This document provides information on techniques for individual counseling, including paraphrasing, perception checking, and empathy. Paraphrasing involves restating the important details of what a client says in the counselor's own words to clarify understanding. Perception checking is verifying a counselor's understanding of a client's words or behaviors by describing what was observed, providing possible interpretations, and requesting clarification. Empathy involves understanding a client's feelings and experiences from their perspective without judgment to build rapport and encourage self-exploration. These techniques help counselors understand clients and resolve issues through clarification rather than giving advice.

1. ABA2093
TECHNIC AND PROCESS
INDIVIDUAL COUNSELING
NUR AZZAH BT AB RAHIM
1120813
WAHIDAH BT GANTALA
1120804

2. TOPICS

PARAPHRASING
 PERCEPTION CHECKING
 EMPATHY

3. PARAPHRASING
 Meaning:
skill to draw out the really important details
of what the client is saying.
 Purpose:
to clarify and understand what client has said
 Also
called as reflection of content that
involve the client’s experience and thought.

4. How to paraphrase??
 Counselor should
pay attention of what the client
is saying.
 Counselor have
to choose the important content of
what the client has said.
 Re-expresses the
content in the counselor’s own
word.
 Don’t
 Use
repeat word by word what client said.
the appropriate words to paraphrases

5. Example of paraphrasing
Client statement:“Yesterday I rushed around, I
seemed to have no time to myself, I went
from one place to another and it was really
hard to fit everything in.”
Counselor response: “you had a very full day
yesterday.”

6. Paraphrasing Outcomes

Help client think clearly about what he/she had said;

Enabled client to continue talking about the same issue in a
constructive way;

Client can understand what exactly her/his problem
properly;

Client can resolve her/his problem without the counselor
give advice;

Show that counselor understand and pay attention to what
the client has said.

7. PERCEPTION CHECKING
&
EXAMPLES

8. Perception Checking

A perception checking statement is a message you
create to check your understanding of someone’s words
or behavior.

The benefits of perception checking statements include:
a) helping us decode messages more accurately: Our
goal is mutual understanding
b) reducing defensiveness & the potential for conflict:
helps us avoid assuming too much.

9. Continue..

Perception Checking has 3 parts:
Description
- provide a description of the behavior
you noticed.
Interpretation -
provide two possible
interpretations of the behavior.
Clarification -
request clarification from the person
about the behavior & your interpretations.

10. Perception Checking Example 1

a) Description of behavior noticed
When you walked out of the room without saying
“goodbye...”

b) Two possible interpretations of behavior
“I didn’t know if you were mad at me”
“or if you were in a hurry and forgot.”

c) Request for clarification
“What was up?”

11. Perception Checking Example 2
a)
Description of behavior noticed
“You haven’t called in the few days"
b) Two
possible interpretations of behavior
I am not sure whether you’re upset with me
or you’ve been busy
c)
Request for clarification
What’s going on?”

12. EMPATHY

13. EMPATHY
 Empathy
is considered the most important core
condition in terms of promoting positive outcomes.
 Egan
(2002) describes empathic understanding as a
process that involves listening, understanding
and
communicating that understanding to the client.
 Empathic
understanding can be understood as a
multistage process.

Several kinds of empathy : primary empathy and
advanced empathy.

14. Empathy

Definition:
 The
counselor understands the client's feeling and
experiences within the client's frame of reference and
communicates that understanding without judgment.
 ability
to understand the feelings, attitudes, roles and
perceptions and world of another. The counselor uses
an "as if" quality to sensing the client's world as
one's own.

15.  Purpose
: to establish rapport, gain an understanding of the
client, and encourage self-exploration in the client.
 The
goal of empathy is to move the client toward
identifying and exploring crucial topics and feelings.
 Carl
Rogers described empathy as the capacity:
-to assume the internal frame of the client,
-to perceive the world as the client sees it, and the client as he
or she perceives themselves,
-to lay aside perceptions from external frames of reference
during this time,
-and to communicate this understanding back to the client.

16. Empathic understanding as a multistage
process

Gladstein (1983) identifies the following stages of
empathy: the counselor has an emotional reaction to
the client's situation, the counselor attempts to
understand the client's situation from the client's
perspective, the counselor communicates empathy
to the client, and the client feels a sense of caring
and understanding from the counselor.

17. There are several kind of empathy :

Primary empathy : A process that involves the
counselor attending, listening, and
communicating accurate perceptions of the
client's messages.

Advanced empathy : Involves the characteristics
associated with primary empathy as well as
utilizing the skills of self-disclosure, directives,
or interpretations.

18.  To
avoid overwhelming the client and evoking
resistance, the counselor’s empathetic responses
should be tentative and cautious.
 Leads
such as:
- “ From what you have said…,”
- “ Could it be that...?”
- “ It seems as if…,”

19. THAT’S ALL
THANK YOU…