Person-centred therapy, also known as person-centred or client-centred counselling, is a humanistic approach that deals with the ways in which individuals perceive themselves consciously, rather than how a counsellor can interpret their unconscious thoughts or ideas.
The core purpose of person-centred therapy is to facilitate our ability to self-actualise - the belief that all of us will grow and fulfil our potential. This approach facilitates the personal growth and relationships of a client by allowing them to explore and utilise their own strengths and personal identity. The counsellor aids this process, providing vital support to the client and they make their way through this journey.
This is a presentation regarding Albert Ellis' REBT. Ellis' model teaches us to dispute irrational beliefs and replace them with rational ones to experience effective change.
Presented during the Psychology Congress, Lyceum of the Philippines, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines, October 8, 2009.
Looking for customized in-house training sessions that fit your needs, particularly in the Philippines? Please send me an email at clarencegapostol@gmail.com or WhatsApp +971507678124. When your request is received I will follow up with you as soon as possible.Thank you!
This is a presentation regarding Albert Ellis' REBT. Ellis' model teaches us to dispute irrational beliefs and replace them with rational ones to experience effective change.
Presented during the Psychology Congress, Lyceum of the Philippines, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines, October 8, 2009.
Looking for customized in-house training sessions that fit your needs, particularly in the Philippines? Please send me an email at clarencegapostol@gmail.com or WhatsApp +971507678124. When your request is received I will follow up with you as soon as possible.Thank you!
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is a type cognitive therapy first used by Albert Ellis which focuses on resolving emotional and behavioral problems. The goal of the therapy is to change irrational beliefs to more rational ones.
REBT encourages a person to identify their general and irrational beliefs (e.g. I must be perfect") and subsequently persuades the person to challenge these false beliefs through reality testing.
Presented during 5th Psychology Congress New Era University, Diliman, QC Philippines November 21, 2008
Looking for customized in-house training sessions that fit your needs, particularly in the Philippines? Please send me an email at clarencegapostol@gmail.com or WhatsApp +971507678124. When your request is received I will follow up with you as soon as possible.Thank you!
Hi!
I am SHIV PRAKASH (PhD Research Scholar),This slide presentation, I have created it for teaching purpose. I have used this slide to present the concept of CBT for Nursing Student in the department of psychiatry, I.M.S. Banaras Hindu University in Varanasi.
I hope this will be help full for everyone.
Thank you!
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is a type cognitive therapy first used by Albert Ellis which focuses on resolving emotional and behavioral problems. The goal of the therapy is to change irrational beliefs to more rational ones.
REBT encourages a person to identify their general and irrational beliefs (e.g. I must be perfect") and subsequently persuades the person to challenge these false beliefs through reality testing.
Presented during 5th Psychology Congress New Era University, Diliman, QC Philippines November 21, 2008
Looking for customized in-house training sessions that fit your needs, particularly in the Philippines? Please send me an email at clarencegapostol@gmail.com or WhatsApp +971507678124. When your request is received I will follow up with you as soon as possible.Thank you!
Hi!
I am SHIV PRAKASH (PhD Research Scholar),This slide presentation, I have created it for teaching purpose. I have used this slide to present the concept of CBT for Nursing Student in the department of psychiatry, I.M.S. Banaras Hindu University in Varanasi.
I hope this will be help full for everyone.
Thank you!
The Personality Theory Consistency with My Theological Understanding
Let’s apply Roger’s three therapist qualities to the pastoral abilities of Christ.
Diploma in school management
edu 117
Student Service / Welfare and Student Quality Development
विद्यार्थी सेवा / कल्याण आणि विद्यार्थी गुणवत्ता विकास
assignments, swadhyay, questions
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that children move through four different stages of mental development. His theory focuses not only on understanding how children acquire knowledge, but also on understanding the nature of intelligence.
According to Daniel Goleman , an American psychologist who helped to popularize emotional intelligence, there are five key elements to it:
Self-awareness.
Self-regulation.
Motivation.
Empathy.
Social skills.
Discussions, at their best, challenge students to develop critical thinking skills: to weigh evidence, test propositions, and reach their own conclusions. While being knowledgeable about the topic under discussion is important for leading meaningful discussions, creating an environment in which students feel comfortable engaging with ideas is even more so.
Developing socio linguistics awareness in the indian classroomDeepali Gaurav Borde
Sociolinguistics, as a branch of linguistics, offers teachers the possibility to acquire this knowledge and apply it inside the classroom in different ways.
Developing socio linguistics awareness in the Indian classroomDeepali Gaurav Borde
Sociolinguistics is the descriptive study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context, on the way language is used, and society's effect on language. It differs from sociology of language, which focuses on the effect of language on society.
Multilingualism is the ability of an individual speaker or a community of speakers to communicate effectively in three or more languages. Contrast with monolingualism, the ability to use only one language. A person who can speak multiple languages is known as a polyglot or a multilingual.
Language across the curriculum (LAC) relates to linking different forms and aspects of language education within the school, particularly emphasizing the role of language in all subject-matter learning.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
3. CARL ROGERS
● Rogers originally developed his theory to be the
foundation for a system of therapy.
● He initially called this "non-directive therapy" but later
replaced the term "non-directive" with the term
"client-centered" and then later used the term
"person-centered".
● Works written: The clinical treatment of the pro…
● Born: January 8, 1902, Oak Park
● Died: February 4, 1987, La Jolla
● Profession: Psychologist, Civil engineer 3
4. ● Rogers strongly believed that in order for a client's
condition to improve therapists should be warm, genuine
and understanding. The starting point of the Rogerian
approach to counseling and psychotherapy is best stated
by Rogers (1986) himself:
'It is that the individual has within himself or herself vast
resources for self-understanding, for altering his or her
self-concept, attitudes and self-directed behavior - and
that these resources can be tapped if only a definable
climate of facilitative psychological attitudes can be
provided'
4
6. VIEWS OF HUMAN NATURE
● In Rogers client centred therapy, human beings are seen as
possessing goodness and the desire to become fully functioning i.e.
to live as effectively as possible.
● According to Rogers, if people are permitted to develop freely, they
will flourish and become positive, achieving individuals.
● Because Rogers’s theory expresses faith in human nature, it is
considered as humanistic approach to counselling.
● Rogers client centred therapy is based on a theory of personality
referred to as self-theory.
● An individual’s view of self within the context of environment
influences his actions and personal satisfactions.
6
7. continue...
● If provided with a nurturing environment, people will grow with confidence
toward self-actualisation.
● If they do not receive love and support from significant others, they will likely
to see themselves as lacking in worth and see others as untrustworthy.
● Behaviour will become defensive and growth toward self actualisation will be
hampered.
● An important principle of self theory is the belief that a person’s perceptions of
self and environment are reality for that person.
● For example, if an individual sees himself as incompetent, he will act on that
belief, even if others view him as brilliant. This personal reality may be changed
through counselling but not by a direct intervention as substituting the
judgement of the counsellor for that of the client.
7
8. Thus, the client centered therapist’s perception of people is
based on four key
beliefs:
1) People are trustworthy
2) People innately move toward self – actualisation and
health
3) People have the inner resources to move themselves in
positive directions and
4) People respond to their uniquely perceived world.
8
9. GOALS OF CLIENT CENTERED THERAPY
● Two primary goals of person centered therapy are increased self
esteem and greater openness to experience.
● Some of the related changes that this form of therapy seeks to foster in
clients include:
i) Closer agreement between the client’s idealised and actual selves
ii) Better self-understanding
iii) Lower levels of defensiveness, guilt, and insecurity
iv) More positive and comfortable relationships with others and
v) An increased capacity to experience and express feelings at the
moment they occur.
9
10. ● Person centered therapy focuses on the person, not on the person’s
presenting problem. Goal is to assist clients in their growth so they are
better able to cope with both today’s problems and future problems.
● The basic drive to fulfillment implies that people move toward health if
the way seems open for them to do so. Thus, the goals of counseling are
to set clients free and to create those conditions that will enable them
to engage in meaningful self-exploration.
● General goals of therapy are:
a) becoming more open to experience,
b) Achieving self-trust,
c) developing an internal source of evaluation,
d) being willing to continually grow
10
11. Core Conditions
Client-centered therapy operates according to three basic
principles that reflect the attitude of
the therapist to the client:
1. The therapist is congruent with the client.
2. The therapist provides the client with unconditional
positive regard.
3. The therapist shows empathetic understanding to the
client.
Empathy
Unconditional
positive regard.
Congruence
11
12. 1. CONGRUENCE or Genuineness
Congruence is the primary attribute of an effective therapist. The congruence
refers to the balance between their inner experience and outward expression. By
being congruent, these two states match and therefore the therapist is authentic:
There is no facade for the presented to the client. This allows the building of trust
in the relationship while also serving as a model for the client. The counsellor is
setting an example of being themselves, expressing their thoughts and feelings
honestly and without wearing masks.
12
13. 2. UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD (Acceptance)
For the client to grow and realise their potential, Rogers believed that
it was vital they were valued as individuals. This entailed acceptance
of the client by the therapist without judgement. It required that the
therapist genuinely cared about the client, even when they might
disapprove of an action of a client, and maintained a positive attitude
to the client.
13
14. Empathy
● The ability of the therapist to understand the feelings and experiences of
the client with sensitivity. Rogers believed that we have a tendency to
resist change, but through working to understand life through another
person’s perspective, we invite change in ourselves.
● Rogers listed the benefits of applying empathy as observed through the
research of Fiedler:
1. The therapist can understand the patient’s feelings well.
2. The therapist is never in any doubt about what the patient means.
3. The therapist’s remarks fit in just right with the patient’s mood and
content.
4. The therapist’s tone of voice conveys the complete ability to share the
patient’s feelings.
14
15. The Necessary and Sufficient Conditions
1. Condition 1: Psychological Contact
Rogers’ first condition is hypothetical. Client change outside of the context
of a relationship may be possible, since Rogers’ research presumed the
presence of a client-therapist relationship.
2. Condition 2: Client Incongruence
The second condition identifies incongruence as the state of being that
compels the client to seek therapeutic intervention.
3. Condition 3: Counselor Congruence
The third condition establishes that the therapist must strive to be
congruent in the therapy relationship. 15
16. continue..
4. Condition 4: Unconditional Positive Regard
The fourth condition emphasizes that the therapist must endeavor to have
unconditional positive regard (UPR) for the client.
5. Condition 5: Empathy
In the fifth condition, the therapist attempts to understand the client’s world
from the client’s internal frame of reference, and communicates this experience
to the client.
6. Condition 6: Communication of Conditions Achieved/Perceived
Rogers postulated that it is enough that the therapist demonstrates empathy
toward the client’s internal frame of reference and the client perceives the
empathic understanding. 16
19. Relationship between Therapist and Client
• A person-centered therapist is a facilitator.
• It is not technique-oriented.
• A misunderstanding—this approach is simply to restate what the client
just said or the technique of reflection of feelings (It is incorrect).
• The therapeutic relationship is the primary agent of growth in the
client.
• Therapist’s presence: being completely engaged in the relationship with
clients.
• The best source of knowledge about the client is the individual client.
• Caring confrontations can be beneficial. 19
20. Contribution of Person Centered Therapy
● Active role of responsibility of client.
● Inner and subjective experience.
● Relationship-centered.
● Focus on therapist’s attitudes.
● Focus on empathy, being present, and
respecting the client's’ values.
● Value multicultural context.
20