The document summarizes the key events that led to the outbreak of World War 1. It describes the formation of military alliances in Europe in the early 20th century between Germany/Austria and Britain/France/Russia. Rising nationalist tensions due to events like the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and the Austrian ultimatum to Serbia escalated the conflict between these alliances. Within a month of Austria declaring war on Serbia, Germany and Russia mobilized their forces, followed by declarations of war that drew additional countries into the growing world war.

1. WORL
D WAR
I
Created by: CJPEstrellado

2. Created by D. VandenBerg

3. The Short Term
Steps to World
War I

4. Created by D. VandenBerg

5. Created by D. VandenBerg

6. The Steps to
World War I
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8. Created by D. VandenBerg

9. Created by D. VandenBerg

10. Created by D. VandenBerg

11. Created by D. VandenBerg

12. Background
1882 - Triple Alliance formed
•Italy joins the German alliance with Austria
1907 - Triple Entente formed
•Great Britain, France, Russia
1908 – Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina
•angering Serbia (hopes to form Slavic Union)
1913 – Russia demonstrates support for Serbia
•Third Balkan Crisis
1914 – Ottoman Empire (Turkey) signs secret alliance with
Germany
•common enemy of Russia
1882 - Triple Alliance formed
•Italy joins the German alliance with Austria
1907 - Triple Entente formed
•Great Britain, France, Russia
1908 – Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina
•angering Serbia (hopes to form Slavic Union)
1913 – Russia demonstrates support for Serbia
•Third Balkan Crisis
1914 – Ottoman Empire (Turkey) signs secret alliance with
Germany
•common enemy of Russia

13. Triple Alliance –
Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy
Triple Alliance –
Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy

14. Background
• 1882 - Triple Alliance formed
– Italy joins the German alliance with Austria
• 1907 - Triple Entente formed
– Great Britain, France, Russia.
• 1908 – Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina
– angering Serbia (hopes to form Slavic Union)
• 1913 – Russia demonstrates support for Serbia
– Third Balkan Crisis
• 1914 – Ottoman Empire (Turkey) signs a secret alliance with
Germany
– common enemy of Russia

15. Triple Entente –
Great Britain, France, Russia
Triple Entente –
Great Britain, France, Russia

16. Background
• 1882 - Triple Alliance formed
– Italy joins the German alliance with Austria
• 1907 - Triple Entente formed
– Great Britain, France, Russia.
• 1908 – Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina
– angering Serbia (hopes to form Slavic Union)
• 1913 – Russia demonstrates support for Serbia
– Third Balkan Crisis
• 1914 – Ottoman Empire (Turkey) signs a secret alliance with
Germany
– common enemy of Russia

17. Bosnia and
Herzegovina
Bosnia and
Herzegovina

18. Background
• 1882 - Triple Alliance formed
– Italy joins the German alliance with Austria
• 1907 - Triple Entente formed
– Great Britain, France, Russia.
• 1908 – Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina
– angering Serbia (hopes to form Slavic Union)
• 1913 – Russia demonstrates support for Serbia
– Third Balkan Crisis
• 1914 – Ottoman Empire (Turkey) signs a secret alliance with
Germany
– common enemy of Russia

19. Triple Entente –
Great Britain, France, Russia
Triple Entente –
Great Britain, France, Russia

20. Background
• 1882 - Triple Alliance formed
– Italy joins the German alliance with Austria
• 1907 - Triple Entente formed
– Great Britain, France, Russia.
• 1908 – Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina
– angering Serbia (hopes to form Slavic Union)
• 1913 – Russia demonstrates support for Serbia
– Third Balkan Crisis
• 1914 – Ottoman Empire (Turkey) signs a secret alliance with
Germany
– common enemy of Russia

21. Triple Alliance –
Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy
Triple Alliance –
Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy

22. Balance of Power
France
Russia
Great Britain
Serbia
Austria-Hungary
Germany
Turkey
Italy

23. June 28, 1914June 28, 1914
Sarajevo, (Bosnia) Austria-HungarySarajevo, (Bosnia) Austria-Hungary

24. June 28, 1914
1. Assassination of
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand, heir to throne
of Austria-Hungary, and
his wife at Sarajevo,
Bosnia.
Austria blames Serbia.
1. Assassination of
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand, heir to throne
of Austria-Hungary, and
his wife at Sarajevo,
Bosnia.
Austria blames Serbia.

25. June 28, 1914
1. Assassination of
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand, heir to throne
of Austria-Hungary, and
his wife at Sarajevo,
Bosnia.
Austria blames Serbia.
1. Assassination of
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand, heir to throne
of Austria-Hungary, and
his wife at Sarajevo,
Bosnia.
Austria blames Serbia.
Black Hand’s stated aim was:
"To realize the national
ideal, the unification of all
Serbs. This organisation
prefers terrorist action to
cultural activities; it will
therefore remain secret."
"To realize the national
ideal, the unification of all
Serbs. This organisation
prefers terrorist action to
cultural activities; it will
therefore remain secret."

27. Austria-Hungary has not been lacking in good will and in the
spirit of conciliation, to bring about reasonably good relations with
Serbia, but it has just been shown that these efforts have been
completely impotent and that the Monarchy must expect in the
future to deal with the bitter, irreconcilable and aggressive enmity
of Serbia.
In these conditions the Monarchy must tear away with a strong
hand the net in which its enemy seeks to entangle it.
Austria-Hungary has not been lacking in good will and in the
spirit of conciliation, to bring about reasonably good relations with
Serbia, but it has just been shown that these efforts have been
completely impotent and that the Monarchy must expect in the
future to deal with the bitter, irreconcilable and aggressive enmity
of Serbia.
In these conditions the Monarchy must tear away with a strong
hand the net in which its enemy seeks to entangle it.
Emperor Franz Josef (Austria)
sends a letter to Kaiser Wilhelm II
(Germany) asking for support.
July 2, 1914

28. 2. Germany sends a telegram indicating it would
honour its treaty obligations to support Austria (known
historically as the German ‘blank cheque’)
2. Germany sends a telegram indicating it would
honour its treaty obligations to support Austria (known
historically as the German ‘blank cheque’)
July 5, 1914
…Finally, as far as concerns Serbia,
His Majesty, of course, cannot
interfere in the dispute now going on
between Austria-Hungary and that
country, as it is a matter not within
his competence. The Emperor Francis
Joseph may, however, rest assured
that His Majesty will faithfully stand
by Austria-Hungary, as is required by
the obligations of his alliance and of
his ancient friendship…
…Finally, as far as concerns Serbia,
His Majesty, of course, cannot
interfere in the dispute now going on
between Austria-Hungary and that
country, as it is a matter not within
his competence. The Emperor Francis
Joseph may, however, rest assured
that His Majesty will faithfully stand
by Austria-Hungary, as is required by
the obligations of his alliance and of
his ancient friendship…
Telegram from the
Imperial Chancellor, von
Bethmann-Hollweg, to
the German Ambassador
at Vienna. Tschirschky,
July 6, 1914

30. 3. Austria delivers an ultimatum to Serbia,
demanding a response in 48 hours.
3. Austria delivers an ultimatum to Serbia,
demanding a response in 48 hours.
July 23, 1914
Austria-Hungary insisted that Serbia:
1. Put down all nationalist hatred against Austria-
Hungary
2. Punish all those involved in the assassination plot
3. Allow Austro-Hungarian officials into Serbia to help
crush the Black Hand
Austria-Hungary insisted that Serbia:
1. Put down all nationalist hatred against Austria-
Hungary
2. Punish all those involved in the assassination plot
3. Allow Austro-Hungarian officials into Serbia to help
crush the Black Hand

31. 4. Serbia responds to the ultimatum by agreeing
to many, but not all, of the terms.
4. Serbia responds to the ultimatum by agreeing
to many, but not all, of the terms.
July 25, 1914
"Part of your demands we have accepted... For the rest,
we place our hopes on your loyalty and chivalry as an
Austrian general."
Serbian Prime Minister Nikola Pasic
"Part of your demands we have accepted... For the rest,
we place our hopes on your loyalty and chivalry as an
Austrian general."
Serbian Prime Minister Nikola Pasic

32. 5. Austria sends a
telegram to Serbia
declaring war.
5. Austria sends a
telegram to Serbia
declaring war.
July 28, 1914

33. 6. Russia, in support of
Serbia, proclaims a
general mobilization
6. Russia, in support of
Serbia, proclaims a
general mobilization
July 30, 1914

35. 7. France, as Russia’s
ally, also authorizes a full
mobilization
7. France, as Russia’s
ally, also authorizes a full
mobilization
July 31, 1914

37. 8. Germany declares war
on Russia
8. Germany declares war
on Russia
August 1, 1914

38. 9. Germany declares war
on France
9. Germany declares war
on France
August 3, 1914

39. 10. Germany puts
Schlieffen Plan into
motion, invading neutral
Luxemburg and Belgium.
10. Germany puts
Schlieffen Plan into
motion, invading neutral
Luxemburg and Belgium.
August 2-4, 1914

41. 11. Because of treaty
agreements guaranteeing
Belgian neutrality, Great
Britain, along with
Australia and Canada,
declare war on Germany.
11. Because of treaty
agreements guaranteeing
Belgian neutrality, Great
Britain, along with
Australia and Canada,
declare war on Germany.
August 4, 1914
From a Canadian
perspective, World War I
had now begun.
From a Canadian
perspective, World War I
had now begun.

45. 1914 - 1917
•1914 (Aug 5) – Montenegro joins the Allied Powers
•1914 (Aug. 23) – Japan joins the Allied Powers by
declaring war on Germany
•1914 (Oct. 29) – Turkey joins the Central Powers
•1915 (May 23) – Italy joins the Allied Powers
•1915 (Oct. 14) – Bulgaria joins the Central Powers
•1916 (August 27) – Romania joins the Allied Powers
•1917 (Apr. 6) – The United States joins the Allied Powers
•1917 (Jun. 27) – Greece joins the Allied Powers

47. Countries Involved in World War I
Ecuador Severed relations with Germany December 8, 1917
France Invaded by Germany August 2, 1914
Germany Declared war on Russia August 1, 1914
Great Britain
(Australia,
Canada)
Declared war on Germany August 4, 1914
Greece Declared war on Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria,
Germany, and the Ottoman Empire
June 27, 1917
Guatemala Declared war on Germany April 23, 1918
Haiti Declared war on Germany July 12, 1918
Honduras Declared war on Germany July 19, 1918
Italy Declared war on Austria-Hungary May 23, 1915
Japan Declared war on Germany August 23, 1914
Liberia Declared war on Germany August 4, 1917
Montenegro Declared war on Austria-Hungary August 5, 1914

48. Your Assignment
• Read the “War Breaks Out” (photocopy)
• Summarize each of the Long Term Causes of
World War I in your notes
–Alliances
–Nationalism
–Imperialism
–Militarism
• Write an article for the front page of a
newspaper on August 5, 1914
• This article should:
• Explain why Canada is at war
• include both long and short term causes
• Use inverted pyramid style (most important information first)

49. 49
What did it take to get the US
involved?
Zimmerman Note
•US intercepted a note from Germany to
Mexico,
•It promised Texas, New Mexico, and
Arizona back in return for an alliance

50. 50

51. 51

52. 52
Zimmerman Activity
1. Decoding a Message: In this exercise, students decode a
fictitious message using a simple substitution code. As
homework, students will write a message using the code,
and then exchange the messages for decoding.
2. I will hand out the message you will decode, these are class
copies please do not write on them. When you are finished,
you need to write your own message that needs to decoded
by another student. This message should relate to WWI, but
should not have anything to do with the Zimmerman note.
For example you may write a code about one of the 4 isms,
to an alliance etc.

53. 53
What did it take to get the US
involved?
•Zimmerman
Note + the
sinking of 4
unarmed
American
ships led to a
declaration of
war

54. Glossary
•Alliance - An association to further certain
common interests of the members.
•Mobilization - To make ready or muster forces for military
service.
•Neutral - Does not take sides, impartial.
•Schlieffen Plan - A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid
fighting a war on two fronts
•Treaty – a legal agreement detailing a relationship between
countries
•Ultimatum - Terms presented by one power (or group of
powers) to another

55. Glossary
•Alliance - An association to further certain common
interests of the members.
•Mobilization - To make ready or muster
forces for military service.
•Neutral - Does not take sides, impartial.
•Schlieffen Plan - A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid
fighting a war on two fronts
•Treaty – a legal agreement detailing a relationship between
countries
•Ultimatum - Terms presented by one power (or group of
powers) to another

56. Glossary
•Alliance - An association to further certain common
interests of the members.
•Mobilization - To make ready or muster forces for military
service.
•Neutral - Does not take sides, impartial.
•Schlieffen Plan - A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid
fighting a war on two fronts
•Treaty – a legal agreement detailing a relationship between
countries
•Ultimatum - Terms presented by one power (or group of
powers) to another

57. Glossary
•Alliance - An association to further certain common
interests of the members.
•Mobilization - To make ready or muster forces for military
service.
•Neutral - Does not take sides, impartial.
•Schlieffen Plan - A strategy drawn up by
Germany to avoid fighting a war on
two fronts
•Treaty – a legal agreement detailing a relationship between
countries
•Ultimatum - Terms presented by one power (or group of
powers) to another

58. Glossary
•Alliance - An association to further certain common
interests of the members.
•Mobilization - To make ready or muster forces for military
service.
•Neutral - Does not take sides, impartial.
•Schlieffen Plan - A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid
fighting a war on two fronts
•Treaty – a legal agreement detailing a
relationship between countries
•Ultimatum - Terms presented by one power (or group of
powers) to another

59. Glossary
•Alliance - An association to further certain common
interests of the members.
•Mobilization - To make ready or muster forces for military
service.
•Neutral - Does not take sides, impartial.
•Schlieffen Plan - A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid
fighting a war on two fronts
•Treaty – a legal agreement detailing a relationship between
countries
•Ultimatum - Terms presented by one
power (or group of powers) to another

60. Sources:
•www.westernfront.co.uk
•www.worldwar1.com
•din-timelines.com
•www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk
•www.firstworldwar.com
•Microsoft Encarta 2004