This document discusses case studies of how women were impacted during natural disasters at both the national and global level. At the national level, it examines the 2001 Bhuj earthquake in Gujarat, India. It notes that women suffered greater casualties than men during the earthquake since they were typically doing household chores indoors. In the aftermath, many women were widowed or orphaned, leaving them vulnerable without support. At the global level, it examines the 2008 Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar and the challenges women faced during the relief efforts.
What you will learn
- To understand the events that will occur during a geological disaster
- To prepare you to perform the roles, responsibilities
- To understand the role of international organization in disaster management
1) Community-based disaster management (CBDM) empowers local communities to manage risks and disasters through their participation in prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery efforts.
2) Case studies of CBDM programs in several Asian countries found that key factors for success included meaningful community participation, capacity building, training, and integrating projects into long-term development plans.
3) Examples of CBDM programs discussed include rebuilding efforts after earthquakes in India and Afghanistan, retrofitting schools to make them earthquake resilient, and developing construction guidelines and training masons.
This document summarizes a seminar on disaster management. It defines disasters and outlines their global and Indian scenarios. The presentation classified disasters into natural and man-made categories and described different types within each. It discussed the phases of a disaster from pre-impact to post-impact and outlined challenges to disaster planning. Key principles of disaster management were presented, including the responsibilities of different government spheres and the focus on large-scale events. The phases of disaster management - preparedness, impact, response, rehabilitation and mitigation - were also summarized.
The document discusses the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA), which is a 10-year plan adopted by UN Member States in 2005 to make nations and communities more resilient to disasters. It aimed to substantially reduce disaster losses by 2015 through cooperation across governments, agencies, and other partners. The HFA outlined five priorities for action and provided principles and strategies to achieve disaster resilience at local, national, regional and international levels.
Role of non government organizations in disaster managementPramoda Raj
NGOs play an important role in all phases of disaster management from pre-disaster awareness raising and preparedness to post-disaster relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction. They provide emergency aid like food, shelter, and medical care. NGOs also assist with non-emergency activities such as education, livelihood restoration, and infrastructure development. Key activities of NGOs include raising awareness, training local communities, promoting disaster-resilient construction, providing emergency and long-term assistance, and collaborating with the government and other organizations. However, NGO response can be challenged by lack of coordination, inadequate adherence to standards, and neglect of remote areas.
“Women are not only victims, they have driving power of changes, exclusive knowledge and skills that have crucial importance for providing solutions and managing risks”.
During the last 10 years 3 400 natural disasters took place in the world – hurricanes, floods earthquakes and other natural calamities. More than 700000 people died, more than 1,4 mln were injured and 23mln lost shelter. In general disaster affected 1,5 bln people and women, children and vulnerable people were most affected.
Here are the key points from the case:
- MERCY Malaysia provided trauma counseling and psychosocial programming to help survivors of the Indian Ocean tsunami that devastated Sri Lanka.
- They deployed Tamil-speaking mental health volunteers to ensure beneficiaries fully benefited from counseling support.
- 500 of the 2,000 survivors counseled were children, who received counseling through art and play therapy.
- Volunteers visited internally displaced persons camps to provide individual, family, and community-based psychosocial intervention and counseling.
- Educational posters on tsunamis were also developed to provide information to survivors.
This case highlights the important role of NGOs like MERCY Malaysia in providing trauma counseling and psychosocial
Community-based disaster management (CBDM) is an approach to building community capacity to assess vulnerabilities to hazards, develop strategies to prevent and mitigate impacts, and respond to and recover from disasters using local resources. Effective CBDM requires communities to be aware of risks, understand potential impacts, accept personal responsibility, and take action during warnings. It also requires partnerships between communities and outside organizations, community participation in all phases, empowerment of local people, and a sense of community ownership.
What you will learn
- To understand the events that will occur during a geological disaster
- To prepare you to perform the roles, responsibilities
- To understand the role of international organization in disaster management
1) Community-based disaster management (CBDM) empowers local communities to manage risks and disasters through their participation in prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery efforts.
2) Case studies of CBDM programs in several Asian countries found that key factors for success included meaningful community participation, capacity building, training, and integrating projects into long-term development plans.
3) Examples of CBDM programs discussed include rebuilding efforts after earthquakes in India and Afghanistan, retrofitting schools to make them earthquake resilient, and developing construction guidelines and training masons.
This document summarizes a seminar on disaster management. It defines disasters and outlines their global and Indian scenarios. The presentation classified disasters into natural and man-made categories and described different types within each. It discussed the phases of a disaster from pre-impact to post-impact and outlined challenges to disaster planning. Key principles of disaster management were presented, including the responsibilities of different government spheres and the focus on large-scale events. The phases of disaster management - preparedness, impact, response, rehabilitation and mitigation - were also summarized.
The document discusses the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA), which is a 10-year plan adopted by UN Member States in 2005 to make nations and communities more resilient to disasters. It aimed to substantially reduce disaster losses by 2015 through cooperation across governments, agencies, and other partners. The HFA outlined five priorities for action and provided principles and strategies to achieve disaster resilience at local, national, regional and international levels.
Role of non government organizations in disaster managementPramoda Raj
NGOs play an important role in all phases of disaster management from pre-disaster awareness raising and preparedness to post-disaster relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction. They provide emergency aid like food, shelter, and medical care. NGOs also assist with non-emergency activities such as education, livelihood restoration, and infrastructure development. Key activities of NGOs include raising awareness, training local communities, promoting disaster-resilient construction, providing emergency and long-term assistance, and collaborating with the government and other organizations. However, NGO response can be challenged by lack of coordination, inadequate adherence to standards, and neglect of remote areas.
“Women are not only victims, they have driving power of changes, exclusive knowledge and skills that have crucial importance for providing solutions and managing risks”.
During the last 10 years 3 400 natural disasters took place in the world – hurricanes, floods earthquakes and other natural calamities. More than 700000 people died, more than 1,4 mln were injured and 23mln lost shelter. In general disaster affected 1,5 bln people and women, children and vulnerable people were most affected.
Here are the key points from the case:
- MERCY Malaysia provided trauma counseling and psychosocial programming to help survivors of the Indian Ocean tsunami that devastated Sri Lanka.
- They deployed Tamil-speaking mental health volunteers to ensure beneficiaries fully benefited from counseling support.
- 500 of the 2,000 survivors counseled were children, who received counseling through art and play therapy.
- Volunteers visited internally displaced persons camps to provide individual, family, and community-based psychosocial intervention and counseling.
- Educational posters on tsunamis were also developed to provide information to survivors.
This case highlights the important role of NGOs like MERCY Malaysia in providing trauma counseling and psychosocial
Community-based disaster management (CBDM) is an approach to building community capacity to assess vulnerabilities to hazards, develop strategies to prevent and mitigate impacts, and respond to and recover from disasters using local resources. Effective CBDM requires communities to be aware of risks, understand potential impacts, accept personal responsibility, and take action during warnings. It also requires partnerships between communities and outside organizations, community participation in all phases, empowerment of local people, and a sense of community ownership.
Role of women in disaster management Experience from Asia and Africa presente...Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak
Role of women in disaster management
Experience from Asia and Africa
"To awaken the people, it is the women who must be awakened. Once she is on the move, the family moves, the village moves, the nation moves".
Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru
This document outlines the process of community-based disaster risk management (CBDRM). CBDRM aims to actively engage at-risk communities in identifying, analyzing, treating, monitoring, and evaluating disaster risks to reduce vulnerabilities and enhance capacities. The key steps in the CBDRM process include selecting communities, building rapport, participatory risk assessment and planning, establishing community disaster management organizations, community-led implementation, and participatory monitoring and evaluation. The overall goals are to reduce disaster risks and strengthen communities' ability to cope with hazards.
This document outlines topics to be presented on disaster management including definitions of disaster and disaster management, types of disasters, examples of natural and man-made disasters, disaster management techniques, and views on controlling disasters. The topics include what is a disaster and disaster management, types of natural disasters like floods, tsunamis and earthquakes. It provides the example of Cyclone Hudhud that affected Visakhapatnam, India in 2014 and discusses pre-disaster, during disaster and post-disaster management techniques including using advanced technology. It concludes with discussing disaster reports and protection of humanity in disaster reduction.
This document outlines the importance of emergency preparedness and response planning for disasters. Key points include:
1) Advance planning, ability to mobilize resources quickly, and practice drills are essential to effective emergency response. Clear lines of authority and coordination between levels of government and organizations are needed.
2) Detailed response plans must be prepared in advance, identify responsibilities, and include inventory of resources, contact information, and trigger mechanisms. Plans must be reviewed and practiced regularly.
3) Training of emergency response teams is critical. Exercises help identify gaps and develop backup strategies. Advance preparation and warning systems can help minimize disaster impacts. Response does not end with the event and lessons learned should inform future plans.
The media plays an important role in disaster management by covering natural and human-made disasters and raising awareness. To effectively fulfill this role, disaster management organizations should establish direct relationships with media. Experience shows that regular interactions with media before a disaster improves information sharing and coordination during the response. The media can contribute by prioritizing disaster risk issues, facilitating early warning systems, increasing international donations, and improving coordination between policymakers and donors. Engaging youth volunteers in all phases of disaster management from preparedness to recovery can strengthen community resilience.
The document discusses the role of social workers in disaster management. Social workers can play an important role both before (pre-disaster) and after (post-disaster) situations. In pre-disaster situations, their roles include policy development, risk and vulnerability assessments, prevention and mitigation activities, preparedness planning, and disaster risk reduction. In post-disaster situations, social workers assist with damage assessments, providing support to victims, coordinating disaster response and recovery efforts, and facilitating rehabilitation programs. The document provides details on the various activities social workers undertake in each phase of disaster management.
1. Role of Stakeholders in disaster management-Tahseen.pptxanjalatchi
This document discusses the role of multiple stakeholders in disaster management. It outlines that communities, media, non-governmental organizations, the private sector, educational institutions, international agencies, and the scientific community all play important roles. Communities are the first responders and community-based disaster risk reduction is key. Media helps disseminate important information. NGOs provide an effective link between agencies and communities. The private sector and educational institutions provide resources and infrastructure. International agencies provide funding and support. Scientists contribute to risk assessment and forecasting. Effectively engaging all of these stakeholders is important for disaster management.
Defines disasters and conflict, delineates gender issues in conflicts and disasters, summarises UN Conventions/agreements on gender, disasters and conflict and good practices in addresses gender issues in conflicts and disasters
The document discusses policy and institutions for disaster management. It emphasizes the importance of having a clear disaster management framework with a lead institution that has the mandate and capacity to coordinate response efforts across sectors. Effective disaster management requires defining roles and responsibilities among institutions, enabling cross-sectoral coordination, and allowing a shift from relief-focused approaches to more prevention and preparedness.
This document provides an overview of basic concepts and frameworks related to disaster management in India. It defines key terms like disaster, hazard, risk, and vulnerability. It outlines the disaster management cycle of preparedness, relief, mitigation, rehabilitation and reconstruction. It also describes the types of disasters India faces, the vulnerability of different regions, and the institutional framework for disaster management at national, state and district levels as established by the Disaster Management Act of 2005.
The document discusses disaster management and planning. It defines disasters as crisis situations that exceed recovery capabilities. Disasters are classified as natural (earthquakes, floods) or man-made (war, accidents). Disaster management includes developing recovery plans and implementing them when disasters occur. Good disaster planning involves anticipating types of disasters, developing prevention, preparation, response and recovery measures, and drawing on community and expert wisdom. It is a collective responsibility requiring government, community and private sector cooperation.
The document discusses the concept of vulnerability analysis. It begins by outlining the components of risk such as magnitude, frequency, and duration of hazards. It then examines how vulnerability is socially constructed and influenced by economic, political, and cultural factors. Trends show disasters are increasing in number and cost. The document explores how vulnerability has changed from the 1950s to now due to factors like population growth, urbanization, and inequality. It provides definitions of vulnerability and discusses approaches to reducing vulnerability through community-focused, bottom-up methods. The conclusion suggests disaster risk reduction programs aim to be sustainable and integrated across all phases of the disaster cycle.
What is Community Participation
Community participation, generally, refers to the involvement of people in any project to solve their own problems or to develop their socio-economic conditions. They participate in setting goals, and preparing, implementing and evaluating plans and programs.
Basically, it is a dynamic group process in which all members of a group contribute, share or are influenced by the interchange of ideas and activities toward problem-solving or decision-making .
The organisation and management of the resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies. The aim is to reduce the harmful effects of all hazards.
The document summarizes a presentation by Dr. Riyanti Djalante on urban disaster risk reduction. It provides an overview of her background and research interests, which include conceptual frameworks for hazards, risks, vulnerability and resilience. It then outlines key concepts related to disaster risk reduction and frameworks such as the Hyogo Framework and Sendai Framework. The presentation discusses how cities face increased disaster risks due to factors like population concentration, infrastructure development, and effects of climate change. It analyzes the risks cities face from hazards like flooding, earthquakes and storms. The presentation emphasizes the importance of understanding risk and implementing measures to strengthen urban resilience and disaster preparedness.
Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) Nazir Ahmed
This document discusses community-based disaster risk management through local community groups. It defines key concepts, outlines the purpose and categories of community groups, and describes the typical group cycle. It emphasizes the importance of community initiatives in disaster risk reduction and management. Successful community-based disaster management involves central roles for the community in assessing risks and developing locally appropriate solutions. Local community groups, social workers, and capacity building can strengthen community preparedness and response to disasters.
This document provides an overview of disaster management principles including:
- The phases of disaster management including preparation, response, and recovery for both pre-hospital and hospital settings.
- Key considerations for pre-hospital response including scene management using the CATT approach (command, assessment, triage, treatment, transport) and triage methods.
- Guidelines for hospital response including activating disaster plans, surge capacity, and tiered response to priorities of casualties from external disasters.
- Emphasis is placed on planning, preparation, and practice through testing plans and meetings to coordinate an effective multi-agency response.
Disaster management involves dealing with and avoiding both natural and man-made disasters through preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation efforts. It aims to reduce vulnerabilities and impacts through organized and sustained actions to analyze and manage hazards and the underlying risks. Key aspects of disaster management include preparedness before a disaster through activities like risk assessment, warning systems, and stockpiling resources; immediate response efforts during an event; and long-term rehabilitation and reconstruction work after an event to support regrowth. Effective disaster management requires coordination and planning across different levels of government, organizations, and communities.
The document summarizes district disaster preparedness initiatives and key learnings in Nepal. It discusses initiatives like risk assessments, awareness campaigns, community capacity building, early warning systems, and preparedness measures. Major achievements highlighted include the establishment of disaster management committees, allocation of resources to disaster risk reduction by village districts, and the development of district disaster management plans. Key learnings focus on standardizing disaster planning processes, strengthening coordination mechanisms, and the need to link relief efforts with long-term risk reduction and development strategies.
Role of women in disaster management Experience from Asia and Africa presente...Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak
Role of women in disaster management
Experience from Asia and Africa
"To awaken the people, it is the women who must be awakened. Once she is on the move, the family moves, the village moves, the nation moves".
Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru
This document outlines the process of community-based disaster risk management (CBDRM). CBDRM aims to actively engage at-risk communities in identifying, analyzing, treating, monitoring, and evaluating disaster risks to reduce vulnerabilities and enhance capacities. The key steps in the CBDRM process include selecting communities, building rapport, participatory risk assessment and planning, establishing community disaster management organizations, community-led implementation, and participatory monitoring and evaluation. The overall goals are to reduce disaster risks and strengthen communities' ability to cope with hazards.
This document outlines topics to be presented on disaster management including definitions of disaster and disaster management, types of disasters, examples of natural and man-made disasters, disaster management techniques, and views on controlling disasters. The topics include what is a disaster and disaster management, types of natural disasters like floods, tsunamis and earthquakes. It provides the example of Cyclone Hudhud that affected Visakhapatnam, India in 2014 and discusses pre-disaster, during disaster and post-disaster management techniques including using advanced technology. It concludes with discussing disaster reports and protection of humanity in disaster reduction.
This document outlines the importance of emergency preparedness and response planning for disasters. Key points include:
1) Advance planning, ability to mobilize resources quickly, and practice drills are essential to effective emergency response. Clear lines of authority and coordination between levels of government and organizations are needed.
2) Detailed response plans must be prepared in advance, identify responsibilities, and include inventory of resources, contact information, and trigger mechanisms. Plans must be reviewed and practiced regularly.
3) Training of emergency response teams is critical. Exercises help identify gaps and develop backup strategies. Advance preparation and warning systems can help minimize disaster impacts. Response does not end with the event and lessons learned should inform future plans.
The media plays an important role in disaster management by covering natural and human-made disasters and raising awareness. To effectively fulfill this role, disaster management organizations should establish direct relationships with media. Experience shows that regular interactions with media before a disaster improves information sharing and coordination during the response. The media can contribute by prioritizing disaster risk issues, facilitating early warning systems, increasing international donations, and improving coordination between policymakers and donors. Engaging youth volunteers in all phases of disaster management from preparedness to recovery can strengthen community resilience.
The document discusses the role of social workers in disaster management. Social workers can play an important role both before (pre-disaster) and after (post-disaster) situations. In pre-disaster situations, their roles include policy development, risk and vulnerability assessments, prevention and mitigation activities, preparedness planning, and disaster risk reduction. In post-disaster situations, social workers assist with damage assessments, providing support to victims, coordinating disaster response and recovery efforts, and facilitating rehabilitation programs. The document provides details on the various activities social workers undertake in each phase of disaster management.
1. Role of Stakeholders in disaster management-Tahseen.pptxanjalatchi
This document discusses the role of multiple stakeholders in disaster management. It outlines that communities, media, non-governmental organizations, the private sector, educational institutions, international agencies, and the scientific community all play important roles. Communities are the first responders and community-based disaster risk reduction is key. Media helps disseminate important information. NGOs provide an effective link between agencies and communities. The private sector and educational institutions provide resources and infrastructure. International agencies provide funding and support. Scientists contribute to risk assessment and forecasting. Effectively engaging all of these stakeholders is important for disaster management.
Defines disasters and conflict, delineates gender issues in conflicts and disasters, summarises UN Conventions/agreements on gender, disasters and conflict and good practices in addresses gender issues in conflicts and disasters
The document discusses policy and institutions for disaster management. It emphasizes the importance of having a clear disaster management framework with a lead institution that has the mandate and capacity to coordinate response efforts across sectors. Effective disaster management requires defining roles and responsibilities among institutions, enabling cross-sectoral coordination, and allowing a shift from relief-focused approaches to more prevention and preparedness.
This document provides an overview of basic concepts and frameworks related to disaster management in India. It defines key terms like disaster, hazard, risk, and vulnerability. It outlines the disaster management cycle of preparedness, relief, mitigation, rehabilitation and reconstruction. It also describes the types of disasters India faces, the vulnerability of different regions, and the institutional framework for disaster management at national, state and district levels as established by the Disaster Management Act of 2005.
The document discusses disaster management and planning. It defines disasters as crisis situations that exceed recovery capabilities. Disasters are classified as natural (earthquakes, floods) or man-made (war, accidents). Disaster management includes developing recovery plans and implementing them when disasters occur. Good disaster planning involves anticipating types of disasters, developing prevention, preparation, response and recovery measures, and drawing on community and expert wisdom. It is a collective responsibility requiring government, community and private sector cooperation.
The document discusses the concept of vulnerability analysis. It begins by outlining the components of risk such as magnitude, frequency, and duration of hazards. It then examines how vulnerability is socially constructed and influenced by economic, political, and cultural factors. Trends show disasters are increasing in number and cost. The document explores how vulnerability has changed from the 1950s to now due to factors like population growth, urbanization, and inequality. It provides definitions of vulnerability and discusses approaches to reducing vulnerability through community-focused, bottom-up methods. The conclusion suggests disaster risk reduction programs aim to be sustainable and integrated across all phases of the disaster cycle.
What is Community Participation
Community participation, generally, refers to the involvement of people in any project to solve their own problems or to develop their socio-economic conditions. They participate in setting goals, and preparing, implementing and evaluating plans and programs.
Basically, it is a dynamic group process in which all members of a group contribute, share or are influenced by the interchange of ideas and activities toward problem-solving or decision-making .
The organisation and management of the resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies. The aim is to reduce the harmful effects of all hazards.
The document summarizes a presentation by Dr. Riyanti Djalante on urban disaster risk reduction. It provides an overview of her background and research interests, which include conceptual frameworks for hazards, risks, vulnerability and resilience. It then outlines key concepts related to disaster risk reduction and frameworks such as the Hyogo Framework and Sendai Framework. The presentation discusses how cities face increased disaster risks due to factors like population concentration, infrastructure development, and effects of climate change. It analyzes the risks cities face from hazards like flooding, earthquakes and storms. The presentation emphasizes the importance of understanding risk and implementing measures to strengthen urban resilience and disaster preparedness.
Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) Nazir Ahmed
This document discusses community-based disaster risk management through local community groups. It defines key concepts, outlines the purpose and categories of community groups, and describes the typical group cycle. It emphasizes the importance of community initiatives in disaster risk reduction and management. Successful community-based disaster management involves central roles for the community in assessing risks and developing locally appropriate solutions. Local community groups, social workers, and capacity building can strengthen community preparedness and response to disasters.
This document provides an overview of disaster management principles including:
- The phases of disaster management including preparation, response, and recovery for both pre-hospital and hospital settings.
- Key considerations for pre-hospital response including scene management using the CATT approach (command, assessment, triage, treatment, transport) and triage methods.
- Guidelines for hospital response including activating disaster plans, surge capacity, and tiered response to priorities of casualties from external disasters.
- Emphasis is placed on planning, preparation, and practice through testing plans and meetings to coordinate an effective multi-agency response.
Disaster management involves dealing with and avoiding both natural and man-made disasters through preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation efforts. It aims to reduce vulnerabilities and impacts through organized and sustained actions to analyze and manage hazards and the underlying risks. Key aspects of disaster management include preparedness before a disaster through activities like risk assessment, warning systems, and stockpiling resources; immediate response efforts during an event; and long-term rehabilitation and reconstruction work after an event to support regrowth. Effective disaster management requires coordination and planning across different levels of government, organizations, and communities.
The document summarizes district disaster preparedness initiatives and key learnings in Nepal. It discusses initiatives like risk assessments, awareness campaigns, community capacity building, early warning systems, and preparedness measures. Major achievements highlighted include the establishment of disaster management committees, allocation of resources to disaster risk reduction by village districts, and the development of district disaster management plans. Key learnings focus on standardizing disaster planning processes, strengthening coordination mechanisms, and the need to link relief efforts with long-term risk reduction and development strategies.
The document defines disasters and outlines the roles of nurses in disaster management. It discusses:
1) Definitions of disasters from WHO and the American Red Cross as unanticipated events that cause human suffering beyond local capabilities.
2) Disaster nursing is adapting nursing skills to meet physical, emotional and nursing needs after disasters.
3) The phases of disaster management include preparedness, impact, response, rehabilitation and mitigation to reduce future impacts.
4) Nurses play important roles in all phases through community assessment, triage, ongoing surveillance, health teaching and psychological support.
The document discusses how climate change disproportionately impacts women. It notes that women are more dependent on natural resources for tasks like collecting water and food. Climate disasters exacerbate gender inequalities by increasing women's workloads and restricting their access to education and resources. The impacts of climate change on women are often overlooked in international agreements. Studies show women face higher risks during natural disasters and their agricultural livelihoods are threatened by climate impacts like changing rainfall patterns and food price increases.
Community based Information Network for Disaster Risk ReductionAkhmad Nasir
Presented at the 5th Ministerial Conference ASIAN ON DISASTER RISK REDUCTION Yogyakarta, Indonesia ~ October 22-25, 2012. This presentation consist of 4 sections. First, I will explain Combine's experience in disaster issues, in Aceh, Mentawai, Bantul, and Merapi. Secondly, I will share the findings and lessons from our activities in the field. Third, I will propose a recommendation for disaster risk reduction's program, through information management and communications strategy. Fourth, I will describe some of the potential that exists in Indonesia, to be developed into a program together.
Related links:
1. http://merapi.combine.or.id : JALIN Merapi website
2. http://tikusdarat.net : Information-Communication Emergency Situation Team (TIKUS DARAT)
1) Saritsa Foundation celebrated International Disaster Reduction Day from October 1-13, 2012 by organizing workshops in Udaipur, Rajasthan to empower girls and women to develop resilience and safety skills to cope with disasters.
2) The workshops educated over 20,000 people, including girls, women, disabled individuals, orphans, and medical staff, on guidelines from the Hyogo Framework and how to prepare disaster response plans using local resources.
3) Activities included awareness sessions, training, and mock drills to teach practical skills like first aid and using improvised equipment for flood evacuation. Saritsa Foundation aims to promote grassroots disaster risk reduction.
From local to global: sharing information literacy teaching as open education...Jane Secker
This document summarizes a presentation on open and sustainable ways to share teaching resources. It discusses definitions of open educational resources (OER) and communities of practice. Current methods of sharing are explored, such as repositories and sites used. Case studies from the University of Northampton and University of Leeds describe their OER programs. Barriers to sharing include finding high quality resources, and the role of communities of practice in supporting librarians globally in sharing materials is examined.
Women have to play different and diversified role in personal and social life. if we can take advantage of their personal, family and social role, we have a great opportunity to prepare our women who are playing role as mother, wife, sister, daughter, nurse etc in daily life as risks manager. if every family can minimize or avoid it's risk, the community can also minimize or tackle the risk in better way. At the same time, in any disaster or economic recession the women and children have to fall in the most vulnerable situation. in this presentation, i have tried to show that if we can plan to prepare our women to become as risks manager we will be able to face the risks, can minimize the impact of risks output and take the opportunities to develop ourselves.
The document summarizes governance challenges in four major Indian cities - Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, and Kolkata. It discusses three major issues with urban governance: living conditions of increasing populations, economic development, and political decision-making. Good governance components include transparency, accountability, anti-corruption measures, respect for human rights, and decentralization. However, urban governance is complex with many actors involved and power dispersed across different bodies. The rise of India's middle class is also transforming urban areas and impacting education and democracy. Vertical relationships between patrons and citizens also influence governance through practices like patronage and corruption.
The National E-Governance Plan (NEGP) in India aims to strengthen governance through citizen-centric and business-centric e-governance projects at the political, administrative, and institutional levels. The Capacity Building Scheme was approved in 2008 with Rs. 313 Crores to impart specialized training to elected representatives and officials through the establishment of a central management cell and state e-governance mission teams. The National PPP Capacity Building Programme also aims to train around 10,000 government officials in public-private partnerships through various training institutes across 15 states.
Overcoming barriers: The Role of Gender in DisasterSarah K Miller
This document discusses how gender plays a role in vulnerability during disasters. It notes that women often face greater vulnerabilities such as higher rates of poverty, single parenthood, and abuse. However, men also have unique vulnerabilities. The document examines gender-based impacts and needs during different types of disasters both domestically and internationally. It emphasizes the need to incorporate gender considerations into all phases of emergency management. This includes partnering with gender-focused organizations, addressing specific needs like affordable housing, and designing sensitive risk communication. The goal is to promote more equitable resilience and response for people of all genders affected by disasters.
UNICEF has 4 global objectives for disaster risk reduction (DRR) related to education: 1) make DRR a priority, 2) address risks faced by girls, boys, and women, 3) create safer conditions, and 4) strengthen humanitarian response. UNICEF promotes DRR through education programming by analyzing risks, building capacities, reducing vulnerabilities, and encouraging child participation. Examples of DRR education projects include updating Bangladeshi curricula to include local risks, building transitional schools in disaster-prone areas, and developing DRR strategies with school committees. UNICEF's education-focused DRR work aims to promote safe school facilities, disaster prevention education, and disaster management preparedness.
INDIA-Rural Water Supply and Institutionsmichellesahay
This document provides a history of rural water supply in India from the 1950s to present. It discusses the various government programs and institutions involved in rural water supply over different generations. The key points are:
1) Rural water supply in India has evolved over multiple generations from an initial focus on infrastructure development to a more community-managed approach emphasizing sustainability and water quality.
2) Major government programs over the decades have included the Accelerated Rural Water Supply Program, National Drinking Water Mission, and current National Rural Drinking Water Program.
3) Implementation involves various agencies from central, state, and local levels with the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation as the nodal agency at the national level
The document summarizes the urban governance structure of Chennai, India. It provides a history of Chennai's municipal administration dating back to 1687. It outlines the executive and legislative bodies that govern Chennai today, including the Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA) and Chennai Corporation. It also describes some governance deficits in Chennai related to issues like lack of public toilet provision and loss of tax revenue. A best practice highlighted is CMDA's grant program that provides funding to local bodies for infrastructure projects and encourages community participation.
The document discusses research methods and processes. It provides definitions of research from various sources that emphasize research as a systematic process of gathering data to increase understanding and knowledge. The document also outlines different types of research, the general research process involving 8 steps, and describes the planning process as a 5 stage cyclic model involving initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and control, and closing.
This document discusses the work of GOONJ, a nonprofit organization based in India. GOONJ works to address the basic need of clothing that is often overlooked compared to other basic needs like food and shelter. It collects reusable materials like clothes and books from urban areas and distributes them to rural and impoverished communities for dignity and development purposes. Some of GOONJ's initiatives include nationwide awareness campaigns about clothing as a basic need, exchanging clothes for labor on development projects, and recycling materials into sanitary pads, notebooks, and other useful items. The intern contributed to GOONJ by organizing collection drives and book fairs to gather donations and creating a database of schools.
The Khalsa Heritage Complex in Anandpur Sahib, Punjab was designed by architect Moshe Safdie as a museum to showcase the history and culture of Sikhism. The complex straddles a ravine connected by a pedestrian bridge, with different buildings housing permanent exhibits on the tenets and Gurus of the faith. Safdie's design incorporates curved rooftops and reflective pools to evoke the fortress architecture of historic Sikh sites and celebrate both the local landscape and Sikh traditions. The complex aims to provide visitors with an immersive educational experience through its extensive multimedia galleries and audio-visual presentations on the 500 year evolution of Sikhism.
The BMW Museum.
The BMW Museum showcases the history of the BMW company, its brand and its products in an innovative and fascinating presentation format. Displayed over 5,000 square metres of exhibition space are around 125 of the brand’s most precious and appealing cars, motorcycles and engines.
The document provides details for a proposed Global Automobile Museum to be located in Greater Noida, India. It discusses the need for such a museum to showcase automotive history and innovations, nurture talent, and promote awareness around transportation issues. The museum aims to house various exhibits and activities related to automobile technology, racing, vintage cars, and more. Floor plans are provided outlining the proposed spaces needed on three levels to accommodate exhibits, workshops, libraries, offices, restaurants, and other program elements.
This document provides background context for developing a gender responsive national resilience programme in Bangladesh. It discusses how disasters disproportionately impact women, who often experience higher mortality rates and face greater challenges during disasters due to social inequalities and gender roles. Integrating gender equality into disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation programs can help address these inequalities and reduce women's vulnerability. The document also outlines how promoting gender equality and women's participation in the economy can contribute to long-term growth and development.
Nurses’ role in empowering smallholder women in developing countriesRobert Parolin
Smallholder women in developing countries face unique health and economic challenges. They make up the majority of farmers but have less access to resources and face increased risks of illness. Nurses can help empower smallholder women by supporting primary healthcare integrated with rural development, and by advocating for women's agricultural groups which improve access to resources, markets, and policy change. Working with these groups within a framework of rural development and primary healthcare can address the social determinants of health and livelihoods of smallholder women.
This document summarizes key findings from a Post-Disaster Needs Assessment related to gender equality in Nepal following the 2015 earthquake. It notes that women face increased burdens from additional work hours and responsibilities caring for children. Recovery efforts need to ensure women's equal access and participation. Assessments found most women do not feel their needs are being addressed, and they lack information and feel unheard. Special vulnerabilities exist for female-headed households and minority groups. More work is needed to address gender-based violence and support maternal health. The shelter sector is working to involve women in reconstruction and address their privacy and security needs.
This document reviews literature on the nutritional awareness, dietary habits, and health status of college girls in India. It discusses the status of women in India, gender discrimination in health and nutrition, and how this affects nutritional status. Gender discrimination begins before birth and negatively impacts women throughout their lives. Factors like social status, education levels, employment opportunities, and legal protections influence women's health and access to healthcare. Discrimination leads to issues like low birth weight, malnutrition in girls, and an overall negative intergenerational impact on families and communities.
1) The document provides key facts and figures about the gendered impacts of the Nepal earthquake, including that over 50% of casualties identified so far are female. It notes that pre-existing gender inequality means women and girls often bear the disproportionate impact of disasters.
2) It summarizes the specific vulnerabilities and needs of women in the affected districts, such as female-headed households having less access to relief assistance. A lack of privacy and lighting in shelters increases risks of sexual violence.
3) The response section outlines various gender-focused interventions across sectors like protection, health and WASH. However, it also identifies ongoing challenges like lack of female representation in relief teams and delays distributing items for women-friendly spaces
Improving Life of women in rural communityAbhaSingh48
This document discusses improving the lives of women in rural communities in India. It notes that women make up a large portion of the agricultural labor force but still face disadvantages in terms of pay, land rights, and representation. Their lack of empowerment can negatively impact their children's education and family health. Several programs and schemes aim to improve access to healthcare for rural women and address issues like malnutrition, disease prevalence, and maternal health. Overall, bettering the lives of rural women will require improving their economic contributions and social status through expanded education, land rights, minimum wages, and poverty alleviation programs along with enhanced access to resources like housing, water, electricity, and healthcare.
55-J-6-2Maternal Mortality The Case of Mama SessayThe video t.docxpriestmanmable
55-J-6-2
Maternal Mortality: The Case of Mama Sessay
The video titled “Dying to Give Birth: One Woman’s Tale of Maternal Mortality” showcases the censorious risks women face during childbirth in Sierra Leone; especially, when considering one out every eight women face a lifetime risk of dying during childbirth (Time, 2016). The latter was the fate of the documentary's main subject Mama Sessay, an 18-year-old girl who lost her life shortly after giving birth to twins; specifically, during the delivery of the second baby. While many components factored into Mama Sessay’s demise this paper will focus on the three groups of factors (Three Delays Model) stopping her from accessing maternal care, as well as the core determinants of health contributing to her delay in seeking care.
Three Delays Model
To best understand how the three delays, apply to Mama Sessay’s case, it important to first outline the notable delays, which include
1. Delay in decision to seek care due to;
· The low status of women
· Poor understanding of complications and risk factors in pregnancy and when to seek medical help
· Previous poor experience of health care
· Acceptance of maternal death
· Financial implications
2. Delay in reaching care due to;
· Distance to health centers and hospitals
· Availability of and cost of transportation
· Poor roads and infrastructure
· Geography e.g. mountainous terrain, rivers
3. Delay in receiving adequate health care due to;
· Poor facilities and lack of medical supplies
· Inadequately trained and poorly motivated medical staff
· Inadequate referral systems. (Maternity Worldwide, 2018, para, 2)
Scenario Specific Delays
Considering Sierra Leone’s maternal mortality statistics, we can deduce Mama Sessay odds for a successful delivery were not favorable; however, when taking into account the elements of delays, her odds were further reduced. Notably, Mama Sessay was forced to marry at the age of 14 and four short years found herself giving birth to twins. Thus, her age and limited educations suggest the first model delay resulted from “a poor understanding of complications and risk factors in pregnancy and when to seek medical help” (Maternity Worldwide, 2018, para, 2). Next, Mama Sessay lived in a small village; thus, we can deduce distance to health centers and hospitals, availability of and cost of transportation, poor roads and infrastructure, and geography (e.g. mountainous terrain, rivers) were factors associated with the second model delay (Maternity Worldwide, 2018). Lastly, the third model delay is attributed to poor facilities, lack of medical supplies, inadequately trained and poorly motivated medical staff, and an inadequate referral system (Maternity Worldwide, 2018).
Subsequently, when Mama Sessay began to experience delivery complications she faced insurmountable odds when considering the correlating delays. Two notable delays leading to her demise include the time lost in transportation to a delivery center and the delay re.
Analysis of the socioeconomic factors affecting women’sAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the socioeconomic factors that affect women's contributions to household welfare in Mubi North Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. The study found that most respondents were married with a mean age of 42 and average household size of eight people. While 70% had some formal education, women's income contributions to households were below 30% for 90% of respondents. Regression analysis showed that age and income were significant factors influencing women's contributions, with contributions increasing with age and income. The study recommends equipping rural women with knowledge of nutrition and education to enable greater contributions to food security and children's education.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Irene Dankelman_Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction are NOT...hbs_Palestine_Jordan
The document discusses how climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction efforts must incorporate a gender perspective to be effective. It notes that roles and vulnerabilities related to climate change differ between women and men due to socially constructed gender differences. The presentation covers how gender affects climate change impacts, energy use, development, and disasters. It emphasizes that policies and programs and need to recognize women's knowledge and capacities, while also addressing their specific vulnerabilities and priorities. Gender mainstreaming strategies that involve both women and men are key to ensuring equality and effectiveness in climate adaptation and risk reduction.
Gender And Disaster Risk Reduction Ifrc CaribbeanLn Perch
This document provides an overview of gender and disaster risk reduction. It begins with definitions of key terms like gender mainstreaming and gender analysis. It then presents case studies on the different impacts of disasters on women and men in Grenada, St. Lucia, and St. Kitts and Nevis. The document discusses how gender analysis is important for understanding social inequalities and power differentials between women and men. It also explores how gender should be considered in areas like vulnerability, response, and management in disaster and environmental contexts.
This document provides information about the role of UN Volunteers in response to the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan. It describes the massive devastation caused by the earthquake, which killed over 73,000 people and displaced 3.5 million. It then discusses the important role that volunteerism played in relief and recovery efforts. Specifically, it details the experiences of several UN Volunteers, including a former teacher named Ajmal Elahi who was inspired to volunteer after the earthquake in his area of Mansehra. He provided informal assistance and later formally joined UNV in 2007 to help with monitoring and evaluation, as well as mobilizing local communities in reconstruction efforts.
Achieving Gender Justice in Indonesia's Forest and Land Governance SectorAksi SETAPAK
This document discusses gender issues related to land and forest governance in Indonesia. It notes that land-based industries like palm oil plantations and mining are expanding rapidly and causing high rates of deforestation. This expansion often has disproportionate negative impacts on women, such as loss of land and livelihoods, environmental damage, and increased work burdens. It recommends that civil society organizations address these gendered impacts and promote women's participation in decision making to achieve more sustainable and equitable forest governance. Specifically, it suggests CSOs use gender analysis tools to understand industry impacts on men and women, and support grassroots communities affected by these changes. This will help ensure the most vulnerable groups are supported and their needs considered in governance processes.
This document discusses gender justice and women's agricultural work and nutrition security in South Asia. It notes some progress made on women's rights but that challenges remain, such as poor health, devaluation of women's work, and violence against women. It presents data showing a double burden of undernutrition and overnutrition among women in South Asian countries. Women perform a large percentage of agricultural work but also domestic and care work, resulting in time deficits that can negatively impact child nutrition outcomes. More research is needed to better understand how contextual factors shape women's work and agency. Policies are needed to address social inequities, recognize women as farmers, redistribute unpaid care work, and improve representation, social protections, and basic services and infrastructure to
The document proposes solutions to promote gender equality and empower women in India. It notes that while women make up 48.38% of the population, they lack equality. Major issues include low literacy rates, health problems, low economic participation, patriarchal societies, and domestic/sexual violence. The solutions proposed are to improve education for girls, increase economic opportunities for women, strengthen healthcare programs, promote women's political and social rights, and pass tougher laws against violence and discrimination. Implementing these comprehensive solutions could help achieve the UN's goal of gender parity and empower women in India.
The document summarizes a study on the impact of the 2013 floods in Uttarakhand, India, with a focus on how it differently impacted women and men. Key findings include:
- Women were disproportionately impacted due to existing gender inequalities that limit their access to assets and ability to recover from disasters.
- Villages near the Kedarnath shrine and Mandakini River suffered the most deaths, destroyed homes, and lost farmland. Many families depended on pilgrimages and tourism for income.
- While emergency relief was adequate, long-term impacts on women will be greater as they are primary caregivers and many were widowed with lost livelihoods.
Gender equality and womens economic empowerment in post disaster responseMegh Rai
1. The document discusses gender equality and women's empowerment in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction efforts in Nepal following the 2015 earthquake.
2. It notes that female-headed households increased after the disaster and risks like child marriage, human trafficking of women and children, and gender-based violence also increased. Marginalized groups like ethnic minorities and lower castes were also disproportionately affected.
3. The document argues that disasters can provide an opportunity to not just rebuild but promote more gender equal and inclusive societies through recovery efforts. A gender perspective is important to ensure resources reach the most vulnerable groups and future risks are reduced.
Women face several health issues globally. Issues like gender disparity, lack of access to healthcare and health information, and violence negatively impact women's well-being. However, factors such as education, economic opportunities, and programs from organizations have helped empower women and address these issues. While progress has been made, challenges remain around reproductive health, family planning, and eliminating harmful practices like genital mutilation. Overall, improving access to resources and continuing efforts to promote women's rights can help ensure women's health needs are better supported worldwide.
This document provides an institutional appraisal of government departments and organizations in Puducherry, India. It includes:
1. An overview of the organizational structure of departments and directorates in Puducherry, including Agriculture, Accounts and Treasuries, Animal Husbandry, Arts and Culture, Co-operative Societies, and Economics and Statistics.
2. Details on the functions, services provided, and oversight mechanisms for each department.
3. Identification of issues and gaps in certain departments related to transparency, resource allocation, outreach, and data collection.
The document discusses the challenges of rising sea levels and increasing urbanization on coastal cities. It notes that by 2100, 5 billion people will live in cities, with many in flood-prone coastal areas. Examples from India show how cities like Kolkata and Mumbai will be impacted by projected sea level rises by 2070. The document examines housing typologies in these cities and whether they can adapt. It discusses approaches taken in other countries like Rotterdam and the need for Indian cities to retreat, defend or adapt through resilient and proactive planning. The summary concludes by emphasizing the need for collaboration across government, experts and communities to plan sustainable coastal cities.
The document summarizes a study on the 2010 flash flood in Leh, Ladakh, India that killed over 200 people. It describes the topography and climate of Ladakh, and notes that increased temperatures have caused glaciers to recede and tributaries to change course, threatening villages. It discusses the specific conditions that led to the 2010 flood - increased rainfall, snowmelt, and a cloud burst that dropped 14 inches of rain in 2 hours. The flood damaged over 1,000 homes and killed many people. Relief efforts included search and rescue, food and supplies, and temporary housing. The traditional resilience of Ladakhi people helped in recovery.
Jawahar Kala Kendra is a cultural centre in Jaipur, India dedicated to Jawaharlal Nehru. Architect Charles Correa designed the centre based on the original city plan of Jaipur, arranging squares to represent the nine planets. The 9.5 acre complex includes art galleries, workshops, a library, and Shilpgram, a rural complex with replicas of huts from different regions of Rajasthan showcasing crafts and culture. By invoking the original city plan and using local materials like red sandstone, Correa created a space that blends traditional Indian concepts with contemporary design to display and promote India's cultural heritage.
Dakshinachitra is a 10-acre living museum in Chennai that showcases the art, architecture, crafts, and traditions of South India. It contains recreated houses and settlements from the four South Indian states - Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. Visitors can explore the different housing types and craft demonstrations, as well as cultural performances. The museum aims to authentically represent and preserve the diverse cultural heritage of South India.
Chokhi Dhani is an 18-acre ethnic village and resort located near Jaipur, Rajasthan that aims to provide tourists an authentic experience of rural Rajasthani culture. It includes over 30 zones replicating villages, craftspeople, performances, restaurants, and accommodations. Some key areas include the Chokhi Dhani village with huts, shops, performances and dining areas; an artisan village with craftspeople; and the Chokhi Dhani resort with rooms, restaurants and amenities while retaining a rural feel. The detailed site planning aims to immerse visitors in Rajasthani culture through authentic recreations of village life.
Case study hastha shilpa heritage villagemichellesahay
The document discusses the Manipal Heritage Village project which aims to restore and conserve centuries-old architectural structures from across Karnataka. Over the last decade, the project has relocated 26 structures representing different architectural styles and craftsmanship. The village showcases the influence of culture, rulers, socio-economic status and religious practices on building design. It vividly recreates past villages and is located near Manipal lake, covering 6 acres.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
1. Michelle Mariadoss Final year M.URP SPA,Vijayawada
DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND PREPAREDNESS ASSIGNMENT-3
WOMEN IN NATURAL DISASTER
-Case studies at global and National Level
Submitted by
Submitted to
Miss .Anju Joon
Asst .Professor
SPA,Vijayawada
2. Michelle Mariadoss Final year M.URP SPA,Vijayawada
DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND PREPAREDNESS ASSIGNMENT-3
CONTENTS:
1. Introduction
2. Case study:National level
-Bhuj Earthquake,2001
3. Case study:Global level
-Myanmar cyclone Nargis,2008
4.Conclusion
Annexures :
1. Fig :1 Temporal Model of Women in Response to Disasters
and Emergencies
2. Fig :2 Psychosocial Consequences of disaster in women
3. Fig:3 Gujarat Earthquake January 26, 2001: Likely Age and
women Profile of the Deceased
4. Fig :4 Overall beneficiary coverage-Myanmar relief
5. Fig :5 Vulnerability groups beneficiary coverage-Myanmar
relief
6. Fig :6 Funding of the UN Revised Appeal per Cluster,
Myanmar relief
3. Michelle Mariadoss Final year M.URP SPA,Vijayawada
DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND PREPAREDNESS ASSIGNMENT-3
INTRODUCTION:
Disasters have had a great impact on the lives of women all around the world.
Women are looked as victims during disaster, despite the fact that the majority of victims in
disasters are women and children. Role of women in facing the aftermath of disasters is totally
neglected. Especially developing countries are the most vulnerable to natural disasters. These
countries has faced a number of natural disasters in the last decade which have killed thousands
of precious lives and accounted for heavy economic losses. It has been observed that more than
half of the victims in the past disasters were women. During major natural disasters women do
not have technical knowledge about disaster occurrence in general. The participation of women
in the planning, designing, implementing and monitoring emergency programs and
rehabilitation projects is still on a low key profile.
Developed countries have performed well in terms of gender-based disaster
management approach ,but still in times of disaster women are easily prone to be affected .
Women and girls generally tend to be the main victims of natural disasters. A few commonly
recorded reasons for higher death tolls among women and girls include:
1. cultural constraints on female mobility which hinder self-rescue
2. lack of skills such as swimming or tree climbing
3. less physical strength than males, in part due to biological differences but, in some
countries, also due to the effects of prolonged nutritional deficiencies caused by less access
to food than men and boys.
Women in society
Preparedness Mitigation
Vulnerable groups
Disaster and emergency
Displacement Social
losses
Material
losses
Disease Psycho-social
stressors
Assistance priorities Spontaneous action
Integration of women
Protection Food
distribution
Health
assistance
Rehabilitation
Operational and political
consideration
Resources Employment Training Empowerment of
women
Development planning Community mobilisation
Sustainable development
PRE-DISASTER
PHASE
CRISIS PHASE
RELIEF PHASE
RECONSTRUCTION
& DEVELOPMENT
PHASE
FIG :1 Temporal Model of Women in Response to Disasters and Emergencies
Source: The needs of women In disasters and emergencies, by Raymond e. Wiest Jane s.P. Mocellin D. Thandiwe motsisi
4. Michelle Mariadoss Final year M.URP SPA,Vijayawada
DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND PREPAREDNESS ASSIGNMENT-3
Source: Berren, et al., (1989), after Frederick (1980)
NATURAL DISASTER HUMAN-INDUCED DISASTER
Emotional Phases
Initial impact Initial impact
Heroism Acceptance
Honeymoon Interaction w/perpetrators
Disillusionment Disintegration
Reorganization Acquiescence/surrender
Psychological Symptoms
Anxiety Anxiety
Phobias concerning event Phobias concerning event
Little guilt concerning other victims Guilt concerning others
Paranoia concerning government
officials
Mild annoyance concerning
government officials
Social Processes
Feelings of loss Feelings of loss
Acceptance by others Rejection by others
No humiliation Humiliation
No doubt by others concerning
genuineness of complaints
Doubt by others concerning
genuineness of complaints
Short-term cohesion Long-term cohesion
FIG :2 Psychosocial Consequences of disaster in women
WOMEN IN DIFFERENT LIFE CYCLE
Adolescents Pregnant
women
Lactating
mothers
the disabled the aged
Children of all
ages have been
targets of
systematic
Abduction, and
large numbers of
young people
have been killed,
or have been
raped, tortured,
or Subjected to
forced labour
(booth by, et al.,
1992).
Young mothers are
often unable to
successfully
complete their
pregnancies
,especially when the
mothers are
pregnant with male
infants because the
male foetus requires
more nutritional
intake (Gebriel &
Sevenhuysen,
1988).
Lactating
mothers, when
undernourished,
are unable to
properly breast-
feed their
infants(Rao,
1988).
Lowered
social status in
the
community
due to the fact
that
they can no
longer
perform their
social
responsibilities
(Motsisi,
1994a).
Enormous
degree of social
dislocation that
accompanies
emergencies,
some elderly
experience
great difficulty
in adjusting to
alien social
environments.
(Motsisi,1994a)
5. Michelle Mariadoss Final year M.URP SPA,Vijayawada
DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND PREPAREDNESS ASSIGNMENT-3
CASE STUDY: NATIONAL LEVEL
BHUJ GUJRAT EARTHQUAKE 2001
Districts Children (0-14 years) Adults (15-59 years) Elderly (60 years and
above)
Female Total Female Total Female Total
Ahmedabad 121 255 212 450 22 44
Banaskantha 6 13 8 17 1 2
Bharuch 1 3 3 6 0 0
Gandhinagar 1 2 2 5 0 0
Jamnagar 21 43 33 68 5 8
Junagadh 1 3 2 5 0 1
Kutch 3135 6516 4531 9274 694 1240
Navasari 3 6 5 10 1 2
Patan 6 12 10 20 1 2
Porbandar 2 4 3 6 0 0
Rajkot 72 150 118 243 15 28
Surat 8 16 13 28 1 2
Surendranagar 20 42 30 62 4 7
Total 3397 7065 4969 10194 745 1336
Source: Report on Earthquake, Government of Gujarat
FIG :3 Gujarat Earthquake January 26, 2001: Likely Age and women Profile of the Deceased
Life loss in the disaster:
Pre-disaster phase of this natural disaster was un-prepared. There were no
woman group capacity building to face the disaster
The earthquake struck at 8:46 am on the Indian Republic Day when most of the
women were within their homes completing their daily household chores hence the casualties
among women were greater than that of men, who were out in the open (Lahiri et al., 2001).
Sex structure of the population in the districts as per the last
population census, the number of dead women works out to as large as 9,110.Bhachau in the
district of Kutch accounted for the largest number of both orphans and widows. (Lahiri et al.,
2001).
During the Crisis phase local women benefited from the help of their peers
from Maharashtra. Women and Child Development, participated in providing immediate relief.
In post-earthquake recovery it was analysed that the women were found to be
vulnerable in the hands of family, especially if she was widowed or separated from her
husband. A number of families in the Kachch were dependent upon cottage industries for
their livelihood, post-earthquake, death of an adult, particularly a male earning member put
added burden on the families and their widows (Lahiri et al., 2001). Some were reported to
have forced themselves into flesh trade when they were not left with earning members in the
family (Priya, 2004). Number of such earthquake victim women,lived in temporary shelters
and worked as wage labourers with very low wages . After a span of few years they were able
to claim widow pension from the government and could also gain better means of earning, as
the amount provided for pension did not fulfil even the basic needs of the families.
Societal changes that happened were, quite a number of families also
supported widow remarriage.Bereaved mothers in some areas have not been able to ovecome
6. Michelle Mariadoss Final year M.URP SPA,Vijayawada
DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND PREPAREDNESS ASSIGNMENT-3
the grief of losing their children, the trauma of such women was found to be largely
psychological, however the fact that few had means to distract themselves puts a question on
their social role as a wife, as a homemaker and as a mother of the surviving children
(Desai et al.,2002).
Gender based discrimination among paraplegics was one of most despicable
reality faced by health care . Since paraplegia in most cases is known to cause impotence, sexual
inadequacy, immobility, urinary and faecal incontinence, many married women were abandoned
by their husbands for the above stated reasons . Women were incapable of coping with their
physical handicap as well as the psychological trauma due to loss of familial support, acceptance
and assistance (Joshi and Mir, 2002). The percentage of women who were treated and who
recovered was below that of men in the above case.
Post-earthquake reconstruction -the role women played in post–quake
reconstruction was quite eminent. Women were found to be engaged in rubble clearing, in
masonry for reconstruction, as well as in community capacity building. They were taking part in
community meetings about the quake, and were meeting other villagers to address the drought
issues, which were also affecting the earthquake hit areas in Gujarat (Ariyabandu, 2003).Over
time, they gained confidence and skills to begin working as community development
intermediaries by initiating local level development projects and for standing up for women’s
needs and voices (Gokhale, 2008).
Artisan –women During the recovery phase, many NGOs that came to Kachch for
relief and rehabilitation, noticed the wealth of creativity in the region, much of it was scattered
and in dilapidated condition with ruined workshops post earthquake. A number of these NGOs
like Kachch Navnirman Abhiyaan, Kutch Mahila Vikas Sangathan, Hunnarshala and Kala Raksha
established their handicraft units in the nearby areas, which led to radical changes in the status
of women in the society.
Relief-phase- The women’s groups underwent training to take on their role to
motivate householders, build technical capacity, demonstrate collective arrangements, provide
feedback, and monitor reconstruction. As a result, 250,000 households were involved in
earthquake-safe construction in Gujarat and Latur. As 4,000 women and families took loans;
1,200 women started businesses, and livelihoods and assets were stabilized. More than 800
women’s groups work on health education, water, and sanitation in their communities. Women
and Child Development (WCD) was funded US$ 9.18 by Asian Development Bank. SEWA,
contributed an amount of US$ 1.7 million.
• A special project for the livelihood restoration of women was introduced and implemented by
the Women and Child Welfare Department.
• Women covered under Women's Livelihood Restoration Project sanctioned 16,127 and
approved 10,663.
• Women's Livelihood Restoration Project , 13 NGO’s worked targeted for 16,127women and
achieved 10,663
• SEWA, collaborated with Disaster Mitigation Institute on rainwater harvesting and other
mitigation projects. They worked with DMI to train women in quake-resistant masonry skills
and with the state government, ILO, UNDP and others to rebuild women artisans livelihoods,
building on pre-existing networks and expertise in the region.
• Through Women's Livelihood Restoration Programme the earning capacity of more than 90
per cent of the women were restored.
Success stories-
7. Michelle Mariadoss Final year M.URP SPA,Vijayawada
DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND PREPAREDNESS ASSIGNMENT-3
CASE STUDY: GLOBAL LEVEL
MYANMAR CYCLONE NARGIS,2008
The majority of the cyclone’s victims were female: 61 per cent of those who died
were women, with a much higher number in some villages. The disproportionate number of
female victims was especially evident in the key productive and reproductive age group of 18-60.
Life loss in the disaster:
Impacts of this disaster on women:
• Demographic change had a significant impact on the roles of, and relationships between,
men and women, and caused social reverberations, including a spate of remarriages or
early marriages.
• Men resorted to visit other villages or towns in order to find wives, which increased out-
migration from severely affected areas or lead to more inter-village marriages.
• The economic effects of the cyclone caused younger, unmarried women to leave the village
to find work.
• Inexperienced in urban life, these young women were vulnerable to exploitation, forced
labour, forced prostitution and human trafficking.
Source: A practical guide to Gender-sensitive Approaches
for Disaster Management, International federation of red
cross and red crescent societies.
FIG :4 Overall beneficiary coverage-Myanmar relief
Source: A practical guide to Gender-sensitive Approaches for Disaster
Management, International federation of red cross and red crescent societies.
FIG :5 Vulnerability groups beneficiary coverage-Myanmar relief
Needs assessment and vulnerability targeting:
• Multi-sector Village Tract Assessments were carried out by MRCS teams comprised of
volunteers, 30-40 per cent of whom were women.
• Women were encouraged to participate in the focus groups, as this helped the assessment
teams incorporate gender perspectives into their understanding of urgent community needs.
For example, it became clear that landless female labourers had difficulty finding employment
post-disaster and needed work to be able to meet the needs of their families.
• Women’s participation included: the repair of village roads, the restoration of river
embankments , the cleaning of debris from agricultural fields and the repair of canals.
Gender -specific elements that were emphasised in the Myanmar Red cross society guidelines
were:
• selection criteria that includes a target of 50 per cent female beneficiaries
• the inclusion of activities that were not overly technical and therefore encouraged women’s
participation
• equal wage payment of 2000 Myanmar kyats per day per beneficiary for both men and
women
• wages paid to actual beneficiaries at the work site and not family members.
8. Michelle Mariadoss Final year M.URP SPA,Vijayawada
DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND PREPAREDNESS ASSIGNMENT-3
Outcomes :
A total of 119,621 days of work were created in areas affected by Cyclone Nargis. Of these,
40,095 (34 per cent) were for women.
Lessons learnt:
Ensuring the active participation of women in CFW(cash for work) is a challenge - a target of 50
per cent female participation was set , but in reality achieved only 33 per cent. Conscious efforts
to promote women’s participation through effective community facilitation skills are essential.
Key findings:
Head of Household-The initial assessment showed that 81.2% of the female
heads of households were widows
Education-42.3% for females were school drop outs.
Shelter-60% of female-headed households lived in unsatisfactory shelters, e.g.
bamboo structures and tents.
• 80 per cent of affected children and pregnant/lactating women had access to emergency,
preventive and curative services for maternal, neonatal and child health .
• Up to 60 per cent of eligible children 6-59 months, and pregnant and lactating women were
provided with supplementary food to prevent deterioration in nutrition status and protect
infant feeding.
• Over 15,000 affected children and women receive psychosocial care, support and protection
through child-friendly spaces.
• UNICEF initiated a Protection of Children and Women Cluster (PCWC)
• UNICEF also formed women clusters
• a Women’s Protection Working Group, chaired by UNFPA was instituted
Success stories:
Source: OCHA Financial Tracking Service, status of December 24th, 2008
FIG :6 Funding of the UN Revised Appeal per Cluster, Myanmar relief
9. Michelle Mariadoss Final year M.URP SPA,Vijayawada
DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND PREPAREDNESS ASSIGNMENT-3
1. Role of Women in Disaster Management : An Analytical Study with Reference to Indian
Society . Gokhale, Vasudha, 2008
2. Post-earthquake Gujarat, Sharma, Kalindi Joshi, P C Sinha, Anil K,2005
3. Earthquake Vulnerability Reduction for Cities (EVRC-2)
4. The Kutch Earthquake 2001: Recollections, Lessons and Insights, Mishra, Pramod K,2004
5. Rapid assessment survey of earthquake affected Bhuj block of Kachchh District, Gujarat,
India. Pawar, a T,Shelke, S,Kakrani, V a,2005
6. The Needs of Women in Disaster and Emergencies, Wiest, Raymond E.Mocellin, Jane S.P.
Motsisi, Thandiwe, D.,1994
7. Cyclone Nargis : Lessons for Operational Agencies
8. Women ’ s Protection Assesments : Post Cyclone Nargis , Myanmar,2010 Chad: IASC cluster
approach evaluation, 2nd phase country study, April 2010, Binder, a Grünewald, F,2010
9. Best practices and lessons learnt UNICFE Myanmar ’ s response following cyclone
Nargis,2009
10. ‘ Standing On Our Own Feet ’ CARE International in Myanmar ’ s Cyclone Nargis Operation Ex-
Post Evaluation,2014
REFERENCE:
CONCLUSION:
Gender-sensitive and gender-inclusive approaches must be formulated in
disaster management and mitigation guidelines which will address the needs of both men and
women, greater focus is placed on addressing the needs of women, as it is recognised that
women more often carry additional disadvantages due to gender than men. Identifying key
issues to consider, and actions to take when working in all phases of disaster management in
order to develop disaster risk reduction (prevention, mitigation and preparedness), response,
and recovery initiatives that equally involve and benefit men, women, boys and girls. This
includes a specific focus on developing the organisational capacity of National Societies to
achieve gender equality both in disaster management programming and in their general work.
Which should be in turn incorporated by state and other local bodies. Major countries which has
pioneered in gender base disaster preparedness and management are:
• Pakistan: Humanitarian Assistance for Internally Displaced Persons
• Myanmar: Women’s Participation in Recovery
• Bangladesh: Community-Based Flood Management Programme
• China: Community-Based Disaster Preparedness
• Indonesia: Integrated Community-Based Risk Reduction Project
• Solomon Islands: Working Together for Healthy Communities
Taking lessons learnt from various countries on gender equity during disaster time
we should intend to plan our projects to meet any disaster with pre-preparedness strategies,
crisis phase strategies at the time when disaster occurs and post-disaster recovery and
rehabilitation strategies.