This document provides an overview of global migration trends and the causes and effects of human migration. It notes that 191 million people lived outside their country of birth in 2005, which is double the number since World War II. The main causes of migration discussed are economic factors like employment opportunities, political factors like war or persecution, and social factors like family reunification. The effects outlined include impacts on immigrants, host countries, home countries, and multi-national issues.

1. Introduction to Migration presented by

2. Migration is Global In 2005, 191 million people were counted as living outside the country of their birth The number of migrants worldwide has doubled since World War II If they lived in the same place, international migrants would form the 5th most populous country in the world

3. Migration is Global Source: United Nations Population Division. Trends in Total Migrant Stock, 2005 Revision . p 11.

4. Why do people migrate? Economics ( push/pull factors ) Politics ( push factors ) Social Forces ( pull factors )

5. Economic Causes of Migration Migration in search of better economic conditions, employment, etc. Migration to escape overpopulation and its effects Migration to escape poor climate conditions such as drought, el Niño, etc. Migration to escape natural disasters

6. Political Causes of Migration Migration to escape war, invasion, military takeover, etc. Migration to escape persecution on ethnic, political, religious, or other grounds Migration to escape prosecution for crimes committed

7. Political Causes of Migration Migration as punishment for crimes committed Migration as a result of enslavement Forced migration, with or without political agreement

8. Social Causes of Migration Migration to spread a religion Migration to reunite with family, friends, etc. who have previously migrated Migration to spread a political philosophy, such as Marxism, democracy, etc. Migration to find personal freedom, to live a certain lifestyle, or to hold certain beliefs, not necessarily as the result of persecution

9. What are the effects of migration? Effects on the immigrants Effects on the host country Effects on the home country Multi-national issues

10. Effects on the Immigrants Issues of identity Issues of adaptation and assimilation Differing cultural values between generations

11. Effects on the Host Country Economic impacts positive and negative real and perceived Welfare issues Social attitudes

12. Effects on the Home Country Remittances Loss of revenue

13. Top 20 Remittance-Receiving Countries (by $ amount) Source: World Bank. Global Economic Prospects 2006: Economic Implications of Remittances and Migration. 90.

14. Top 20 Remittance-Receiving Countries (by % of GDP) Source: World Bank. Global Economic Prospects 2006: Economic Implications of Remittances and Migration. 90.

15. Effects on the Home Country Families left behind “ Brain drain” Population decrease

16. Multi-National Issues “ Open border” policies Immigration policies Security issues Human trafficking/slavery

17. Human Trafficking

18. Human Trafficking