Topic: Elements and Goals of Counselling
Student Name: Naveed
Class: M.Ed
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Lesson 1 Discipline and Idea in Applied Social Sciencerenzguioguio
Lesson 1 Discipline and Idea in Applied Social Science Lesson 1 Discipline and Idea in Applied Social Science Lesson 1 Discipline and Idea in Applied Social Science Lesson 1 Discipline and Idea in Applied Social Science Lesson 1 Discipline and Idea in Applied Social Science
Topic: Elements and Goals of Counselling
Student Name: Naveed
Class: M.Ed
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Lesson 1 Discipline and Idea in Applied Social Sciencerenzguioguio
Lesson 1 Discipline and Idea in Applied Social Science Lesson 1 Discipline and Idea in Applied Social Science Lesson 1 Discipline and Idea in Applied Social Science Lesson 1 Discipline and Idea in Applied Social Science Lesson 1 Discipline and Idea in Applied Social Science
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
basic counselling and types and method of counselling.ppt
1. What is Counseling?
Counselling is the helping relationship, that
include:
some one seeking help,
someone wiling to give help who is capable or
trained to help,
in a setting that permits help to given and
received.
2. Factors that Influence
Change
The counseling process
is influenced by several
characteristics that help
it become a productive
time for the client &
counselor.
Structure
Setting
Client Qualities
Counselor Qualities
3. Factors that Influence
Change
Physical Setting.
Counseling can happen
anywhere, but the
professional generally
works in a place that
provides -
Privacy,
Confidentiality,
Quiet and
Certain comfort
4. Some Basic Principles
Each client must be accepted as an individual and dealt
with as such (the counselor does not necessarily approve of
all behavior, but still accepts the client as a person).
Counselling is basically a permissive relationship; that is,
the individual has permission to say what they please
without being reprimanded or judged.
Counseling emphasizes thinking with; not for the
individual.
All decision-making rests with the client.
5. Some Basic Principles
Counselling is centered on the difficulties of the client.
Counselling is a learning situation which eventually
results in a behavioral change.
Effectiveness in counselling depends largely on the
readiness of the client to make changes and the
therapeutic relationship with the counselor.
The counselling relationship is confidential.
6. The Initial Session
There is always an initial session. It is
during this time both the client and the
counselor are assessing one another to see if
the relationship will work. It is here the
subject of the subsequent sessions will be
discussed and determined.
There are several skills which are useful
during this phase of counseling.
7. Gathering Information
Types of Questions:
Open—allows the client to answer the
question in a free-flowing or narrative style.
Used when you want more detailed and
elaborate answers.
Tell me how this is working for you?
Closed—this type of question requires only a
one or two word response. Usually…Yes or
No.
Do you enjoy that type of work?
8. Some Non-Helpful Behaviors
There are several
lists of non-helpful
behaviors. Most
common among them
include:
Advice Giving
Lecturing
Excessive Questioning
Storytelling
Asking “Why?”
9. A Word About Goals
Goals within counseling help to set the
tone and direction one travel’s with their
client.
Without goals, the sessions will wander
aimlessly.
10. Goal Guidelines
Goals are mutually agreed on by the client
and counselor.
Goals are specific.
Goals are relevant to behavior.
Goals are achievement & success oriented.
Goals are quantifiable & measurable.
Goals are behavioral & observable.
Goals are understandable & can be re-
stated clearly.
11. Important Skills/Tools for the
Counselor
There are several
important skills
which we will cover
briefly. Each is
considered a “micro-
skill” which you will
need to develop
during the clinical
sequence of the
counselor training
program.
Empathy
Leading
Responding
Self Disclosure
Immediacy
Humor
Confrontation
12. Empathy
You want to build
the relationship with
the client through all
the previously
mentioned skills. Yet
all these skills will be
hindered without the
use of empathy.
13. Empathy
According to Rogers (1961)…
This is the ability to enter the client’s
phenomenological world, to experience the
client’s world as if it were your own without
ever losing the ‘as if’ quality.
It involves two specific skills:
Perception/understanding of what is taking
place emotionally.
The ability to communicate your understanding
of that to your client.
14. Empathy
According to Martin (1983)…
Empathy is communicated understanding of the
other person’s intended emotional message. Every
word counts in this definition. It is not enough to
understand what the person said; you must also
hear what they meant to say; the intended message.
It is not enough to understand, even deeply; you
must communicate your understanding somehow.
It is absolutely essential the other person “feel”
understood—that your understanding is perceived.
15. Levels of Empathy
The counselor’s responses add significantly
to the feeling & meaning of the expressions
of the client in a way that accurately
expresses feeling levels below what the
client is able to express.
16. Moving the Client—Leading
There are several ways to “lead” the client
forward in a session. They include using
silence, acceptance, paraphrasing, etc…
Be aware of how you lead and where you
are going. You are working on the client’s
issues, not your issues, or what you think
the client should be working on.
17. Responding Styles
Affective Responding.
Focusing on feelings.
Behavioral Responses.
Focusing on actions and behaviors.
Cognitive Response.
Focusing on thoughts and cognitions.
You will balance these throughout the session with a client.
18. Self-Disclosure
Self-disclosure is making oneself known
to another person (the client) by revealing
personal information.
Counselors self-disclosure is only
necessary as it relates to the therapeutic
process. Too much self-disclosure
hinders the counseling process, while not
enough, may inhibit the client from
forming a bond with the counselor.
19. Humor
Humor can have a
positive effect on the
counseling process when
used properly.
It must be used with
sensitivity and timing. It
does not demean and is
supportive.
A session is not a time to
try out a new joke heard
at lunch.
20. Transference & Counter-
transference
A concept as old as
Freud, transference and
countertranference are
issues that affect all
forms of counseling,
guidance, &
psychotherapy.
21. Transference & Counter-
transference
Transference.
This is the client’s projection of past or
present feelings, attitudes, or desires onto the
counselor. It can be direct or indirect and
will cause the client to react to you as they
would in the past or present relationship.
22. Transference & Counter-
transference
Counter-transference.
This is the counselor’s projected emotional
reaction to or behavior towards the client. It
can take on many forms, from a desire to
please the client, to wanting to develop a
social or sexual relationship with the client.
When this happens, supervision or
counseling for the counselor is called for.
23. Termination of a Session
There is no great secret to
ending sessions. There
are some guidelines:
Start and end on time.
Leave 5 minutes or so for a summary of the
session.
Introduce the end of the session normally (“Our
time is coming to a close.”).
Assign homework.
Set up next appointment.
24. Termination of the
Relationship
Termination is the end of the professional
relationship with the client when the session
goals have been met.
A formal termination serves three functions:
Counseling is finished and it is time for the client to
face their life challenges.
Changes which have taken place have generalized
into the normal behavior of the client.
The client has matured and thinks and acts more
effectively and independently.
25. COUNSELLING
According to Jones, Everyone needs
assistance at some times in his life; some will
need it constantly and throughout their lives,
while others need it only at rare intervals at
times of great crisis.
26. COUNSELLING
Counselling is the helping relationship, that
include: some one seeking help, someone
wiling to give help who is capable or
trained to help, in a setting that permits help
to given and received.
27. COUNSELLING
Counseling has not yet achieved
professional status in India. Very few
professionally trained personnel are
available
28. COUNSELLING
The objectives of Counselling are to enable
client / recipient ------
To achieve Positive Mental Health. Resolve their
problems.
Improve Personal Effectiveness.
Maximize individual freedom to choose & set
within the conditions imposed by the environment
29. Scope / Purpose of Counselling
Aimed at assisting the client to draw up their own
plans and find solutions to the problem.
Help the individual to realize his potentialities and
to make optimum contribution to the growth of the
society.
Help the person to solve his own problems and
make proper choice and adjustment.
30. Aim at enabling recipient to acquire abilities
which promote self direction and self-realisation.
Development of good qualities such as dedication,
sincerity, devotion.
Positive outlook respect for views of others,
temperament which are essential to them for
making significant contributions.
Scope / Purpose of Counselling ( contd )
31. Some Basic Principles
Each client must be accepted as an individual and dealt
with as such (the counselor does not necessarily approve of
all behavior, but still accepts the client as a person).
Counselling is basically a permissive relationship; that is,
the individual has permission to say what they please
without being reprimanded or judged.
Counseling emphasizes thinking with; not for the
individual.
All decision-making rests with the client.
32. Some Basic Principles
Counselling is centered on the difficulties of the client.
Counselling is a learning situation which eventually
results in a behavioral change.
Effectiveness in counselling depends largely on the
readiness of the client to make changes and the
therapeutic relationship with the counselor.
The counselling relationship is confidential.
33. Be open-minded
Believe that clients are doing the best that
they can
mutual agreement on expectations for therapy
between you and your client is essential
Ask client for feedback
10 Fundamentals for Counseling
34. 10 Fundamentals for Counseling
Rarely be a problem solver; help guide the client
to coming up with own solutions
Trust your intuition
Provide a sense of direction for the client
35. 10 Fundamentals for Counseling
Take care of your client; protect his/her
feelings; help him/her move at own pace
Have a sense of humor
Incorporate self-disclosure as an important
part of counseling; show that you are willing
to share as well.
36. Timing of Termination
There is no one answer when termination is to
take place. Questions you may wish to ask
yourself concerning termination include:
Have clients achieved behavioral, cognitive, or
affective goals?
? Can clients concretely show where they have made
progress in what they wanted to accomplish?
? Is the counseling relationship helpful?
? Has the context of the initial counseling
arrangements changed?
37. Resistance to Termination
Clients & Counselors may not want
counseling to end. In many cases this
may be the result of feelings about the
loss and grief or insecurities of losing the
relationship. For clients, this is
something to process. For counselors,
this is an issue for supervision.
38. Premature Termination
Client.
Many clients may end counseling before all
goals are completed. This can be seen by not
making appointments, resisting new
appointments, etc… It is a good idea to try
and schedule a termination/review session
with the client so closure may take place. At
this time a referral may be in order.
39. Premature Termination
Counselors.
At times, counselors have to end counseling
prematurely. Whatever the reason for the
termination, a summary session is in order
and referrals are made, if appropriate, to
another counselor.
40. Referrals
At times, a counselor needs to make a
referral. When this is done, specific
issues need to be addressed with the
client:
Reason for the referral.
Note specific behaviors or actions which
brought the need for a referral.
Have the names of several other counselors
ready for referral.
You cannot follow up with the new
counselor to see if the client followed
through (Confidentiality issue).
41. Follow-Up
At times, a follow-up may be scheduled
for various reasons including evaluation,
research, or checking-in with client.
Follow-ups need to be scheduled so as to
not take the responsibility of change
away from the client.
42. Guidance is a process of dynamic and
interpersonal relationship designed to
influences the attitudes and subsequent
behavior of a person.
Guidance is the help given by one person to
another in making choices and adjustments
and in solving problems. Further it aims at
aiding the recipient to grow in his
independence, the ability to be responsible for
himself.
43. Phases of Counseling
The counseling process will takes place in accordance with
the nature of the person being helped.
Establishing relationship
Assessment
Setting goals
Intervention
Termination and Follow-Up.
Who’s Who in counseling
Counseling is a personal meeting of two individuals the
counselor who assists in analyzing and understanding the
problem and counselee is one, who has a problem and
needs assistance in arriving at a solution to the same.
44. Difference between guidance and
counseling;
Counseling is the helping relationship that
includes some one seeking help, someone is
willing to give help who is capable or trained
to help .
Guidance is a process of dynamic &
interpersonal relationship designed to
influences the attitudes & subsequent
behavior of the person. Counseling Guidance
45. Difference between guidance and
counseling Counseling requires special
setup a room to conduct.
Guidance may be given in any normal set
up. Counseling requires a high level skill as
well as special professional training.
Guidance may be done by any guidance
workers. Counseling is curative or
therapeutic, developmental and remedial.
Guidance is preventive, and
developmental.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51. Principles of Counselling
Counselling is a professional activity based on certain
well accepted principles.
Guidance and Counselling is unique to an individual.
Guidance and Counselling is concerned with total
individual.
It is always goal directed and goal oriented. It is a
Professional Activity.
Counselling is based on a thorough knowledge of
characteristics of the stages of human growth and
development.
52. Counselling is meant for all those who need to help.
Counselling is not specific to any state of development.
counselling is a continuous process.
Counselling should be based on reliable data.
Counselling should have a flexible approach
Principles of Counselling