Lees-Migration-Model.pptx
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Lee's migration model predicts migration patterns based on push factors that induce people to leave an area, pull factors that attract people to a new area, and intervening obstacles that block migration. It shows that more positive pull factors than negative push factors must outweigh intervening obstacles for migration to occur. While the model works in theory, it does not perfectly account for real-world human behaviors and limitations that can prevent migration even when conditions seem favorable.
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1. Income level and employment status, as wealthier nations have lower mortality rates.
2. Nutritional status, as malnutrition increases risk of death from infection.
3. Epidemics, as disease outbreaks can cause many deaths, like the 1918 influenza pandemic.
4. Injuries, both intentional and unintentional, account for around 9% of deaths globally.
5. Personal behaviors like diet, alcohol and tobacco use, and hygiene practices impact mortality.
6. Education levels, especially of women, influence health behaviors and outcomes.
Origin of culture :Cultural hearth and cultural realm, cultural region.
The document discusses the origin and development of cultural hearths and cultural regions around the world. It identifies the seven original cultural hearths as Mesopotamia, the Nile River Valley, the Aegean region, the Indus River Valley, the Ganges River Valley, the Wei-Huang Valley, and West Africa. These early hearths developed around major river systems and influenced the spread of culture. The document also outlines the major cultural realms of Occidental, Islamic, Indian, East Asian, and minor realms of Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. It defines key terms like cultural area and cultural boundary.
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Von Thunen's model of agricultural land use proposes that the type of agriculture in concentric zones around a central market city is determined by the transportation costs of different agricultural products. The model suggests that dairy farming and intensive agriculture will occur in the innermost zone due to high transportation costs for perishable products. Timber and firewood production is next as wood is heavy. Extensive grain farming is in the third zone as grains have lower transport costs. Ranching is in the outermost zone as livestock are self-transporting and have the lowest transport costs. The model aims to explain the balance between land costs and transportation in determining agricultural location patterns.
Von thunen’s model of agricultural land use
Von Thunen's model of agricultural land use proposes that the type of agriculture around a central city is determined by transportation costs. The model describes four concentric rings radiating out from the city, with the most perishable and highest value crops like dairy in the inner ring due to high transport costs, and ranching in the outer ring since animals are self-transporting. The model aims to explain how farmers maximize profits by balancing production costs, market prices, and distance from market. While simplified, the model provides a useful illustration of the relationship between land use and transportation costs.
Theories Of Industrial Location
There are four main theories of industrial location:
1) Weber's (1909) least cost theory, which states that industries locate where transportation costs of raw materials and finished products are minimized. This depends on whether the industry is weight gaining or weight losing.
2) Hotelling's (1929) theory of locational interdependence, which examines how demand impacts location as competitors try to capture market share in their locations.
3) Losch's (1939) theory of demand-oriented location, which focused on maximizing access to markets for finished goods.
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1. The empirical (inductive) approach attempts to describe existing agricultural patterns by making generalizations based on numerous studies.
2. The normative (deductive) approach leads to the derivation and testing of hypotheses to develop ideal models of agricultural location.
3. Other approaches discussed include the environmental, commodity, economic, regional, systematic, system analysis, ecological, and behavioral approaches. Each looks at agricultural activities through a different analytical lens.
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The document discusses the concept of paradigms in geography. It defines a paradigm as a set of beliefs and assumptions that shape how one views reality in a particular field. It notes that major paradigm shifts have occurred in geography, such as Ptolemy's geocentric model being replaced by Copernicus' heliocentric model. The document outlines several paradigms that have influenced geography, such as the romantic analytical paradigm of early geographers like Ritter and Humboldt, and the political geography paradigm associated with the rise of nation states. It also mentions that geography currently lacks complete revolutions and paradigms shifts, but different schools of thought are seeking new paradigms to better understand geographical regions.
Von thunen model
Von Thunen published his theory of agricultural land use patterns in 1826 in his book "The Isolated State". The theory was based on an isolated region with homogeneous climate and soil quality where the only mode of transportation was by foot. It proposed that there would be concentric zones of land use radiating from the city center based on transport costs and product perishability. Dairy farming would be in the innermost zone due to high transport costs of perishable products, followed by zones for forestry, vegetables, and grazing further from the city. The bid rent curve showed the relationship between economic rent and distance from the market. While pioneering, the theory was based on unrealistic assumptions and had limitations in applying to contemporary systems
Economic geography -an outline
The economy of the world is fast changing during the recent years.
The changes in primary, secondary and tertiary stages are dynamic in nature.
In view of this, the objectives of studying economic geography are to integrate several factors of economic development to acquaint with the dynamic aspects of the Scenario. This module is about basics of economic geography.
Von thunen’s model of agricultural land use
This presentation is based on a agricultural land use model around the city. This is the theory of urban Geography it describe the agricultural pattern and how should the agricultural activities perform around the city. basically this Model was put forwarded before industrialization and when there was no roads networks and this Model is not applicable in real word but is gives great ideas for developing new towns and cities.
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Karl Gunnar Myrdal was a Swedish economist who received the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1974. He is known for his theories of cumulative causation, backwash effects, and the need for government intervention to promote balanced regional development. According to Myrdal, free market forces tend to increase inequalities between developed and underdeveloped regions. The backwash effects of economic activity in developed regions drain wealth from poorer regions in a vicious cycle of underdevelopment.
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Health can be defined as physical, mental and social well-being, while illness refers to the presence of diagnosed diseases. Disease is a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of an organism. Health geography studies the interaction between people and the environment and how place impacts health, well-being and disease. Medical geography considers the distribution of specific diseases and human characteristics in relation to geographical features. Key approaches in health geography include the positive, social interaction, structuralist, and post-structuralist approaches, while approaches in medical geography include disease ecology, man-environment interactions, disease mapping, and associative analysis.
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This document discusses measures of fertility. It begins by defining fecundity and fertility in demography. It then outlines several key measures used to quantify birth performance and compare fertility levels, including crude birth rate (CBR), general fertility rate (GFR), general marital fertility rate (GMFR), age specific fertility rate (ASFR), total fertility rate (TFR), gross reproduction rate (GRR), and net reproduction rate (NRR). The document explains how to compute each of these measures and highlights their uses and limitations. It concludes by discussing replacement level fertility.
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Okey.pptx
Everett Lee proposed a comprehensive migration theory in 1966 that examines factors that influence population movement. The theory analyzes push factors that induce people to leave their origin, pull factors that attract people to destinations, and intervening obstacles between locations. While the model considers economic, cultural and environmental reasons for migration, it does not fully capture how personal factors can prevent migration even when destinations seem highly desirable. As a result, Lee's model generally overestimates migration levels compared to real world patterns, though the core concepts of pushes, pulls and obstacles still provide insight into migration decisions.
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Describe how a social worker would conceptualize a presenting problem related to structural issues or barriers that contribute to a client’s marginalization using the two theories you selected.
Upon reviewing the assigned readings related to theoretical approaches in regard to Psychological Theories of Poverty, I choose theories that demonstrate both the individual-related, and structural/cultural-related theories that address conceptualized representation of forseen structural issues and or barriers that further contribute to society’s experienced marginalization. The initial theory that represents individual related perspective, would be the ecological theory which in a sociological lens connects social entities with their environments. The two mentioned methods that are fundamental to the ecological theory are “adaptation and selection”. Adaptation can be referred as the process by which an entity modifies, in order to survive optimally within its given environment; selection is the process that highlights the less adapted to a set environments condition (Aldric, 1979). The ecological theory essentially can be known to emphasize one’s attention to the behavior of the social environment, and the nature of resiliency observed by behavior demonstrated (Turner & Lehning, 2007). The second theory, I elected to reference that I believe further referenced the marginalization contributed to issues and barriers is the naturalizing perspective theory in conjunction with the cultural-relativistic perspective, which validates that intrinsic biological factors that may lead to poverty in addition to suggesting that poorer communities experience different culture exposures from the rest of society. The culture of poverty theory focuses on the role social environments create in a culture of poverty, individuals classified in this category are more likely to experience family tensions, lack of refined emotions, along additional persistent familial, economical, and medical concerns (Turner & Lehning, 2007). This theory further explores the lack or poor political, economical, and social freedom that individuals are deprived of. Moreover, both theories allow social workers to further expand on issues that further debilitate communities that are more necessitated than others, among identifying the lack of resources, and or neglect of the targeted population. In which case, Social Workers can take it upon themselves to further facilitate further insight on resources the respected communities and or clients would benefit from yet utilizing cultural humility and competency.
Explain how this conceptualization differs from an individual-related versus a structural/cultural-related theoretical lens.
The conceptualized differences related to individual related, and cultural/structural related theories can be the complexities associated to the related theories. Social dysfunctionality specifically between the discomfort associated with culture and race is an eviden ...
Migration
This document discusses migration and its key aspects. It defines migration as the movement of people between locations with the intent to settle. The two main types of migration are international migration, which is between countries, and national migration, which occurs within a country's borders. Factors that influence migration include "push factors" like lack of opportunities or unrest in one place, and "pull factors" like better jobs or education elsewhere. Migration impacts places by causing rural depopulation, overpopulation in cities, limited resources, and high unemployment. The document concludes by recommending readers research measures to minimize unwarranted migration.
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It covers social mobility with it's types and the positive and negative mobility in our society
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CP2-2CP2-2Finding Financial InformationLO2-1, 2-2, 2-5, 2-6Refer to the financial statements of Urban Outfitters in Appendix C at the end of this book.Required:1. Use the company's balance sheet to determine the amounts in the accounting equation (A = L + SE) as of January 31, 2012. Assets=Liabilities+Shareholders’ Equity=+2. If the company were liquidated at the end of the current year (January 31, 2012), are the shareholders guaranteed to receive $1,066,268,000?Why or why not?3. What are the company's noncurrent liabilities?4. What is the company's current ratio?Current ===Ratio5. Did the company have a cash inflow or outflow from investing activities? Of how much?
CP2-2 Check FiguresCP2-2Finding Financial InformationLO2-1, 2-2, 2-5, 2-6Refer to the financial statements of Urban Outfitters in Appendix C at the end of this book.Required:1. Use the company's balance sheet to determine the amounts in the accounting equation (A = L + SE) as of January 31, 2012. Assets=Liabilities+Shareholders’ Equity=+2. If the company were liquidated at the end of the current year (January 31, 2012), are the shareholders guaranteed to receive $1,066,268,000?Why or why not?3. What are the company's noncurrent liabilities?4. What is the company's current ratio?Current ===2.56Ratio5. Did the company have a cash inflow or outflow from investing activities? Of how much?
Sheet2List 1List 2List 3YesCurrent AssetsNet Cash InflowNoTotal AssetsNet Cash OutflowCurrent LiabilitesTotal LiabilitiesTotal Shareholders' Equity
PEER RESPONSES: WEEK 5 - DISCUSSION 1&2
1
Engagement/ Participation: Respond to two of your classmates’
Distinguished - Contributes to classroom conversations with at least the minimum number of replies, all of which were thoughtful, relevant, and contributed meaningfully to the conversation. Fully engages in the conversation with appropriate topic-based responses.
Proficient - Contributes to classroom conversations with the minimum number of replies that are somewhat thoughtful, relevant, and contributed meaningfully to the conversation. Attempts to fully engage in the conversation with appropriate topic-based responses.
Peer Responses must be written as though you are speaking with the classmate, having a conversation that goes back and forth and expresses whether or not you agree or disagree with their point-of-view on the topic.
Week 5 - Discussion 1: Social Movements
W. Smallwood # 1
There are four different types of social movements, that focus on different ideas of change. these social movements are revolutionary, Reformative, reactionary, and the redemptive movements and all of these movements serve to better their communities, whether it is through violence or not, they see that the place that they call home must change in order to survive. The first is the revolutionary movement which is the more violent of the four different types, and seeks a complete transformation in .
Economic Essays.pdf
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· Reference #1 - Hodges, J. & Gill, R. (2015). Sustaining Change i.docx
· Reference #1 - Hodges, J. & Gill, R. (2015). Sustaining Change in Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications
The Nature, Impact and Management of Attitudes Towards Change
11
Overview
• To understand why people react to change the way they do, leaders and managers need to view the change from other people’s perspectives tounderstand the concerns people have about change.
• Responses to change will vary depending on the nature and impact the change has on individuals.
• Attitudes to change range from positive acceptance to scepticism and cynicism to outright opposition. Many individuals do respond positively tochange.
• Trust is a condition for successful change. Employees’ trust in leaders and managers, as well as in the organization, is an expression of confidence in their reliability and honesty in times of change and uncertainty (Zeffane and Connell, 2003). Organizational change initiatives can significantly erode trust both in the organization and in its management (Morgan and Zeffane, 2003).
• Gaining commitment and involving people in the change can build trust and positive attitudes towards the change. Participation in the changeprocess is important for helping to reduce negative responses to change by reducing anxiety, creating a stronger sense of ownership and enabling individuals to actively contribute to the shaping of change.
People are at the core of sustaining change in organizations and also represent the greatest challenge to the mastery of change. Structures, systems, processes and strategies are relatively simple to understand and even fix. People, however, are more complex. They have different backgrounds, abilities, personalities, dispositions, ‘hang-ups’, interests, motivations and aspirations. Change can have a different impact on each individual, all of which can cause different attitudes and reactions. The complexities of human responses to change are often ignored when change is planned. According to Woodward and Hendry (2004: 164), one-third of senior managers acknowledge that the people aspects are ignored in their changeprogrammes. This is quite a shocking statistic, for as Jick and Peiperl (2003) point out, any organization that believes change can take hold without considering how people will react to it is in deep delusion. Choi (2011) echoes this and observes that change often fails because those leading the change pay insufficient attention to how change affects individuals.
Leaders need to be aware of the attitudes towards change of their employees, such as:
• What might be their anticipated emotional and attitudinal reactions to the change?
• What determines employees’ willingness to change and how can it be influenced?
• What different responses can be expected from different people?
• How can this information be used in planning the change?
Leaders often gloss over such issues, yet it is human behaviour that ultimately will sustain change in organizations. Yet as Bridge.
Global Migration
Global migration refers to people moving to live in foreign countries, often for work. It is a protected human right for people to freely move and migrate. There are many reasons why people migrate globally, including seeking job opportunities, reuniting families, fleeing from situations of injustice and war. The push-pull factors also influence migration - push factors relate to conditions that force people to leave their home country, like lack of jobs or conflict, while pull factors are benefits of opportunities in the destination country that attract migrants, such as potential for a successful career. Migrating can improve quality of life by providing new experiences and opportunities not previously available.
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The document discusses opportunities for foundations to promote economic recovery in a just, transformative way that addresses racial disparities. It argues for a targeted universalism approach to policy that recognizes how different groups are situated and aims to reduce gaps between communities. The stimulus package is analyzed as an example, noting projections that benefits may not reach all racial groups equally and calling for race-sensitive design and accountability measures.HUMAN MIGRATION (APPLIED ECONOMICS)
Here are some key factors that affect Filipinos to move to other countries or places:
- Lack of employment opportunities in the Philippines - Many Filipinos seek work abroad due to limited jobs and low wages at home. Countries like the US, Canada, and Middle Eastern nations offer higher pay for Filipino nurses, engineers, etc.
- Poverty and low standard of living - As an developing country, poverty remains a challenge in the Philippines. Overseas work is seen as a way to earn more money and support families back home.
- Desire to provide better future for children - Filipino migrant workers want to give their children access to better education, healthcare and standard of living not readily available in the
Social Mobility in America: what is it? And why is it important?
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globalmigration-211013044057.pptx presentaton
Global migration refers to people moving to live in foreign countries, often for work. Moving is a protected human right that allows people to freely choose to emigrate, whether temporarily or permanently, for reasons such as jobs, family, or escaping injustice and war. People migrate due to various push and pull factors - push factors drive people from their home country due to problems like poverty, conflict, or lack of jobs, while pull factors attract migrants to new locations that offer better opportunities not available in their home country. Migration can improve migrants' quality of life by providing new jobs, safety, and experiences learning a new culture.
Analysis Essay Definition. Online assignment writing service.
The document discusses a potential reboot of the 1993 Disney film "Hocus Pocus" as a made-for-TV movie on the Disney Channel. It is in the early stages of development and will not be ready for the 2022 Halloween season. While the scriptwriter and producer have been chosen, the original director and cast will not return. The reboot will feature all new characters and push the imaginative elements of the story further than the original film.
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Lees-Migration-Model.pptx
- 1. Lee's Migration Model Peyton Howell and Suvan Paturi
- 3. What is it About? Lee’s migration model is a model that accounts for push/pull factors and intervening obstacles in order to predict migration patterns. It advocates the idea that intervening obstacles can block migration to certain areas, while push and pull factors can promote migration out of an old area to a new one. The model is used alongside Ravenstein’s “Laws” of Migration, the Migration Transition Model, and other models in order to show migratory patterns
- 4. What is a Push Factor? Definition: Factor that induces people to leave old residences A Push Factor in simpler terms is anything that forces people to move out of a certain area The three main types of push factors are economic, cultural and environmental push factors Within these three groups there are a variety of push factors but some notable ones are few opportunities, discrimination, loss of wealth, war, etc. As shown in the model, the push factors are what drive people out of Location A
- 5. What is a Pull Factor? Definition: Factor that induces people to move to a new location In other words it it is the things that cause a group to migrate to a certain area. Similar to push factors it is divided into economic, cultural, and environmental factors, but unlike push factors which deals with the reason for leaving, pull factors deal with the reasons for moving to certain place There are many pull factors but a couple include job opportunities, better living conditions, attractive climate, security, etc. Pull factors are an integral part of Lee’s migration model as they show why certain groups desire to go to certain locations (In the model, reasons for going to Location B).
- 6. What are Intervening Obstacles? Definition: An environmental or cultural feature of the land that hinders migration In simpler terms, intervening obstacles are the things that prevent a migration to a certain area, mainly to do with features of the land. The two main types of intervening obstacles are cultural and physical/environmental intervening obstacles Some cultural intervening obstacles are cultural taboos on travel or traversing hostile territory, while some environmental intervening obstacles can include physical features such as mountains or deserts Intervening obstacles are a key aspect of the model because they help us identify the intervening place between Location A and Location B
- 7. What will Cause People to Migrate? In both the initial (Location A) and the target place (Location B), there are positive and negative factors. There has to be more positive reasons to migrate than there are negative for a person or group to choose to leave. The intervening obstacles also have to be easy enough to overcome to migrate. EX: If it would take multiple years to get to the final location, the person would be deterred to migrate even if it was a utopia like society.
- 8. Problems with The Model It doesn’t account for the fact that people don’t always have the ability to act upon migration decisions. Family and Friends telling them to say The amount of work it may take to migrate It only looks at accessibility and desirability of migration (too simple). People may differ in their ability to migrate no matter how desirable it may seem. Being in debt, or extremely poor
- 10. How it Works in the Real World In the real world, Lee’s model works similar to the theory. Overall, people are less likely to migrate than Lee’s model suggests. In principle, it works, but not as perfectly as it could. Example: Tom wants to move to an ideal utopian country from the US Push factors: not perfect society Intervening Obstacles: Family and friends can't come, high cost of leaving, possibility of failing and having to stay if denied entrance Pull Factors: ideal utopian society (peace, prosperity, everyone gets along) Tom ends up migrating
- 11. Conclusion Lee’s model accounts for push/pull factors and intervening obstacles in order to predict migratory patterns A push factor is a reason to leave a country or place A pull factor is a reason to come to a place An intervening obstacle is something in the way of migration Lee’s model is is not perfect because it does not account for human nature