Migration can occur across borders or within a country. People migrate for both voluntary and forced reasons. Voluntary migration is often due to pull factors like economic opportunities, while forced migration stems from push factors such as poverty, disasters, or oppression. Examples of global migration flows from 1500-1950 include those driven by European exploration, colonization, and the slave trade. Regional and internal migration are also common.

1. Migration

2. Sketch

3. Migration
Migration –
A change in residence
that is intended to
be permanent.
Little Haiti, Miami, Florida

4. International Migration –
Movement across country borders (implying a degree of
permanence).

5. Internal Migration -
Movement within a single country’s borders (implying a
degree of permanence).

6. Why do People Migrate?
Key Question:

7. Why do People Migrate?
• Forced Migration – Human migration flows
in which the movers have no choice but to
relocate.
• Voluntary Migration – Human migration
flows in which the movers respond to
perceived opportunity, not force.

8. Key Issue 1, Ch 3 Migration
Pg 81

9. Types of Push and Pull Factors
• Lack of jobs
• Poverty
• Lack of basic needs
• Environment (disasters)
• Overcrowding
• Oppression
• Restrictive norms
• War
• Economic issues
Push Pull
• Economic opportunity
• Higher standard of
living
• Peace
• Cultural diversity
• Religious or political
tolerance

10. Migration
Push and Pull Factors

11. Directions: Walk around the room and read each picture about
migration. Then tell which category of migration it fits into your
ESPN chart. Also label the type of image it is. See example:

12. Image 1
Year: 1900
Place: Italy
A family
leaves for
America, the
“Land of
Opportunity.”

13. Directions: Walk around the room and read each picture about
migration. Then tell which category of migration it fits into your
ESPN chart. Also label the type of image it is. See example:
#1, Italian family, Pull,
economic opportunity,

14. Image 2 Hurricane Katrina, 2005

15. Image 3
When: 1937
Place: USA, Oklahoma
Comment: Lack of water drove many “Okies” out to
new places with the promise of jobs.

16. Image 4 When: 1980
Place: Cuba
Mariel Boat Lift
Castro suddenly permitted
people to leave Cuba. He
opened the jails and thousands
left for Miami, including
Scarface.

17. Image 5
When: 1995
Place: Turkey
Comment: Guest
Workers arrive in
Germany for
work.

18. Image 6
When: 1880’s
Place: Nebraska
Comment: We left big city life to build a new life in the
Great Plains of America.

19. Image 7
When: Present Day
Where: Brasîlia, Capital of Brazil
Comments: Many migrants live in poor quality housing on
the city’s edge.

20. Image 8
We have to run from others who want to kill us. We are
refugees.

21. Our country is overrun by drugs and gangs. It is not
safe and there are no good jobs.
Image 9
When: Present Day
Place: Cuidad Juarez

22. Migrants will often risk their lives in hopes of economic
opportunities that will enable them to send money home
(remittances) to their family members who remain behind.
Economic Conditions –
Image 10

23. In Montserrat, a 1995 volcano made the southern half of the
island, including the capital city of Plymouth, uninhabitable.
People who remained migrated to the north or to the U.S.
Environmental Conditions
Image 11

24. East Asia
Image 12

25. In late 1800s and
early 1900s,
Chinese migrated
throughout
Southeast Asia to
work in trade,
commerce, and
finance.
Image 13

26. About 700,000 Jews
migrated to then-
Palestine between
1900 and 1948.
After 1948, when the
land was divided into
two states (Israel and
Palestine), 600,000
Palestinian Arabs fled
or were pushed out of
newly-designated
Israeli territories.
Image 14

27. Guest Workers
• Guest workers – migrants whom a country
allows in to fill a labor need, assuming the
workers will go “home” once the labor need
subsides.
- have short term work visas
- send remittances to home country

28. Refuge
A person who flees across an international boundary because of a well-
founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion,
nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion.

29. Push Pull
A stable government in the migrant’s chosen destination.
War or famine in the migrant’s country of origin.
Political persecution in a migrant’s homeland
Family in migrant’s chosen destination
Plentiful jobs in the migrant’s chosen destination
Lack of employment in a migrant’s city of residence.
Religious persecution in a migrant’s chosen homeland.
Natural disaster that threatens a migrant’s home.
Your example:
• Push-Pull Factors-push factors induce people to leave. Pull
factors encourage people to move to an area.

30. Exit Ticket
Why do People Migrate?
(at least 3 reasons)

31. Where do People Migrate?
Key Question:

32. Causes/Effects of
Migration in Africa

33. Take out
African Migrations Activity Sheet

34. The Last Time…
•Last night I saw the sun set for the
last time, and its light shine upon
the tree tops, and the land, and the
water, that I am never to look upon
again.
–Manawa, Creek Indian, prior to his
forced march west in 1836.

35. Forced Migration
• What did forced migration look like in
Africa?
– Video segment – true story, but since no video
existed, historians rely on oral stories from
enslaved peoples.

36. Forced Migration – the Atlantic Slave Trade

40. Life in Barbados
• Read from Bickles book
• Slide Show Barbados

42. Causes/Effects of
Forced Migration in Africa
Tribal wars, selling
slaves for guns
Tribal warfare, some
strong tribes
Triangle slave trade/
Sugar/Rum/Slaves
Less workers in Africa,
enslaved Africans in
Americas, prostitutes
Capitalism, free
markets
Slaves as workers,
segregation in
Americas

43. What is the title of this graph?

44. Bantu Migration
What were two causes that led the Bantu to migrate
all the way to the Kalahari Desert?

45. Lack of food supply Move from W Africa to
S Africa
Increased population
pressures
Spread over 120
languages traced to
Bantu
Spread of culture
Causes/Effects of
Migration in Africa

46. 19th and 20th Century
Colonization of Africa by Europe

47. Causes/Effects of
Migration in Africa
Colonial scramble for
new sources of raw
materials
Discovery of quinine
to stop malaria
Scramble for new
markets
Enslaving of native
African populations
Capitalism, free
markets
Some development; by
1914, all of Africa
colonized by Europeans

48. Turn this sheet over…

49. 3 Levels of Questions

50. •Exit Ticket:
•With a partner, create 3 questions
about migration.
–Use the Three Levels of Questions
–Create one question for each level based
on your understanding of migration
• Impact of Migration
• Forced Migration
• European migration on African history

51. Push Pull
A stable government in the migrant’s chosen destination.
War or famine in the migrant’s country of origin.
Political persecution in a migrant’s homeland
Family in migrant’s chosen destination
Plentiful jobs in the migrant’s chosen destination
Lack of employment in a migrant’s city of residence.
Religious persecution in a migrant’s chosen homeland.
Natural disaster that threatens a migrant’s home.
Your example:
• Push-Pull Factors-push factors induce people to leave. Pull
factors encourage people to move to an area.

52. –Write three (3) essays about migration.
–Use your notes and all worksheets we
used this week:

53. –Question 1: 100 words minimum
• What push/pull factors directly impact
migration patterns? Cite examples to
support your thinking.

54. 1. What push/pull factors directly
impact migration patterns?
–¶1-There are many factors that affect
migration patterns. Push Factors are
situations that “push” a person to migrate. For
example,
(now talk about a few)
–¶2-In addition to push factors there are pull
factors. These factors “pull” a person to
migrate. For example, (now talk about a few)

55. 2. How do ESPN factors affect
migration and immigration patterns?
–There are many ESPN factors that affect
migration patterns. Many people migrate for
economic reasons. For example, coming to
America because of job opportunities is an
economic reason. Another reason is social.
(now talk about Social, then Political, and
finally eNvironmental. Use your ESPN chart
from the pictures we did in class.)

56. 3. How did Forced Migration affect
Africa AND the Americas?
–Forced migration was a terrible tragedy that
seriously affected the entire African continent.
It also affected the Americas and the
Caribbean. Let’s talk about Africa first. Forced
migration was caused by (now use your
cause/effects chart on forced migration, the
movie Amistad, and your knowledge to finish
the answer.)
–Forced migration also affected the Americas.

57. Tear essays out of spiral
•Staple in this order:
–Staple Essay on top (#1)
–Put ESPN chart #2
–Put Cause/Effects chart #1
–I Can sheet on the bottom
–Push/Pull Chart

58. Two minute cleanup to “Help!”
Tables like this
Bins like this

59. Where do People Migrate?
Key Question:

60. Global Migration Flows
• Between 1500 and 1950, major global
migration flows were influenced largely by:
– Exploration
– Colonization
– The Atlantic Slave Trade
• Impacts the place the migrants leave and
where the migrants go.

61. Major Global Migration Flows
From 1500 to 1950

62. Regional Migration Flows
• Migrants go to neighboring countries:
- for short term economic opportunities.
- to reconnect with cultural groups
across borders.
- to flee political conflict or war.

63. Economic
Opportunities
Islands of
Development –
Places within a
region or country
where foreign
investment, jobs,
and infrastructure
are concentrated.

64. Economic
Opportunities
In late 1800s and
early 1900s,
Chinese migrated
throughout
Southeast Asia to
work in trade,
commerce, and
finance.

65. Reconnecting
Cultural Groups
About 700,000 Jews
migrated to then-
Palestine between
1900 and 1948.
After 1948, when the
land was divided into
two states (Israel and
Palestine), 600,000
Palestinian Arabs fled
or were pushed out of
newly-designated
Israeli territories.

66. Jerusalem, Israel: Jewish settlements on the West Bank.

67. National Migration Flows
• Also known as internal migration
- eg. US, Russia, Mexico

68. Guest Workers
• Guest workers – migrants whom a country
allows in to fill a labor need, assuming the
workers will go “home” once the labor need
subsides.
- have short term work visas
- send remittances to home country

69. Refugees
A person who flees across an international boundary because of a well-
founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion,
nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion.

70. • Subsaharan Africa
• North Africa and Southwest Asia
• South Asia
• Southeast Asia
• Europe
Regions of Dislocation –
What regions generate the most refugees?

71. The Sudan –
Fighting in the Darfur region of the Sudan has generated thousands of
refugees. In eastern Chad, the Iridimi refugee camp is home to almost 15,000
refugees from the Darfur province, including the women in this photo.

72. Imagine you are from an extremely poor country,
and you earn less than $1 a day. Choose a
country to be from, and look for it on a map.
Assume you are a voluntary migrant. You look at
your access to transportation and the
opportunities you have to go elsewhere. Be
realistic, and describe how you determine where
you will go, how you get there, and what you do
once you get there.

73. How do Governments Affect
Migration?
Key Question:

74. Governments Place
Legal Restrictions on Migration
• Immigration laws – laws that restrict or
allow migration of certain groups into a
country.
– Quotas limit the number of migrants from each
region into a country.
– A country uses selective immigration to bar
people with certain backgrounds from entering.

75. Waves of Immigration
Changing immigration laws, and changing push and pull
factors create waves of immigration.

76. Post-September 11

77. One goal of international organizations involved
in aiding refugees is repatriation – return of the
refugees to their home countries once the threat
against them has passed. Take the example of
Sudanese refugees. Think about how their land
and their lives have changed since they became
refugees. You are assigned the daunting task of
repatriating Sudanese from Uganda once a
peace solution is reached. What steps would you
have to take to re-discover a home for these
refugees?

78. This was the original TG for push/pull
Think about a type of migration
List the push and pull factors.
Then, write a letter in the first person (if you
were not involved, pretend you were your
grandmother or whomever) to another family
member at “home” describing how you came to
migrate to your destination.