The Byzantine Empire emerged as the Eastern Roman Empire while the Western Roman Empire declined. The Byzantine Empire had its capital in Constantinople, a wealthy trade city located strategically between the Mediterranean and Black Seas. While the Byzantine Empire shared similarities with the Western Roman Empire like its use of Latin, Roman architecture styles, and absolute rule by emperors, differences grew over time, particularly in religion, as the Eastern and Western Christian churches developed separately and eventually split in the Great Schism of 1054 CE into the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church.
History of Architecture 2
Report by: Group 1 (Leader: Camille Tecson)
DLS-College of St. Benilde
School of Architecture
2nd Term S.Y. 2015-16
January 2016
History of Architecture 2
Report by: Group 1 (Leader: Camille Tecson)
DLS-College of St. Benilde
School of Architecture
2nd Term S.Y. 2015-16
January 2016
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
3. The Fall of the Roman EmpireAfter the Pax Romana,
the Roman Empire
entered an era of decline
The Roman Empire had a
series of weak emperors
Romans had a large
trade imbalance
(they bought more than
they produced)
As Rome grew more in
debt, the military became
weak & began using
foreign mercenary soldiers
4. ■ Text
Emperor Diocletian tried to save
Rome by dividing the empire
The Western Roman
Empire continued to
grow weak
Emperor Constantine moved
the Roman capital to
Constantinople in the Eastern
Roman Empire
5. The Fall of the Roman EmpireBy 476, barbarians conquered
the Western Roman Empire
The Western Roman Empire
fell into the Middle Ages
(“Dark Ages”) from 500 to 1300 C.E.
7. The Fall of the Roman EmpireWhile the Western
Roman Empire was in
decline…
…the Eastern Roman Empire
remained strong
The Eastern Roman Empire
became known as the
Byzantine Empire
8. How did physical geography impact the
Byzantine capital of Constantinople?
■ Text
9. The Byzantine capital was Constantinople
Constantinople was a wealthy
trade city located between the
Mediterranean & Black Seas
11. The Byzantine Empire
■Citizens in the Byzantine Empire thought of
themselves as Romans & they shared some
similarities with the Roman Empire:
–The Byzantine Empire kept alive Greco-
Roman culture
–Constantinople was a
center for learning
where schools taught
philosophy, medicine,
Greek and Latin
grammar, geometry
12. The Byzantine Empire
■Citizens in the Byzantine Empire thought
of themselves as Romans & they shared
some similarities with the Roman Empire:
Byzantine Hagia Sophia
How was architecture similar?
Roman Pantheon
13. The Byzantine Empire
■Citizens in the Byzantine Empire thought
of themselves as Romans & they shared
some similarities with the Roman Empire:
–Constantinople used Roman-style
architecture such
as arches & domes
–Byzantine cities
had forums for
trade & arenas
to entertain
citizens
14. One of the most impressive architectural
buildings in the Byzantine Empire was a
Christian cathedral called the Hagia Sophia
15. The Byzantine Empire
■Citizens in the Byzantine Empire thought
of themselves as Romans & they shared
some similarities with the Roman Empire:
–The official
language
was Latin,
but most
Byzantines
spoke
Greek
16. The Byzantine Empire
■Citizens in the Byzantine Empire thought
of themselves as Romans & they shared
some similarities with the Roman Empire:
Religion in the
Byzantine Empire
Religion in the
late Roman Empire
How was
religion
similar?
17. Because of its location close to Judea, most
Byzantines had converted to Christianity
before those in the Western Roman Empire
18. The Byzantine Empire
Roman
government
Byzantine
government
How was
government
similar?
■Citizens in the Byzantine Empire thought
of themselves as Romans & they shared
some similarities with the Roman Empire:
–Both the Roman & Byzantine
Empires were ruled by
emperors who had absolute
power over the empire
–Justinian was the most
famous Byzantine Emperor
19. About 50 years after the fall of Rome,
Byzantine Emperor Justinian came to power
& began reconquering Roman territories
20. In addition to empire building,
what else did Emperor Justinian value?
21. The Justinian Code
■To oversee his new empire, Justinian
ordered legal experts to consolidate old
Roman laws into a single law code
–The Justinian Code served as the legal
basis for criminal justice, marriage,
property, slavery, & women’s rights
–The law code became one of the most
important legacies of the Byzantine
Empire & served as the basis for laws for
the next 900 years
22. ■In addition to expanding the empire &
creating a uniform set of laws, Emperor
Justinian also began large building projects
–He ordered the construction of the
Hagia Sophia
to show the
importance of
the church
–He built hospitals,
aqueducts,
public baths,
schools, & courts
Justinian
23. ■Justinian’s wife Theodora
had a lot of power &
influence in the
Byzantine Empire:
–She met with & wrote
to foreign leaders
–She advised Justinian
& helped him pass laws
–She encouraged
building of Christian
cathedrals
Empress Theodora
24. The Division of Christianity
■Because of the distance & lack of contact
between Byzantine Empire & Western
Europe, Christianity developed differently
–All Christians
based their
faith on Jesus
& the Bible
–But they had
different
practices
to show
their faith
25. The Division of Christianity
■Christians were organized the same way:
–Archbishops & bishops oversaw regions
where Christianity was practiced
–Priests led
individual
churches
■But, Christians
in the East &
West disagreed
over leadership
of the Church
26. The Division of Christianity
■Christians in
Western Europe:
–Believed that there
should be a Pope to
oversee bishops &
give authority to all
Christians
–Christians in Western
Europe accepted the
authority of the Pope
27. The Division of Christianity
■Christians in Eastern Europe:
–Believed that the Byzantine
Emperor had authority over
issues involving Christianity
–Byzantine emperors relied
on a Patriarch to oversee
the church, but the emperor
had final authority
–Christians in the Byzantine
Empire did not accept the
authority of the Pope
28.
29. The Division of Christianity
■One of the biggest controversies among
Christians was the use of icons:
–Icons were religious
images to help
Christians in their
prayers & worship
–Some Christians thought
this was “idol worship”
–In 730, the Byzantine
Emperor banned icons
& many Christians rioted
30. Emperor Leo III ordered
the destruction of icons
in the Byzantine Empire
Riots broke out between
people who wanted icons
& iconoclasts (those who
wanted to ban icons)
The Pope in Western Europe
supported the use of icons &
called the Byzantine Emperor a
heretic (a believer of false ideas)
The Pope
excommunicated
the emperor
(kicked him out
of the church)
31. The Division of Christianity
■These disagreements led to deep divisions
among Christians & the Great Schism (split)
occurred in 1054 C.E.:
32. The Division of ChristianityChristians in Western
Europe became the
Roman Catholic Church
Christians in Eastern
Europe became the
Eastern Orthodox Church
33. The Division of Christianity
Roman Catholics & Eastern Orthodox
Christians practice their regions differently:
