has been done to research the possibility of
waste heat recovery and its subsequent utilization in air conditioning system of a vehicle without increasing the
component cost, weight, number of component and bring improvement in vehicle by making luxurious. In this
system the Shell and Tube HE type will be used, designed and developed along with vapour absorption
refrigeration system and is tested for performance.
Keywords — Eefficiency, Exhaust Gas, Waste Heat & Shell Tube HE.
Fossil fuel consumption in the recent years has been increasing and the burning of fossil fuel is said to be a major contributor towards global warming, acid rains, air, water and soil pollution, forest devastation and radioactive substances emissions. Besides the environment, the fossil fuel prices fluctuate considerably, usually going up and being very expensive in many countries.
Most importantly, the quantity of fossil fuels, like petroleum,natural gas, and coal can only decrease since they are non-renewable resources.
As a result many countries have been investing billions of dollars in new technologies and demand for sophisticated power supply options is greatly increased.
In a typical developed country as much as 40% of total fuel consumption is used for industrial and domestic space heating and process heating. Of this around one third is wasted.
Currently recovering low temperature heat which includes Industrial waste heat, geothermal energy, solar heat, biomass and so on could be a very critical and sustainable way to solve energy crisis. Utilising waste heats along with attempts for the use of renewable sources as low grade thermal heat has motivated us to develop a project based on ORC.
This document discusses different types of air conditioning systems. It describes window air conditioning systems, split systems, central air conditioning, and packaged systems. It also outlines the main components of refrigeration systems, including compressors, condenser coils, metering devices like thermal expansion valves, and evaporators. Finally, it covers the components and types of cooling towers, such as natural draft towers, mechanical draft towers, forced draft, and induced draft counter-flow designs.
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant Part 1Anurak Atthasit
Introduction to Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant. Describing the advantage and design limit of the CCGT. Overview of Brayton Cycle and Rankine Cycle - showing some basic thermodynamic to explain some background of CCGT.
WORKING OF HEAT PUMPS WITH (CO2) REFRIGERANT Swathi Rampur
The document discusses heat pumps, which transfer heat from one place to another against a temperature gradient using external energy. It describes the typical components of a heat pump - evaporator, compressor, condenser, expansion valve - and how they work together in the heating and cooling cycles. Carbon dioxide is highlighted as a natural, non-toxic refrigerant with advantages over traditional refrigerants like Freon, though it requires higher operating pressures. The document concludes that heat pumps using carbon dioxide as the refrigerant can provide efficient and environmentally friendly heating and cooling.
Make power out of your waste heat - Organic Rankine Cycle Sindhu Maiyya
How to utilize the waste heat generated by pretty much all the processes we engage in. An idea to convert the waste heat into useful power.
A presentation give in the finals of Schenider Electric Go Green in the City Challenge -2012
The document describes the design, construction, and testing of a parabolic trough solar collector system. It includes sections on system components, design using SolidWorks, assembly, objectives, work plan, formulas used, results comparing collector performance at different mass flow rates and using aluminum or mirror troughs, and conclusions. Testing showed maximum temperatures of 46.1-56.7°C depending on trough material and flow rate, with the mirror trough at 210 LPH performing best. The system could find applications in industrial processes requiring water below 80°C.
This document discusses optimizing the design of a heat pump system using fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms. It first provides background on heat pumps and their operation. It then describes using fuzzy logic to determine thermodynamic properties of refrigerants, which are important for heat pump performance simulation and optimization. Next, it outlines using a genetic algorithm to optimize parameters of an air-source heat pump system with R-404a refrigerant. Fuzzy logic was employed to predict refrigerant properties for use in the genetic algorithm optimization of the heat pump system design. The approach showed potential for simplifying heat pump system optimization.
Theoretical Analysis for Energy Consumption of a Circulation-Type Superheate...IJMER
Recycled waste material has recently become of interest because of the huge amount of
natural resource consumption worldwide. It is necessary to introduce a material recycle system in
municipal and industrial waste management. Quality improvement of oily metal waste disposed from
metalworking factories as recycling materials is one of the issues. Here, the degreasing system plays an
important role. In this paper, energy consumption of a circulation-type superheated steam degreasing
system was applied to oily metal waste disposed from a metalworking factory. This system was
compared to a once-through type superheated steam degreasing system. Flow rates of materials
applicable to the degreasing system were estimated based on preliminary experiments, and heat and
energy balances from the system were theoretically evaluated and compared between once-through and
circulation type systems. As a result, a circulation-type superheated steam waste degreasing system
that can process oily metal waste provides a promising energy-saving waste metal recycle system.
IJREI_A thermodynamic analysis of ejector type vapour refrigeration system us...Husain Mehdi
This document analyzes the thermodynamic performance of an ejector refrigeration cycle using various eco-friendly refrigerants (R-404A, R-410A, R-407C, etc.). It presents results from a numerical simulation that varied the boiler, condenser, and evaporator temperatures. The simulation found that R-404A achieved the highest COP and second law efficiency in many temperature ranges. R-410A achieved the highest refrigeration effect for all temperature ranges. In general, R-410A and R-404A performed best among the refrigerants analyzed, with R-410A having the best refrigeration effect and R-404A having the best COP and second law efficiency.
Experimental investigation of effectiveness of heat wheel as a rotory heat ex...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Elgen Tech - next generation Waste Heat to Power plantRussianCarbonFund
Next generation Waste Heat to Power plant seeks for investment.
About 50% of generated industrial energy is lost via waste heat streams. Our team developed next generation organic Rankine cycle power generation unit which converts 100 – 500 C° temperature heat into electrical energy with record efficiency – 28% and lowest installed costs on the market – 1500 USD per 1 kW. Our team seeks for investment which will be matched by Skolkovo Foundation grant.
The document discusses co-generation (also known as combined heat and power) as a promising technology to meet future energy demands while reducing dependence on imported oil. Co-generation improves efficiency by capturing waste heat from power generation and using it for industrial processes. This can increase overall efficiency to 80-85% compared to 36-58% for conventional separate power and heat generation. Co-generation also reduces emissions and costs by locating power plants near heat demand. The document outlines applications of co-generation in various sectors and its benefits including fuel savings, lower emissions, and increased efficiency.
Waste Heat Recovery System in Cement PlantAbdul Haseeb
This document discusses waste heat recovery (WHR) systems in cement plants. It describes how WHR can utilize the industrial waste heat generated during cement production through combined heat and power or cogeneration systems to produce steam or electricity. It notes that the rotary kiln in cement plants reaches temperatures of 1300-2200°C but this heat is usually lost to the environment. WHR technologies like organic Rankine cycle and waste heat boilers can capture up to 25% of rejected flue gases and exhaust air to generate additional energy. Industries like cement, glass, steel and refineries are examples where WHR is commonly used. Tri-generation or combined heat, power and cooling systems are also mentioned that simultaneously produce electricity,
Abstract: The conventional vehicle suspension dissipates the mechanical energy i.e. potential and kinetic energy. In spring potential energy is stored and kinetic energy is wasted. The aim of paper is this wasted energy is compressed by using single acting cylinder by proper arrangement. The main aim of this paper is the compressed air production using vehicle suspension is given to the air conditioning system. The pushing power is converted into compressed air energy by proper arrangement .The pneumatic single acting cylinder is used for this project to compress the air. The output air from the pneumatic cylinder is collected through quick exhaust valve and non return valve and this compressed air stored inside the storage tank. After this research we concluded in car there is a lot of fuel burn only for working of A.C. while driving the car. If A.C. will run on other system rather than fuel then there is lot of fuel save in car hence the efficiency of car will also increases.
The document discusses ozone science, including what ozone is, how it is created and destroyed, the ozone layer, the ozone hole, effects of ozone depletion, causes of depletion, and ways to save the ozone layer. Specifically, it explains that ozone is a gas that protects Earth from UV rays, the ozone layer blocks most UV-B and all UV-C radiation. The largest ozone hole is found over Antarctica due to cold temperatures and chemicals like CFCs from spray cans and refrigerants. Depletion allows more UV rays to reach the surface and harm life. The document recommends consumers support alternatives to ozone depleting substances to help preserve the protective ozone layer.
DEVELOPMENT OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM BASED ON VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATI...IAEME Publication
The air conditioning system of automobiles in today’s world uses “Vapour Compression Refrigerant System” (VCRS) which absorbs and removes heat from the interior of the vehicle. The
system utilizes power from engine shaft as the input power to drive the compressor of the refrigerant system. The loss of power of the engine to run the VCR system can be neglected by utilizing another refrigeration system i.e. a “Vapour Absorption Refrigerant System”.
Development of vapour absorption refrigeration system in vehiclesAshish Singh
This document discusses the development of a vapor absorption refrigeration system for use in vehicles. It begins with an introduction that explains vapor absorption and vapor compression refrigeration systems. The objectives are to lower the vehicle's temperature using waste heat from the engine. Literature on previous related projects is reviewed. The proposed system would use a generator heated by exhaust gases to power the vapor absorption cycle. Performance is analyzed considering temperatures and heat transfer. Components are specified and costs are estimated. A timeline is provided. The vapor absorption system could utilize otherwise wasted engine heat to provide cooling, reducing fuel costs compared to vapor compression.
Automotive air conditioning system chapter 1norsyukriah
The document summarizes the basic components and operation of an automobile air conditioning system. It describes how refrigerants like R-12 and R-134a are used in the refrigeration cycle to absorb heat from the air and cool the interior. The cooling system involves a compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator to circulate the refrigerant and lower the air temperature. Air conditioners also include a blower, vents, dampers, and controls to circulate and distribute the cooled air throughout the vehicle cabin.
This document discusses solar air conditioning systems. It describes how solar energy can be used for heating and cooling, including providing refrigeration and air conditioning. It then discusses two main types of refrigeration cycles - vapor compression and vapor absorption. Vapor absorption cycles use heat rather than mechanical energy to power the refrigeration process. The document goes on to describe four methods of solar air conditioning: using desiccants, passive solar cooling, solar thermal cooling, and photovoltaic solar cooling. It provides details on each method and notes that solar air conditioning using desiccants has advantages over the other methods in terms of lower cost, lower collector temperature requirements, smaller collector size, and ability to operate at night and in cloudy conditions.
Ramesh Kumar Sharma presented on HVAC systems for green buildings. He discussed centralized and localized AC options like chilled water, DX, VRF systems. He covered GRIHA rating criteria and designing efficient HVAC systems using techniques like variable speed pumps and fans, optimized insulation and refrigerants. NTPC is aiming for minimum 3-star GRIHA rating in all upcoming project buildings.
Cooling of a truck cabin by vapour absorption refrigeration system using engi...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document discusses different types of air conditioning systems and their components. It describes window air conditioning systems, split air conditioning systems, centralized air conditioning systems, and packaged air conditioning systems. It also discusses new technologies like district cooling systems and chilled beam systems. The cooling cycle/refrigeration cycle is explained through its key components: compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. Requirements for coolants used in air conditioning systems are outlined.
Design and Analysis of Car Air-conditioning system using exhust gases.pptxPriyank901935
Currently running automobile in market are uses power from engine to run Air-conditioning system. But, we have done theoretical analysis that runs Air-conditioning system of car with the help of exhust gases which is generated by the engine. We have make use of fundamentals of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration system based on Aqua-Ammonia. It has been found out that this system is suitable for big automobile wheres space is no issue.
This document describes the development of an air conditioning system for automobiles based on a vapor absorption refrigeration cycle. The system uses exhaust gases from the engine as a heat source to power the vapor absorption cycle, eliminating the need for mechanical power from the engine. The experimental setup used R134a as the refrigerant and DMF as the absorbent. Calculations were presented showing the system could achieve a coefficient of performance of 2.41 using these working fluids with temperatures of 363K for the generator, 311K for the condenser, and 292K for the evaporator. Graphs of performance metrics like COP versus temperature demonstrated the relationships between variables. The conclusion was that the system could successfully use wasted engine heat to provide air conditioning
The air conditioning system of automobiles in today’s world uses “Vapour Compression
Refrigerant System” (VCRS) which absorbs and removes heat from the interior of the vehicle. The
system utilizes power from engine shaft as the input power to drive the compressor of the refrigerant
system. The loss of power of the engine to run the VCR system can be neglected by utilizing another
refrigeration system i.e. a “Vapour Absorption Refrigerant System”. In a Vapour Absorption
Refrigerant System, a physicochemical process replaces the mechanical process of the Vapour
Compression Refrigerant System by using energy in the form of heat rather than mechanical work.
The experimental work to utilize the waste heat from exhaust gases from an engine for the vapour
absorption refrigerant system with R-134a as refrigerant and DMF as absorbent. The experimental
results indicated that vehicle performance enhances, noise reduces, maintenance becomes easier, and
highly reliable. The data obtained from experimentation is presented analyzed in this paper.
This document summarizes the design of an air conditioning system for cooling the cabin of a truck using an air refrigeration cycle. The system uses a turbocharger and waste exhaust gases from the truck engine. Atmospheric air is compressed using the turbocharger and sent to an intercooler to reduce its temperature. It is then expanded in a turbo-expander to further lower its temperature before being supplied to the truck cabin. Thermodynamic and heat transfer analyses are presented to evaluate the performance of the system components and the cooling capacity. The results show that the air refrigeration cycle can provide enough cooling to lower the truck cabin temperature by 10-15°C without significantly impacting engine performance.
The document describes a water cooling system that uses engine exhaust heat from a two-wheeler engine. The system uses an adsorber bed filled with activated carbon to adsorb R134a refrigerant. Exhaust from the engine passes through the adsorber bed, heating it and causing the refrigerant to evaporate. The evaporated refrigerant then passes through a coil that acts as an evaporator, cooling water passed through it. After condensing, the refrigerant is expanded through a valve and re-adsorbed in the bed, completing the cycle. Experimental results showed the system could cool 2 liters of water to 19°C within 30 minutes, using only waste heat from the engine exhaust. The system provides
This document summarizes research on modeling and experimentally analyzing a generator for a vapor absorption refrigeration system. The researchers designed a prototype system using heat from exhaust gases to vaporize an ammonia-water working fluid in a plate heat exchanger generator, replacing a heating coil generator typically used. They analyzed the available heat in exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine and modeled the plate heat exchanger. The document describes the components and working of an ammonia-water vapor absorption refrigeration system, specifications of the internal combustion engine used, design calculations for the plate generator, and presents conclusions on utilizing exhaust heat and further modeling needed.
This document summarizes research on modeling and experimentally analyzing a generator for a vapor absorption refrigeration system. The researchers designed a prototype system using heat from exhaust gases to vaporize an ammonia-water working fluid in a plate heat exchanger generator, replacing a heating coil generator typically used. They analyzed the available heat in exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine and modeled the plate heat exchanger. The document describes the components and working of an ammonia-water vapor absorption refrigeration system, specifications of the internal combustion engine used, design calculations for the plate generator, and presents conclusions on utilizing exhaust heat and further modeling needed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses waste heat recovery techniques in car engines and the role of nanotechnology applications. It describes how up to 70% of energy in internal combustion engines is wasted as heat in exhaust and coolant systems. Various waste heat recovery technologies are examined, including thermoelectric generators, Rankine cycles, organic Rankine cycles, and turbocharging. Nanotechnology can improve heat transfer by using nanofluids with higher thermal conductivity in coolant systems. Recovering even a portion of wasted heat could improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions.
Recovery of Engine Waste Heat for Reutilization in Air Conditioning System in...Joel John
The document proposes recovering engine waste heat in an automobile to power an air conditioning system using vapor absorption refrigeration. It begins with an introduction discussing how air conditioning has become necessary in vehicles and how operating costs are increasing. It then reviews vapor compression and absorption refrigeration systems, engine cooling systems, and compares the two refrigeration methods. The objectives are to identify waste in traditional vapor compression systems, compare characteristics to the proposed vapor absorption system, and analyze strategies to reduce refrigeration costs in vehicles. A literature review found works on using exhaust heat for adsorption cooling but no significant work recovering engine heat for vehicle air conditioning.
Analysis of recoverable exhaust energy from a light duty gasoline engine by u...ijctet
This document reviews methods of recovering exhaust energy from internal combustion engines using heat pipes. It discusses how heat pipes effectively transfer heat from exhaust gases to a condenser region, enhancing engine thermal performance. The document examines several studies on recovering exhaust waste heat using Rankine cycle systems and heat pipes. These studies found that waste heat recovery can increase engine fuel efficiency by 3-34% and power output by up to 20%, depending on the system and engine operating conditions. Recovering just 6% of exhaust heat energy could result in a 10% reduction in fuel consumption. The document concludes that heat pipe waste heat recovery systems show promising potential but require further research.
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on waste heat recovery systems in heavy vehicles. It discusses how internal combustion engines lose up to 50% of their fuel energy as heat in the exhaust and cooling systems. A Rankine cycle system is proposed to recover this waste heat by using the exhaust gases as a heat source. The system would include a turbine, pump, condenser and boiler. The presentation estimates through a case study that a waste heat recovery system could recover over 2.9 million BTU per hour from a truck engine, improving its efficiency. It concludes that significant fuel savings and emissions reductions are possible with waste heat recovery systems in heavy vehicles.
Design and Development of Small Scale VAR System by Using Exhaust Gas of IC E...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on using waste heat from an internal combustion (IC) engine exhaust to power an absorption refrigeration system for vehicle air conditioning. The researchers conducted an experiment on a 4-cylinder diesel engine and measured exhaust temperatures from 85-223°C under different loads. They calculated that 101 kJ/min of heat is carried away in the exhaust gases. The document then reviews previous studies on using exhaust heat for vehicle air conditioning and absorption refrigeration systems. It also presents heat load calculations for a vehicle cabin, showing a total cooling load of around 2,154 kJ needed between 10am-4pm. The goal is to use the waste exhaust heat to meet this cooling load through an absorption refrigeration system
Review of Modified Vapor Absorption Refrigeration CyclesIRJET Journal
This document reviews various modifications made to vapor absorption refrigeration cycles to improve their performance. It discusses cycles that use an ejector, generator-absorber heat exchanger, booster compressor, or multiple absorption stages. The ejector cycle is found to have a 30% higher COP than a single-effect cycle. Generator-absorber heat exchanger cycles like the hybrid GAX cycle can achieve a COP as high as 0.98. A cycle with a booster compressor between the evaporator and absorber reaches a maximum COP of 0.645. The triple effect cycle demonstrates up to 132% higher COP than a single effect cycle. In general, modified cycles offer benefits like reduced losses, increased performance, and decreased energy consumption
IRJET- Exhaust Gas Heat Utilization for Air ConditioningIRJET Journal
The article discusses international issues. It mentions that globalization has increased economic interdependence between nations while also raising complex policy challenges. Cultural values and priorities sometimes differ between countries, requiring diplomacy and compromise to solve problems in a cooperative manner.
The document describes the experimental setup of a compressed air vehicle that uses compressed air instead of fuel combustion to power an engine. A double acting pneumatic cylinder is used to create reciprocating motion when supplied with compressed air from an air compressor. This reciprocating motion is converted to rotary motion using a connecting rod and crankshaft, which can then power vehicle wheels. The key components of the system include the pneumatic cylinder, solenoid valves, relay sensors, relief valves, connecting rod, crankshaft, and air flow tubes. The working principle involves compressed air entering the cylinder to move the piston and crankshaft on the intake stroke, then expanding on the power stroke. This eliminates combustion emissions compared to
A OVERVIEW OF THE RANKIN CYCLE-BASED HEAT EXCHANGER USED IN INTERNAL COMBUSTI...IAEME Publication
The majority of the heat produced by automobiles, primarily by diesel engines, is squandered in various ways. If this waste heat is collected, it can be applied in a variety of other ways. Recently, increased emphasis has been placed on the global issue of rapid economic growth, a relative energy scarcity, internal combustion engine exhaust waste heat, and environmental degradation. The remaining heat is released into the environment through exhaust gases and engine cooling systems, leading to an increase in entropy and significant environmental pollution, so it is necessary to convert waste heat into useful work. Of the total heat supplied to the engine in the form of fuel, approximately 30 to 40% is converted into useful mechanical work. At 4000 RPM, the exhaust gas temperature is at its highest. So a recovery system is created for a constant RPM of 4000. A shell and tube heat exchanger and a uniflow steam engine connected to the main engine make up the recovery system. By reducing the frictional power at the main engine's power stroke and idle stroke, the linked steam engine increases the efficiency of the main engine. Due to the additional recovery system, the system's initial cost is significant. But over time, the system turns out to be profitable.
THERMAL INVESTIGATION ON OPEN CYCLE DESICCANT COOLING AIR CONDITIONINGIjripublishers Ijri
In hot and humid countries like India, Air-conditioning systems of solid desiccant dehumidification based on direct
evaporative cooling can be an effective alternative to the existing vapor compression refrigeration air conditioning due
to its various advantages in, decreasing latent load of air, environmentally friendly, no pollutants in the process air,
decreeing power utilization and finally the equipment cost is much lower. This project first deeply explains about recent
researches and developments in solid desiccant dehumidification combined with direct evaporative cooling technologies.
A basic description of the principle operation for solid desiccants and different types of desiccant materials is given first.
Next, solid desiccant dehumidification system design and working process is included.
Reducing ac power consumption by compressor downsizing on a sportArun Prakash
This document discusses reducing air conditioning (AC) power consumption in vehicles by downsizing the AC compressor. It describes testing conducted on a sports utility vehicle (SUV) originally equipped with a 170 cc/rev reciprocating piston compressor. The study involved experimentally evaluating three compressors: 1) the original 170 cc compressor, 2) a 130 cc reciprocating compressor, and 3) a 90 cc rotary scroll compressor. The compressors were tested at the component, system, and vehicle levels. Results showed the 130 cc compressor reduced power consumption by 5-18% compared to the 170 cc compressor at the component level. At the system level, the 130 cc compressor maintained equivalent cooling to the 170 cc compressor after optimizing other system components
Similar to Integrated Air Conditioning Unit for Automobiles (20)
Security Issues in Biomedical Wireless Sensor Networks Applications: A SurveyIJARTES
Abstract The use of wireless sensor networks in healthcare
applications is growing in a fast pace. Numerous applications
such as heart rate monitor, blood pressure monitor and
endoscopic capsule are already in use. To address the growing
use of sensor technology in this area, a new field known as
wireless body area networks has emerged. As most devices
and their applications are wireless in nature, security and
privacy concerns are among major areas of concern. Body
area networks can collect information about an individual’s
health, fitness and energy expenditure. Comprising body
sensors that communicate wirelessly with the patients
control device for monitoring and external communication.
This paper provides the challenges of using the wireless
sensor network in biomedical field and how to solve most of
these issues. To analyze the different security strategies in
Wireless Sensor Networks and propose this system to give
highest quality medical care with full security in their
reliability
Surface Traping in Silicon Nanowire Dual material engineered Cylindrical gate...IJARTES
In this paper, the effect of gate field screening by surface
trap charges are studied using COMSOL 5.0. A nano wire
dual material Cylindrical gate (DMCG) MOSFET is
modeled and shift of turn on voltage due to the screening
effect is computed. It is shown that DMCG design increase
the drain current enhancement .However here the concept
of work function difference also present in term of gate bias
and comprehensive study of short channel effect of DMCG
has been focused .The objective of this paper is focus on
Current vs Gate voltage, Energy Band diagram,
CurrentDensity, electron and hole concentration and
Electric field when MOSFET is turn on. It is also examined
that Cylindrical MOSFET the minimum surface potential in
the channel reduces which resulting increasing in electron
velocity and thereby improving carrier transport efficiency.
1) The document presents a framework for automatic generation control (AGC) in a two-area restructured power system with non-linear governor characteristics, including hydro-hydro systems.
2) It models the addition of a frequency stabilizer equipped with an energy storage system to stabilize frequency and tie-line power oscillations under disturbances.
3) The gains of controllers and parameters of the stabilizer are optimized using genetic algorithms. Simulations show the response of the optimized load frequency controller under different transactions in the restructured electricity market.
Study and Analysis on Heat Treatment Process and Microstructure of Low Carbon...IJARTES
The document summarizes a study on the heat treatment process and microstructure of low carbon steel. It describes various heat treatment processes like annealing, normalizing, hardening, austempering, and tempering. Experimental details are provided on specimen preparation, heat treatment processes, hardness and tensile testing, and microstructure analysis. Results show that hardness decreases and ductility increases with higher tempering temperature and longer time. Austempering provides an optimal combination of properties. Microstructure analysis found that martensite fraction increases with higher annealing temperature. In conclusion, mechanical properties vary by heat treatment process, and austempering yields the best balance of properties for many applications.
Integration of Other Software Components with the Agricultural Expert Systems...IJARTES
Expert System is a rapidly growing technology in
the field of Artificial Intelligence. It is a computer program
which captures the knowledge of a human expert on a given
problem, and uses this knowledge to solve problems in a
fashion similar to the expert. The system can assist the expert
during problem-solving, or act in the place of the expert in
those situations where the expertise is lacking. Expert systems
have been developed in such diverse areas as agriculture,
science, engineering, business, and medicine. In these areas,
they have increased the quality, efficiency, and competitive
leverage of the organizations employing the technology. This
paper highlights the major characteristics of expert systems,
reviews several systems developed for application in the area
of agriculture and an overview about the integration of other
software components with the agricultural expert systems.
Short term Multi Chain Hydrothermal Scheduling Using Modified Gravitational S...IJARTES
This paper proposes the modified Gravitational
search algorithm (GSA) to solve short term multi chain
hydrothermal scheduling problem while satisfying all
operational and physical constraints. The effect of the valve
point loading has been considered. Gravitational search
algorithm is based on the Newton’s law of gravitation. All
objects attract each other and global movement is towards
the heavier masses .However GSA has certain randomness
in search direction resulting in the weak local search ability.
In modified GSA, a time varying maximum velocity equation
is used which controls the exploration and improves the
convergence rate which strengthens its local search ability
and the quality of the hydrothermal solution.
Investigation of Heat Dissipation in Petrol Engine Cylinder during Explosion ...IJARTES
The current work determines the rate of heat flow
from an engine cylinder. The heat addition during the heat
addition stage or during explosion is determined by using the
classical equations. The heat dissipation from the cylinder is
enhanced by the fins provided around the cylinder. The results
which are obtained are validated with the finite element
analysis software ANSYS APDL. A study is conducted by
considering various materials to obtain optimum material
selection to enhance the better flow of heat from the system.
Power Generation from Speed Breaker Using Crank ShaftIJARTES
Power Generation from Speed Breaker Using
Crank Shaft
This paper attempts to show how energy can
tapped and used at a commonly used system the load speed
breaker. As the demand of electric power is increasing day-byday
for the working of various appliances. Producing
electricity from various sources is needed like from a speed
breaker is a new concept that is an undergoing research. The
number of vehicles on road is increase rapidly and if we
convert some of the kinetic energy of this vehicle into
rotational motion of roller then we can produce considerable
amount of electricity. The demand of the hour is to have some
source of green energy which can be produce with less (or) no
harmful by-products. Our project is to develop an alternative
green source of energy by moving vehicles on the road ways
Influence of Process Parameters on AA7075 in TIG WeldingIJARTES
Influence of Process Parameters on AA7075 in
TIG Welding
Aluminium Alloy is containing high strength,
light weight and good Corrosion resistance. Then Gas
tungsten arc welding (GTAW) is an important joining
method for high strength aluminium alloys using
applications in transport applications like that marine,
aerospace, bicycle components, marine Engine components,
External throw away tanks for military aircrafts and other
industries. Gas tungsten arc welding have been used to
investigate the Weldability of high strength aluminium
alloys. Some important GTAW process parameters and their
effects on weld quality are discussed. Mechanical properties
of welds such as tensile strength and hardness properties are
discussed. The aim of the report is to investigation in GTAW
of high strength aluminium alloy 7075 and to provide a basis
for follow-on research.
The document discusses stress analysis and durability studies of spur gears using finite element analysis tools. It outlines how FEA can be used to model contact stresses and bending stresses in gears to better understand gear failure from factors like pitting. The analysis aims to reduce transmission error and thereby noise generated by more accurately predicting stresses, stiffness, and life of gears.
Ijartes v2-i1-001Evaluation of Changeability Indicator in Component Based Sof...IJARTES
The maintaining of software system is a major
cost concern. The maintaining of a software system depends
on how the changes made to it. The maintainability of a system
depending on the folw of software, its design pattern and
CBSS. In Maintainability phase of a sotware system there are
4 parts, like analyzing, testing, stability, and changes made to
it. In some side areas, these systems emerged very rapidly.
There are many companies which purchase software instead
of developing it .These companies do not have any interst in
the testing of the system but wants to like smoothness in the
flow of the system during changes.
Changeability is one of the characteristics of maintainability.
Software changeability is associated with refactoring which
makes code simpler and easier to maintain (enable all
programmers to improve their code).Factors that affect
changeability include coupling between the modules, lack of
code comments, naming of functions and variables.
Basically,”changeabilty” is the ability of a product or software
to be able to change the structure of the program. It is the rate
the product allows the modification to its components.
In this paper changeability based cost estimation is done.
Initially we take four components; these components are
evaluated based on the coupling, cohesion and Interface
metrix. Next some changes are made to the existing
components and than again these components are evaluated.
Now, on the basis of these two evaluations some conclusion is
made for changeability cost.
Web Personalization Using Usage Based Clustering
In today’s internet environment it is more difficult to
access the relevant information from the web. Because
www is a vast data warehouse of web pages and links .On
internet huge amount of information is available which
are approximately 1 millions of pages are added day to
day. To get the “right” information from such warehouse
to the user and to avoid website exploration web
personalization get needed. It is the life blood of web
usages mining and e-learning process to improve the
system and its design as per the user’s interest. It acts as
a tool to avoid the content over loading on websites for
effective web navigation. Here we present web
personalization which introduces web mining that is
application of a data mining.
The document describes an Adaptive Source Provision System (ASPS) proposed to control traffic rates and ensure load balancing in WiMAX networks. The system considers relay stations and uses an adaptive resource management approach. When new users arrive, their data rates are computed and compared to relay station data rates. If a user's rate is lower, the base station's rate is also compared. Connections are switched from congested to non-congested stations to minimize network load and balance traffic. The system aims to improve traffic management and load balancing compared to existing approaches.
This document summarizes research on enhancing the DSR routing protocol to prevent distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It discusses how DDoS attacks work, the challenges they present for MANETs due to their dynamic nature, and existing research on DDoS attack detection and prevention. The document reviews literature on analyzing DDoS attack behaviors and properties, characterizing attack traffic patterns, and using statistical analysis and neural networks to identify attacks. The goal of the research is to develop an enhanced DSR protocol that can detect and mitigate DDoS attacks in MANETs more effectively than previous approaches.
This document compares four clustering algorithms (K-means, hierarchical, EM, and density-based) using the WEKA tool. It applies the algorithms to a dataset of software classes and evaluates them based on number of clusters, time to build models, squared errors, and log likelihood. The results show that K-means performs best in terms of time to build models, while density-based clustering performs best in terms of log likelihood. Overall, the document concludes that K-means is the best algorithm for this dataset because it balances low runtime and good clustering accuracy.
This document discusses surface reconstruction from point cloud data. It describes how surface reconstruction involves three phases: initial surface estimation, mesh optimization, and smooth surface optimization. The crust algorithm and umbrella filtering are discussed as methods for surface reconstruction from point clouds. Challenges in surface reconstruction like noise, lack of normal vectors, non-uniform sampling, and holes are also outlined. The document reviews several related studies on surface reconstruction techniques.
This document analyzes power density in LTE femtocells. It discusses how femtocells can be deployed to improve coverage in areas where LTE networks have little to no coverage, such as inside buildings. The document describes an experiment conducted using NS-3 simulation software to analyze how transmitted power and power consumption are affected by increasing the number of femtocells. The results show that transmitted power increases linearly with additional femtocells up to a threshold, but rises more sharply above the threshold, while power consumption increases linearly with no sharp rises.
Gas agency management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The project entitled "Gas Agency" is done to make the manual process easier by making it a computerized system for billing and maintaining stock. The Gas Agencies get the order request through phone calls or by personal from their customers and deliver the gas cylinders to their address based on their demand and previous delivery date. This process is made computerized and the customer's name, address and stock details are stored in a database. Based on this the billing for a customer is made simple and easier, since a customer order for gas can be accepted only after completing a certain period from the previous delivery. This can be calculated and billed easily through this. There are two types of delivery like domestic purpose use delivery and commercial purpose use delivery. The bill rate and capacity differs for both. This can be easily maintained and charged accordingly.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...Prakhyath Rai
Software Testing: A Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object -Oriented Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging.
Agile Methodology: Before Agile – Waterfall, Agile Development.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.