Vulnerability describes the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. There are many aspects of vulnerability, arising from various physical, social, economic, and environmental factors.
The probability that a community’s structure or geographic area is to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a particular hazard, on account of their nature, construction, and proximity to a hazardous area.
Coping Capacity is the ability of people, organizations and systems, using available skills and resources, to face and manage adverse conditions, emergencies or disasters.
A key concept on the subject DRRR. This entails the definition of vulnerability, types of vulnerability and the key concepts of vulnerability. A summary definition of risk and hazard are also observable.
Early warning System Disaster ManagementVraj Pandya
Description on early warning technologies in Earth quake, flood cyclone and various other characteristics are provided here, it would be quite beneficial for you people to use it. there is no simple copy paste, its really amazing and useful
The Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction was held from 14 to 18 March 2015 in Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Several thousand participants attended, including at related events linked to the World Conference under the umbrella of building the resilience of nations and communities to disasters. The United Nations General Assembly Resolution for 2013 on International Strategy for Disaster Reduction states that the World Conference will result in a concise, focused, forward-looking, and action-oriented outcome document and will have the following objectives:
* To complete assessment and review of the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action;
* To consider the experience gained through the regional and national strategies/institutions and plans for disaster risk reduction and their recommendations as well as relevant regional agreements within the implementation of the Hyogo Framework of Action;
* To adopt a post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction;
* To identify modalities of cooperation based on commitments to implement a post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction;
* To determine modalities to periodically review the implementation of a post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction.
Presentation courtesy of Dr Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction
Vulnerability describes the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. There are many aspects of vulnerability, arising from various physical, social, economic, and environmental factors.
The probability that a community’s structure or geographic area is to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a particular hazard, on account of their nature, construction, and proximity to a hazardous area.
Coping Capacity is the ability of people, organizations and systems, using available skills and resources, to face and manage adverse conditions, emergencies or disasters.
A key concept on the subject DRRR. This entails the definition of vulnerability, types of vulnerability and the key concepts of vulnerability. A summary definition of risk and hazard are also observable.
Early warning System Disaster ManagementVraj Pandya
Description on early warning technologies in Earth quake, flood cyclone and various other characteristics are provided here, it would be quite beneficial for you people to use it. there is no simple copy paste, its really amazing and useful
The Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction was held from 14 to 18 March 2015 in Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Several thousand participants attended, including at related events linked to the World Conference under the umbrella of building the resilience of nations and communities to disasters. The United Nations General Assembly Resolution for 2013 on International Strategy for Disaster Reduction states that the World Conference will result in a concise, focused, forward-looking, and action-oriented outcome document and will have the following objectives:
* To complete assessment and review of the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action;
* To consider the experience gained through the regional and national strategies/institutions and plans for disaster risk reduction and their recommendations as well as relevant regional agreements within the implementation of the Hyogo Framework of Action;
* To adopt a post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction;
* To identify modalities of cooperation based on commitments to implement a post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction;
* To determine modalities to periodically review the implementation of a post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction.
Presentation courtesy of Dr Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction
This presentation is about Disaster and its management including definition, classification, disaster management cycle, disaster and the disease, effect of disaster, government and public initiatives, and finally, early warning signs. Download the slide, to visualize the animation made in the powerpoint.
Diagnosis of the relative failure of disaster risk reduction in the modern world and proposal for a cure - at least regarding disaster response, if not also prevention.
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Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
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The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
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Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Alert-driven Community-based Forest monitoring: A case of the Peruvian Amazon
Lecture 6: Vulnerability Analysis
1. VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS
Dr. Dyah Rahmawati Hizbaron, S.Si, M.T, M.Sc
Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Mailto: dyah.hizbaron@ugm.ac.id
Scopus ID: 36450403500
2. OUTLINE
• Basic Concept on Vulnerability & Element at Risk
• Idea of Ecosystem Based Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia
• Case Study 1. Kotagede – A physical vulnerability
• Case Study 2. Sidoarjo – A social vulnerability
• Case Study 3. Sulawesi – An economic vulnerability
• Case Study 4. Gunungkidul – An environmental vulnerability
3. Learning Outcome
• Understand basic concept of vulnerability and element at risk
• Develop critical thinking about different types of vulnerability
indicators and the scales at which they were developed;
• Develop critical thinking about different types of vulnerability
4. Human intervention to environment has been ages, the level of impact is varied, local
to global
Human occupied land, whereas, some of them are prone areas towards natural disaster
1700 1800 1900
2000
20501600
Hunter
Gatherer
Society
Pre-Industrial
Society
Industrial
Society
Modern
Society?
BASIC CONCEPT OF VULNERABILTY & ELEMENT AT RISK
5. 1700 1800 1900
2000
20501600
VULNERABILITY
HG Society
+
Natural Law
=
Vulnerable
Society
PI Society
+
Spatial
Inequality
=
Vulnerable
Society
Id Society
+
Environmental
Impact
=
Vulnerable
Society
Md Society
+
Global Impact
=
Vulnerable
Society
Vulnerability keynote: inability, adapt, cope, resilient, shock, stress
6. Risk Formula:
• R = HxV
• R = (HxV)/C
• R = [e, s, f, c]
• H is latent, content
wise exist, place as
Coeficient
• R is high if V is high
• V is high if element
at risk is high
• V is high but at the
same time have C
• V and C are two
sided coin
7. What is Vulnerability?
• The degree of loss to a given element at risk or set of elements at risk
resulting form the occurrence of a natural phenomenon of a given
magnitude and expressed on a scale from 0 (no damage) to 1 (total
damage) (UNDRO, 1991).
• Indication of people’s exposure to external risks, shocks and stresses
and their ability to cope with, and recover from the resulting impacts
(DFID, 2004; ISDR, 2004)
8. Vulnerability is a concept which describes factors or constraints of an
economic, social, physical or geographic nature, which reduce the ability to
prepare for and cope with the impact of hazards.
VULNERABLE
AREA
There is a
potential for
an event to
occur
VulnerableSocial Condition
Economic
Condition
Physical
Condition
Political
Condition
Unprecedented
Condition
10. WHAT IS ECO-DRR?
ECOSYSTEM BASED DISASTER RISK REDUCTION OR ECO-DRR
The Sendai Framework 2015
The Sustainable Development Goals 2015
COP 21 Paris CC Agreement
The Lisbon Treaty
human-capital
management
within
emergency
situation
natural-capital
management
within whole
disaster
management cycle
REACTIVE PROACTIVE
Shifting Paradigm
TECHNICAL
ENGINEERING
TECHNICAL & SOCIAL
ENGINEERING
A MULTILATERAL INITIATIVES
12. Seismic activity originated from <500km from city centres
Surface lithology in Bantul area (Quartenary sediment) had
increase susceptibility of the area towards any ground shaking
(Setijadji, et al., 2008).
Bantul District has potentially high velocity plate
movement up to 60 mm/year (Marso et al, 2008).
Seismic Hazard Overview
13. Introduction
• Research Rationale
• Why selects Kotagede?
• Trending disaster occurrences
• Local vulnerability is high
• Element at risks varied
• Existing countermeasures are minimum
• High tourism potentials
No Age
Sayanga
n
Bodon Total
1 0 - 14 403 440 843
2 15 - 24 352 232 584
3 25 - 49 698 553 1.251
4 > 50 479 315 794
Total 1.932 1.540 3.472
• Disaster experience: 5.760 death toll, 102.234 injured people, 2.020.788 refugees,
302.868 unit houses destructed (non habitable), 252.909 unit houses destructed
(habitable) from 2006 earthquake
• The research area is an accumulation well built assets, predominantly settlement with
very specific characteristics
• Rumah Joglo
• Rumah Kalang
• Museum
• Art Workshop
• Narrow street
• The research area is a border area among two administrative unit, which entitle for intra-
regional coordination
14. The research area is an
accumulation of element at risk
>>> medium to high physical
vulnerability indices (Hizbaron,
2012)
Physical Vulnerability
1. Market
2. Mosque
3. Tiga Ringin
4. Omah UGM
Tourism Graph Decreased!
15. Vulnerable Groups?
Vulnerable Groups
>> Children
>> Elderly
>> Productive ages
Element at risk (1)
Urban dwellers
Tourists
Different vulnerability indices per target groups
-Those living in dense settlement
-Those visiting as tourist
16. Who are Vulnerable?
Those who are living/inhabited prone hazard area
Those who have less capacity to withstand any disturbance (stress/shock)
Those who personally handicapped, discriminated or less access to normal treatment
18. Physical Vulnerability?
Fragile structure :
>> Wooden house
>> Brick house
>> Traditional house
>> Tiled roof house
Element at risk
Traditional house
Cultural objects
Cultural sites
Heavy tiled roof subject to earthquake
Brick cement wall subject
to earthquake
Wooden house
subject to fire
19. INFRASTRUCTURE DAMAGE
(brick – wooden house)
Rumah Kalang. Small Alleys – Narrow Street
Different length of each alleys have different vulnerability indices
20. Cultural Heritage Object. Small Alleys – Narrow Street
Urban Heritage At Risk?
Traditional
structure
has
different
fragility
indices
with
modern
structure
More than 2 m high
wall with strong
structure
21. Built up area are vulnerable?
Rumah Joglo. Small Alleys – Narrow Street
Different height wall
along narrow street have
different likelihood to
vulnerability indices
22. Types of Vulnerability (1)
• Physical Vulnerability
• Potential for physical impact on built environment or infrastructure and
population
• Analyzed per group of construction or structural types
• Intrinsic quality of a structure and does not depend on location
• Social Vulnerability
• Potential impacts of events on groups such as the poor, women, children,
elderly etc
• Analyzed per population cluster
23. Types of Vulnerability (2)
• Economic Vulnerability
• Potential impacts of hazards on economic assets and processes (i.e. business
interruption, secondary effects such as increased poverty and job loss)
• Analyzed per sector or per assets types
• Environmental Vulnerability
• Potential impacts of events on the environment
• E.g. hydrologic condition after eruption
25. EcoDRR Praxis: Need to Understand your Environment
Meeting Points (1)
•Identification of meeting points shall be conducted by the community.
•However, RS/GIS technique also make it possible to provide such information using high resolution image.
•The indicated meeting points will be kept to avoid ambiguous result from community mapping.
30. 1m IKONOS – 17 September 2006 @DigitalGlobe 1m IKONOS – 11 May 2007 @DigitalGlobe
CASE STUDY 2. SIDOARJO – HOW TO COLLECT DATA SPATIAL
TEMPORAL FOR VULNERABILITY
31. 1m IKONOS – 05 Januari 2008 @DigitalGlobe
1m IKONOS – 14 Februari 2009 @DigitalGlobe
32. 0,5 m GeoEye-1 perekaman 31 Mei 2010 @Digitallobe
0,5 m GeoEye-1 perekaman 30 Nov 2012 @DigitaGlobe
33. 0.5 m WorldView-2 @DigitalGlobe
0.5 m WorldView-2 @DigitalGlobe
OBSERVE POST ERUPTION GA. SINABUNG
Building Footprint
34. Medium resolution using unsupervised hybrid-based built-up
extraction
Medium resolution using change detection
process of built-up areas
38. • Head of National Agency of Disaster
Management Regulation No. 2/2012
on Risk Analysis
• Head of National Agency of Disaster
Management Regulation No. 3/2012
on Capacity Analysis
• 34 provinces, 416 districts
(kabupaten), and 98 municipalities
(kotamadya).
Hazard
Losses
Capacity
Hazard Index
(Magnitude &
intensity)
Exposure Index
(Population, Socio-
Culture Component)
Losses Index
(Economic, Physical
& Env. Component)
Capacity Index
(Government, Early
Warning, Mitigation
Preparedness)
Hazard Map
Vulnerability
Map
Capacity Map
RiskMap
How to conduct Vulnerability Analysis?
Case Study 3. Sulawesi – An economic Vulnerability
41. Legend
Administrative Borders
District Borders
Sub-district Borders
Administrative Capital
Province CapitalProvince Capital
District Capital
Sub-district Capital
Topography
High Point
Shoreline
River
Periodic River
Spatial Structure
City Structure System
National Center Activity
City Center
Sub-city Center
Environmental Center
Power Plant Network Structure
Electrical Station Control
Stem Power Plant
Solar Power Plant
Electrical Stem Network
Electrical Solar Network
Water Resource Network Structure
Potential of Groundwater Basin
Very High
High
Middle
Small
None
Transportation Network Structure
Last Processing Waste
Network Waste Structure
Communication Network Structure
Communication Tower
International Airport
Local Jet
Special Terminal or port
Terminal Type A
Relocation Terminal B
Container terminal
New terminal
Railway Station
Railway Track Plan
Circulation of Island Tourism
Main Road Network
Primer Road Network
Collective Road Network
Local Road Network
Highway Network Plan
Ringroad Network Plan
Two Track Network Plan
Bridges Plan
Bridges Plan
Tsunami Evacuation Plan
Risk and Spatial Plan of Kota Manado
Accumulated spatial
structure are at risk
area
Research Result
42. Kota Makassar
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Disaster Statistics Kota Makassar
Flood Landslide Typhoon Earthquake
Research Result
44. Center of Activity
Airport
City Center
Sub-city Center
Environment Center
Type A
Type B
Port
International Port
Regional Port
Local Port
Fishery Port
Planning Port
Subdistrict Borders
District Borders
Shoreline
Water Processing Instalation
Drinking Water Processing
Electrical Network
Electrical Station Control
Electrical Power Plant
Water gate
Telephone controller
Cable storage
Telephone cable
Highway
Main Road
Local Road
Collector Road
Planning Road
Main Road Planning
Local Road Planning
Collector Road Planning
Monorail Railway Plan
Monorail Station
Train Railway Plan
Pipeline Water Network
(Diameters)
Main Drainage
Lake or Water
Water Transportation
NetworkCorridor
River or Canal
Port Type
Legend
Research Result
Risk and Spatial Plan of Kota Makassar
Accumulated spatial
structure are at risk
area
47. Spatial
Pattern
Planning
• Create Polder system for flood management in Bone Bolango
River Area
• Organizing and developing Oldtown Trade Service area
• Organizing Taruna Remaja Park
• Preserve Historical and Cultural Area
Rice field
People ForrestLocal road
River
Education
Green belt and river border
Park and open green space
Goverment Office
Cultural area
Settlement
Terminal Branch
Main Terminal
Public Grave
Fishery Industry
Store Building and industry
Shelter Forrest
HealthFacilities
Trade and services (super block)
Trade and services
Tourism Area
Catchment area
Central Market
Central Market
CBD
Fishery port
Harbour
Pool
Research Result
Risk and Spatial Plan of Kota
Gorontalo
Accumulated
spatial structure
are at moderate
risk area
53. Piping system accomodate:
1800 liter/day (5hrs/24hrs)
Highest point at Temon
distributed by 8 public
hydrant at 8 RT.
Vulnerable towards Water Quantity
Spring Mapping: Pego, Bekah,
dan Tangis.
Located in 1°28'29.39” N and 124°50'31.48" E
Downstream of Tondano watershed which suffered from severed environmental damage
Classified as critical watershed in Indonesia based Decree of Ministry of Environment and Forestry No. 284/Kpts-II/1999
Five rivers passing: Tondano, Bailang, Sario, Malayang, And Tikala
Located in 508’6’’ N and 119024’17” E
Downstream of Janeberang Watershed categorized as one of 15 priority watersheds to be recovered based on Ministry of Forestry Decree No. P.12/Menhut-II/2012
second most eroded watershed in Sulawesi with 734.689 tons per hectare per year
Two rivers passing: Jenerberang River in south and Maros river become Tallo Rivers
Located at the 0028’17” N to 123005’59” E
located near Tomini Bay, which off course put the coastal city as the main characteristics
Limboto-Bone-Bolango (LBB) Watershed is one of watershed priority based on President Decree No. 2/2015
LBB watershed commonly as many other watershed for urbanized area, experienced critical condition due to improper management and utilization.