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Well Control.pdf

The document discusses well control procedures including shutting in wells and conducting flow checks. It provides detailed steps for shutting in a well once a kick has been detected to stop fluid influx and allow organizing the well killing procedure. The objectives of well killing include restoring primary well control by removing any influx and replacing the current mud with heavier mud. Common well killing methods like the driller's method and wait and weight method are described. Key aspects of preparing a well kill sheet like collecting data on hole dimensions, mud properties, fracture pressure and the kick are also outlined to design the kill mud weight and other parameters.

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Well Control
Procedures & well control basics “A good understanding of basic mathematics is required for every well control operation”
Shut-in Procedures & Well Control Basics SHUTTING THE WELL IN - PROCEDURE ❑ Once a kick has been detected, the well should be controlled according to correct procedures. Shut-in procedures require common sense. ❑ At times of excitement or emergency, there must be strong control and discipline on the rig floor. Drills, planned procedures and strong supervision are the keys to successfully controlling the well. ❑ Once a kick has been detected, the well should be shut in as quickly as possible. The reasons for shut-in procedures include: ❑ To protect the crew and rig. ❑ To stop the influx of formation fluid into the wellbore. ❑ To allow shut-in pressures to be determined ❑ To provide an opportunity to organize the kill procedure. PROCEDURES
SHUTTING THE WELL IN - PROCEDURE ❑ There is no such thing as a small kick or a small flow. Either can rapidly develop into a blowout. ❑ All flows must be recognized as potential blowouts. When in doubt as to whether the well is flowing or not – shut it in. ❑ Shut-in procedures may vary considerably, depending on company policy, the type of rig and the size of the crew. ❑ However, the basics of shutting a well in do not change. ❑ A preventer must be closed to stop the flow. There are debates as to which method is the proper one to use, a hard or soft shut in, or a modification of either. ❑ All wells are different, and procedures should be decided upon, posted, known and practiced on an individual well or activity basis. PROCEDURES Shut-in Procedures & Well Control Basics
SHUTTING THE WELL IN – PROCEDURE PROCEDURES Shut-in Procedures & Well Control Basics
FLOW CHECK PROCEDURES ❑ A flow check consists of observing a well with pumps shut off to determine whether it is flowing. GENERAL FLOW CHECK PROCEDURES FLOW CHECK WHILE DRILLING 1. Alert the crew 2. Pick up off the bottom and clear uppermost tool joint above the rig floor 3. Stop the rotary 4. Shut off pump 5. Observe the well for flow FLOW CHECK WHILE TRIPPING 1. Alert the crew 2. Set slips so the last tool joint is at normal working level above rig floor 3. Install full open safety valve in open position 4. Observe the well for flow Note: Make flow check prior to pulling BHA through BOPs. If the well is flowing, shut-in procedures should begin immediately. PROCEDURES Shut-in Procedures & Well Control Basics
Objectives ❑ To know the importance of kill sheet preparation ❑ To Design a kill mud weight to kill the kicked well ❑ To understand the commonly used well killing methods for bringing well to the primary control from secondary control. Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
Why do we prepare kill sheet? To Design the following parameters • Maximum Allowable Mud Weight • Initial MAASP • Final MAASP • Total Wellbore Volume (Capacity of DP+DC+HWDP+Annulus) • Total Circulation Time • Kill mud Weight • Initial Circulating Pressure (ICP) • Final Circulating Pressure (FCP) • Fracture Pressure Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
Kill Sheet Preparation Data Collection for Kill Sheet Preparation Hole Dimensions • Casing Size • Casing Shoe Depth • Open Hole Diameter • Hole Depth • Drill Pipe • Heavy Weight DP • Drill Collars Capacities • Drill Pipe Capacity • Heavy Weight DP Capacity • Drill Collars capacity • CSG to Pipe Annulus • OH to Pipe / HW Annulus • OH to Collar Annulus Pumping Data • Pump Output • Slow Circulating Rate Pressure up to 40 SPM Fracture Data • Leak Off Test Pressure • Mud Weight In Hole At Test Kick Data • Mud Weight In Hole • SIDPP • SICP • Pit Gain Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
Data Collection for Kill Sheet Preparation Pipe Capacities • Drill Pipe Capacity ID of DP should be known • Heavy Weight DP Capacity ID of HWDP should be Known • Drill Collars capacity ID of DC should be Known Annular Capacities • CSG to Pipe Annulus ID of CSG & OD of DP Should be Known • OH to Pipe / HW Annulus Hole Diameter & OD of DP and HWDP Should be Known • OH to Collar Annulus Hole Diameter & OD of DC Should be Known 𝑷𝒊𝒑𝒆 𝑪𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 = 𝑰𝑫 𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟗. 𝟒 −−−−−−−−− −( 𝒃𝒃𝒍𝒔 𝒇𝒕 ) 𝑨𝒏𝒏. 𝑪𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 = 𝑫𝒉 𝟐 − 𝑫𝒑 𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟗. 𝟒 −−−−−− −( 𝒃𝒃𝒍𝒔 𝒇𝒕 ) Kill Sheet Preparation Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
Data Collection for Kill Sheet Preparation KICK DATA • Mud Weight in Hole Density of the mud at the time of kick • SIDPP Recorded at the pressure gauge attached to the choke manifold • SICP Recorded at the pressure gauge at the stand pipe • Pit Gain How much barrel increased in the pit mud tank at the surface Fracture Data • Leak Off Test Pressure By Conducting LOT Test after setting & Cementing the casing • Mud Weight in Hole at test Mud weight used for LOT Test Kill Sheet Preparation Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
Important Parameters Required from Kill Sheet • Maximum Allowable Mud Weight Maximum limit of the mud of the formation to withstand • Initial MAASP Maximum Allowable Annulus Surface Pressure is the maximum limit of the pressure in the annulus before kill the well • Final MAASP Maximum Allowable Annulus Surface Pressure is the maximum limit of the pressure in the annulus after kill the well • Total Wellbore Volume (Capacity of DP+DC+HWDP+Annulus) Volume of Drilling mud occupied in the wellbore. Kill Sheet Preparation Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
Important Parameters Required from Kill Sheet • Total Circulation Time Time required for the fluid to return to the surface • Kill mud Weight Weight of the Drilling Mud to kill the kicked well to get it stable • Initial Circulating Pressure (ICP) Initial Pressure Required for the mud through the DP to start circulation for killing the well • Final Circulating Pressure (FCP) The Pressure at the bit when kill mud reach to the bit • Fracture Pressure The Drilling mud Pressure at which the formation at the shoe brakes Fracture Pressure = LOT Pressure + HSP (at the mud weight used in LOT Test) Kill Sheet Preparation Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
Kill Sheet Preparation Capacities Drill Pipe Capacity = 0.01776 bbls/ft Heavy Weight DP Capacity = 0.0088 bbls/ft Drill Collars capacity = 0.00768 bbls/ft CSG to Pipe Annulus = 0.0505 bbls/ft OH to Pipe / HW Annulus = 0.0459 bbls/ft OH to Collar Annulus = 0.0292 bbls/ft Hole Dimensions Casing Size = 9-5/8 “ Casing Shoe Depth = 7950 “ ft (TVD = 7950 ft) Open Hole Diameter = 8-1/2” Hole Depth = 9800 ft (TVD = 9800 ft) Drill Pipe = 5” OD ; Length = 8700 ft Heavy Weight DP = 5” OD ; Length = 500 ft Drill Collars = 8” OD; Length = 600 ft Kill Sheet Preparation Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
Pumping Data Pump Output = 0.119 bbls / stroke Slow Circulating Rate Pressure at 40 SPM = 500 Psi Fracture Data Leak Off Test Pressure = 1970 psi Mud Weight in Hole at test = 10.5ppg Kick Data Mud Weight in Hole = 11.3 ppg SIDPP = 450 psi SICP = 500 psi Pit Gain = 14 bbls Putting Data in the kill sheet and calculate as per instructions in the kill sheet Kill Sheet Preparation Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
Well Killing Methods Objectives of the killing operations • To Restore Primary well control In order to do this, It is necessary to do the following: • Remove the influx • Replace the current mud with the Havier Mud Killing Methods • Driller’s Method • Wait & Weight Method Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
Driller’s Method • Two Circulations Method • More Time Consuming • High Chance of Secondary Kick Wait & Weight Method • Single Circulation Killing Method • Less Time Consuming • less Chance of Secondary Kick Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
Important Points: The original mud weight is used to circulate the influx Important Steps: - Reset the stroke counter. - Bring the pump up to kill speed while holding the casing pressure constant. - Maintain DP pressure constant until the influx is circulated out from the well BHP Bottom Hole Pressure, Psi Pumping Volume, bbl Well Killing Methods Driller’s Method : 1st Circulation Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
The maximum shoe pressure is when the top of the influx reaches the shoe Casing Shoe Pressure, Psi Pumping Volume, bbl Surface Casing Pressure, Psi Pumping Volume, bbl Well Killing Methods Driller’s Method : 1st Circulation Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
When the influx is passing the casing shoe, the shoe pressure will decrease. Casing Shoe Pressure, Psi Surface Casing Pressure, Psi Pumping Volume, bbl Pumping Volume, bbl Well Killing Methods Driller’s Method : 1st Circulation Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
When the influx is above the casing shoe, the shoe pressure will remain constant. Casing Shoe Pressure, Psi Pumping Volume, bbl Surface Casing Pressure, Psi Pumping Volume, bbl SICP Driller’s Method : 1st Circulation Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
- Surface casing pressure is increasing as the influx is circulated up the well. - Pit volume is raising. Surface Casing Pressure, Psi Pumping Volume, bbl SICP Driller’s Method : 1st Circulation Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
SICP - The maximum surface casing pressure is reached when the top of the influx is at surface. - It will be the maximum increase in pit level. Surface Casing Pressure, Psi Pumping Volume, bbl Driller’s Method : 1st Circulation Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
- As the influx is passing through the choke, the surface casing pressure will decrease. - The pit volume will decrease. Surface Casing Pressure, Psi Pumping Volume, bbl SICP Driller’s Method : 1st Circulation Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
If all the influx is successfully circulated from the well and the pump is stopped, SIDPP = SICP Driller’s Method : 1st Circulation Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
• Line up the kill mud. • Reset the stroke counter. • Bring the pump up to kill speed while holding the casing pressure constant. • Reset the stroke counter after pumping the surface line volume. • Keep the casing pressure constant until KMW reach the bit. • ( Or follow the calculated DP pressure drop schedule from ICP to FCP.) • Pit volume has increased due to the weighting material added in the system. • When kill mud enters the annulus, maintain FCP constant until kill mud is at surface. Driller’s Method : 2nd Circulation Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
Driller’s Method Driller’s Method Drill Pipe Casing Driller’s Method : 1st Circulation Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
Driller’s Method Driller’s Method Drill Pipe Casing Driller’s Method : 2nd Circulation Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
Advantages: • Can start circulating right away • Able to remove influx even if not enough barite on board • Less chance of gas migration • Less calculation Disadvantages: • Higher surface pressure • In certain situation, higher shoe pressure • Two circulation, more time through the choke Driller’s Method : Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
Driller’s Method (Review) 1) The well is shut in. 2) Record Shut in Drill pipe/Casing pressures. 3) Circulation is started by holding casing pressure constant until pump is at kill rate. 4) When pump speed is at kill rate, drill pipe pressure is recorded and kept constant with choke adjustments as necessary. Drill pipe pressure should be the sum of SIDPP and kill rate pump pressure. 5) The drill pipe pressure and pump rate are kept constant until the kick is circulated out of the hole. 6) Then the well is shut in (or circulated) and the fluid weight increased. 7) A heavier fluid is prepared and circulation is started again. Either a pressure chart is followed or the casing pressure is kept constant (assuming no additional influx) until the drill pipe is full of new heavy fluid. 8) When the drill pipe is full of heavy fluid FCP should be maintained until the annulus has been displaced with kill fluid. Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
• The kill mud weight is used to circulate the influx • Reset the stroke counter • Bring the pump up to kill speed while Holding the casing pressure constant. • Reset the stroke counter after pumping the surface line volume. • Pump kill mud from surface to bit while following a calculated DP pressure drop schedule. • When kill mud enters the annulus, maintain FCP constant until kill mud is at surface. BHP Bottom Hole Pressure, Psi Pumping Volume, bbl Wait & Weight Method Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
Drill Pipe Casing Wait & Weight Method Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
Advantages: • Can generate lower pressure on formation near the casing shoe • In most situation generate less pressure on surface equipment • With a long open hole, less chance to induce losses • One circulation, less time spent circulating through the choke Disadvantages: • Longer waiting time prior to circulate the influx • Cutting could settle down and plug the annulus • Gas migration might become a problem • Need to have enough barite to increase the mud weight • More Calculations Wait & Weight Method Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
Wait & Weight Method (Review) 1) The well is shut in after a kick and stabilized SIDPP, SICP and kick size information recorded. 2) The first calculation should be kill fluid density. 3) The rest of the worksheet is filled out while the fluid density in the pits is increased. 4) When ready to circulate, the pump is brought to kill rate speed while maintaining proper casing (backpressure) with the adjustable choke. 5) Maintain drill pipe (or tubing) pressure according to the pressure chart. All pressure adjustments begin with adjustment of casing (backpressure) from the choke. Every pressure adjustment should be recorded. 6) When heavy fluid reaches the bit, maintain drillpipe (or tubing) pressure at the Final Circulating Pressure until kill weight fluid returns to surface. 7) When gas, or liquid following the gas, starts to go through the choke, casing pressure must be stabilized at the last recorded value. Once pressures stabilize, then drillpipe (or tubing) pressure must be adjusted and kept at its proper value until the well has been killed. Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
WELL # ABC FIELD - XYZ Hole Size 8.5 inch O-H/DC Capacity 0.03221 bbl/ft Hole Depth TVD/MD 11536 ft O-H/DP-HWDP Capacity 0.0447 bbl/ft Casing 9-5/8” TVD/MD 9875 ft C-H/Drill Pipe Capacity 0.04891 bbl/ft DP Capacity. 0.01741 bbl/ft Fracture EMW 16.9 ppg HWDP Length 600 ft SIDPP 530 psi HWDP Capacity 0.00874 bbl/ft SICP 700 psi DC 6-1/4” Length 880 ft Pump Displacement 0.1019 bbl/str k DC Capacity 0.00492 bbl/ft RRCP 30 SPM 650 psi Mud Weight 14 ppg Pit Gain 10 bbl CASE STUDY OBSERVE NORMAL WELL BEHAVIOR FOR: 1. Driller’s Method 2. Wait & Weight Method
37 DRILLERS METHOD 1st CIRCULATION DP Pf= 8928 psi SHUTT IN WELL 1489 MAASP CSG 0 O C 530 700 0 BHP= 8928 psi 7889 psi 7189 psi
DRILLERS METHOD 1st CIRCULATION Pf= 8928 psi BHP= 8928 psi O C 700 30 22 1180 DP REACHING: ICP • CP: Keep constant while bringing pumps up • Pumps up and pressure stabilized • DPP: Keep constant 1489 MAASP CSG 7889 psi
DRILLERS METHOD 1st CIRCULATION Pf= 8928 psi BHP= 8928 psi GAS IN OPEN HOLE • DPP: Constant • Gas Influx: Expands • CP: Increases • Shoe Pressure: Increases • MAASP: Constant O C 30 1180 310 740 DP 1489 MAASP CSG 7929 psi
DRILLERS METHOD 1st CIRCULATION Pf= 8928 psi BHP= 8928 psi GAS REACH SHOE • DPP: Constant • Gas Influx: Expands • CP: Increases • Shoe Pressure: Increases to Max • MAASP: Constant O C 1180 30 470 775 DP MAASP 1489 CSG 7964 psi
DRILLERS METHOD 1st CIRCULATION Pf= 8928 psi BHP= 8928 psi GAS MOVES INSIDE CASING • DPP: Constant • Gas Influx: Expands • SICP: Increases • Shoe Pressure: Decreases • MAASP: Increases O C 1180 30 620 785 DP MAASP 1685 CSG 7718 psi
DRILLERS METHOD 1st CIRCULATION Pf= 8928 psi BHP= 8928 psi GAS MOVING INSIDE CASING • DPP: Constant • Gas Influx: Expands • CP: Increases • Shoe Pressure: Constant • MAASP: Increases 7718 psi O C 1180 30 2300 1120 DP 2020 MAASP CSG
DRILLERS METHOD 1st CIRCULATION Pf= 8928 psi GAS REACH CHOKE • DPP: Constant • Gas Influx: Expands • CP: Increases to Max • Shoe Pressure: Constant • MAASP: Increase To Max 7718 psi BHP= 8928 psi O C 1180 30 4800 1580 DP MAASP 2480 CSG
DRILLERS METHOD 1st CIRCULATION Pf= 8928 psi GAS OUT OF WELL • DPP: Constant • CSG Pressure: Decreasing to SIDPP • CP: Constant • MAASP: Decreases to Original Value 7718 psi BHP= 8928 psi O C 1180 30 5400 530 DP 1489 MAASP CSG
DRILLERS METHOD 2nd CIRCULATION Pf= 8928 psi START PUMPING KILL MUD 14 PPG • CP: Constant • Shoe Pressure: Constant • MAASP: Constant 7718 psi BHP= 8928 psi O C 30 1180 5400 530 DP 1489 MAASP CSG
DRILLERS METHOD 2nd CIRCULATION Pf= 8928 psi KILL FLUID INSIDE DRILL PIPE • CP: Constant • DPP: Decreases • Shoe Pressure: Constant • MAASP: Constant 7718 psi BHP= 8928 psi O C 530 30 6306 936 DP 1489 MAASP CSG
DRILLERS METHOD 2nd CIRCULATION Pf= 8928 psi KILL MUD REACH BIT • CP: Constant • DPP: Decreases to FCP • Shoe Pressure: Constant • MAASP: Constant 7718 psi BHP= 8928 psi O C 530 30 7212 692 DP 1489 MAASP CSG
DRILLERS METHOD 2nd CIRCULATION Pf= 8928 psi KILL MUD REACH SHOE • DPP: Constant • CP: Decreases • Shoe Pressure: Decreases • MAASP: Constant 7657 psi BHP= 8928 psi DP 1489 MAASP CSG O C 692 30 7832 469
DRILLERS METHOD 2nd CIRCULATION Pf= 8928 psi KILL MUD INSIDE CASING • DPP: Constant • CP: Decreases • Shoe Pressure: Constant • MAASP: Decreasess 7657 psi BHP= 8928 psi O C 692 30 10202 233 DP MAASP CSG 1253
DRILLERS METHOD 2nd CIRCULATION Pf= 8928 psi KILL MUD AT SURFACE • DPP: Constant • CP: Decreases to Zero • Shoe Pressure: Constant • MAASP: Decreases to New MAASP with KMW 7657 psi BHP= 8928 psi O C 692 30 12600 0 DP MAASP CSG 1020
WAIT & WEIGHT METHOD
Pf= 8928 psi SHUTT IN WELL Mixing Kill Mud 14.9 BHP= 8398 psi 7889 psi 7189 psi WAIT & WEIGHT METHOD 0 O C 530 700 0 DP 1489 MAASP CSG
Pf= 8928 psi BHP= 8928 psi 7889 psi WAIT & WEIGHT METHOD O C 700 30 22 1180 DP 1489 MAASP CSG REACHING ICP • CP: Keep Constant While Bringing Pumps Up • Pumps Up And Pressure Stabilized • DPP: Keep On Schedule
Pf= 8928 psi BHP= 8928 psi 7929 psi WAIT & WEIGHT METHOD GAS IN OPEN HOLE • DPP: Decreases • CP: Increases • Gas Influx: Expands • Shoe Pressure: Increases • MAASP: Constant O C 30 310 1097 740 DP MAASP CSG 1489
Pf= 8928 psi BHP= 8928 psi 7964 psi WAIT & WEIGHT METHOD GAS REACH SHOE • DPP: Decreasing • CP: Increases • Gas Influx: Expands • Shoe Pressure: Increase To Max • MAASP: Constant O C 30 470 1053 775 DP MAASP CSG 1489
Pf= 8928 psi BHP= 8928 psi 7718 psi WAIT & WEIGHT METHOD GAS MOVES INSIDE CASING • DPP: Decreases • CP: Increases • Gas Influx: Expands • Shoe Pressure: Decreases • MAASP: Increases O C 30 620 1013 785 DP MAASP CSG 1685
Pf= 8928 psi 7718 psi WAIT & WEIGHT METHOD KILL MUD AT BIT GAS INSIDE CASING • DPP: Decreases to FCP • CP: Increases • Gas Influx: Expands • Shoe Pressure: Constant • MAASP: Increases O C 30 1812 692 1050 DP MAASP CSG 1950 BHP= 8928 psi
Pf= 8928 psi 7641 psi WAIT & WEIGHT METHOD KILL MUD AT SHOE GAS INSIDE CASING • DPP: Constant • CP: Increasing • Gas Influx: Expands • Shoe Pressure: Decreasing • MAASP: Increases O C 30 2432 692 1080 DP MAASP CSG 1980 BHP= 8928 psi
Pf= 8928 psi 7641 psi WAIT & WEIGHT METHOD KILL MUD INSIDE CASING GAS REACH CHOKE • DPP: Constant • CP: Increases • Gas Influx: Expands • Shoe Pressure: Constant • MAASP: Increases BHP= 8928 psi O C 30 4800 692 1278 DP MAASP CSG 2178
Pf= 8928 psi 7641 psi WAIT & WEIGHT METHOD KILL MUD INSIDE CASING GAS OUT OF WELL • DPP: Constant • CP: Decreasing • Shoe Pressure: Constant • MAASP: Decreases BHP= 8928 psi O C 30 5360 692 180 DP MAASP CSG 1204
Pf= 8928 psi 7641 psi WAIT & WEIGHT METHOD KILL MUD AT SURFACE • DPP: Constant • CP: Decreases to Zero • Shoe Pressure: Constant • MAASP: Decreases to New MAASP with KMW BHP= 8928 psi O C 30 7200 692 0 DP MAASP CSG 1027

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Well Control.pdf

  • 1.
  • 2.
    Procedures & wellcontrol basics “A good understanding of basic mathematics is required for every well control operation”
  • 3.
    Shut-in Procedures &Well Control Basics SHUTTING THE WELL IN - PROCEDURE ❑ Once a kick has been detected, the well should be controlled according to correct procedures. Shut-in procedures require common sense. ❑ At times of excitement or emergency, there must be strong control and discipline on the rig floor. Drills, planned procedures and strong supervision are the keys to successfully controlling the well. ❑ Once a kick has been detected, the well should be shut in as quickly as possible. The reasons for shut-in procedures include: ❑ To protect the crew and rig. ❑ To stop the influx of formation fluid into the wellbore. ❑ To allow shut-in pressures to be determined ❑ To provide an opportunity to organize the kill procedure. PROCEDURES
  • 4.
    SHUTTING THE WELLIN - PROCEDURE ❑ There is no such thing as a small kick or a small flow. Either can rapidly develop into a blowout. ❑ All flows must be recognized as potential blowouts. When in doubt as to whether the well is flowing or not – shut it in. ❑ Shut-in procedures may vary considerably, depending on company policy, the type of rig and the size of the crew. ❑ However, the basics of shutting a well in do not change. ❑ A preventer must be closed to stop the flow. There are debates as to which method is the proper one to use, a hard or soft shut in, or a modification of either. ❑ All wells are different, and procedures should be decided upon, posted, known and practiced on an individual well or activity basis. PROCEDURES Shut-in Procedures & Well Control Basics
  • 5.
    SHUTTING THE WELLIN – PROCEDURE PROCEDURES Shut-in Procedures & Well Control Basics
  • 6.
    FLOW CHECK PROCEDURES ❑A flow check consists of observing a well with pumps shut off to determine whether it is flowing. GENERAL FLOW CHECK PROCEDURES FLOW CHECK WHILE DRILLING 1. Alert the crew 2. Pick up off the bottom and clear uppermost tool joint above the rig floor 3. Stop the rotary 4. Shut off pump 5. Observe the well for flow FLOW CHECK WHILE TRIPPING 1. Alert the crew 2. Set slips so the last tool joint is at normal working level above rig floor 3. Install full open safety valve in open position 4. Observe the well for flow Note: Make flow check prior to pulling BHA through BOPs. If the well is flowing, shut-in procedures should begin immediately. PROCEDURES Shut-in Procedures & Well Control Basics
  • 7.
    Objectives ❑ To knowthe importance of kill sheet preparation ❑ To Design a kill mud weight to kill the kicked well ❑ To understand the commonly used well killing methods for bringing well to the primary control from secondary control. Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 8.
    Kill Sheet Preparation& Killing Methods
  • 9.
    Why do weprepare kill sheet? To Design the following parameters • Maximum Allowable Mud Weight • Initial MAASP • Final MAASP • Total Wellbore Volume (Capacity of DP+DC+HWDP+Annulus) • Total Circulation Time • Kill mud Weight • Initial Circulating Pressure (ICP) • Final Circulating Pressure (FCP) • Fracture Pressure Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 10.
    Kill Sheet Preparation DataCollection for Kill Sheet Preparation Hole Dimensions • Casing Size • Casing Shoe Depth • Open Hole Diameter • Hole Depth • Drill Pipe • Heavy Weight DP • Drill Collars Capacities • Drill Pipe Capacity • Heavy Weight DP Capacity • Drill Collars capacity • CSG to Pipe Annulus • OH to Pipe / HW Annulus • OH to Collar Annulus Pumping Data • Pump Output • Slow Circulating Rate Pressure up to 40 SPM Fracture Data • Leak Off Test Pressure • Mud Weight In Hole At Test Kick Data • Mud Weight In Hole • SIDPP • SICP • Pit Gain Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 11.
    Data Collection forKill Sheet Preparation Pipe Capacities • Drill Pipe Capacity ID of DP should be known • Heavy Weight DP Capacity ID of HWDP should be Known • Drill Collars capacity ID of DC should be Known Annular Capacities • CSG to Pipe Annulus ID of CSG & OD of DP Should be Known • OH to Pipe / HW Annulus Hole Diameter & OD of DP and HWDP Should be Known • OH to Collar Annulus Hole Diameter & OD of DC Should be Known 𝑷𝒊𝒑𝒆 𝑪𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 = 𝑰𝑫 𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟗. 𝟒 −−−−−−−−− −( 𝒃𝒃𝒍𝒔 𝒇𝒕 ) 𝑨𝒏𝒏. 𝑪𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 = 𝑫𝒉 𝟐 − 𝑫𝒑 𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟗. 𝟒 −−−−−− −( 𝒃𝒃𝒍𝒔 𝒇𝒕 ) Kill Sheet Preparation Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 12.
    Data Collection forKill Sheet Preparation KICK DATA • Mud Weight in Hole Density of the mud at the time of kick • SIDPP Recorded at the pressure gauge attached to the choke manifold • SICP Recorded at the pressure gauge at the stand pipe • Pit Gain How much barrel increased in the pit mud tank at the surface Fracture Data • Leak Off Test Pressure By Conducting LOT Test after setting & Cementing the casing • Mud Weight in Hole at test Mud weight used for LOT Test Kill Sheet Preparation Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 13.
    Important Parameters Requiredfrom Kill Sheet • Maximum Allowable Mud Weight Maximum limit of the mud of the formation to withstand • Initial MAASP Maximum Allowable Annulus Surface Pressure is the maximum limit of the pressure in the annulus before kill the well • Final MAASP Maximum Allowable Annulus Surface Pressure is the maximum limit of the pressure in the annulus after kill the well • Total Wellbore Volume (Capacity of DP+DC+HWDP+Annulus) Volume of Drilling mud occupied in the wellbore. Kill Sheet Preparation Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 14.
    Important Parameters Requiredfrom Kill Sheet • Total Circulation Time Time required for the fluid to return to the surface • Kill mud Weight Weight of the Drilling Mud to kill the kicked well to get it stable • Initial Circulating Pressure (ICP) Initial Pressure Required for the mud through the DP to start circulation for killing the well • Final Circulating Pressure (FCP) The Pressure at the bit when kill mud reach to the bit • Fracture Pressure The Drilling mud Pressure at which the formation at the shoe brakes Fracture Pressure = LOT Pressure + HSP (at the mud weight used in LOT Test) Kill Sheet Preparation Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 15.
    Kill Sheet Preparation Capacities DrillPipe Capacity = 0.01776 bbls/ft Heavy Weight DP Capacity = 0.0088 bbls/ft Drill Collars capacity = 0.00768 bbls/ft CSG to Pipe Annulus = 0.0505 bbls/ft OH to Pipe / HW Annulus = 0.0459 bbls/ft OH to Collar Annulus = 0.0292 bbls/ft Hole Dimensions Casing Size = 9-5/8 “ Casing Shoe Depth = 7950 “ ft (TVD = 7950 ft) Open Hole Diameter = 8-1/2” Hole Depth = 9800 ft (TVD = 9800 ft) Drill Pipe = 5” OD ; Length = 8700 ft Heavy Weight DP = 5” OD ; Length = 500 ft Drill Collars = 8” OD; Length = 600 ft Kill Sheet Preparation Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 16.
    Pumping Data Pump Output= 0.119 bbls / stroke Slow Circulating Rate Pressure at 40 SPM = 500 Psi Fracture Data Leak Off Test Pressure = 1970 psi Mud Weight in Hole at test = 10.5ppg Kick Data Mud Weight in Hole = 11.3 ppg SIDPP = 450 psi SICP = 500 psi Pit Gain = 14 bbls Putting Data in the kill sheet and calculate as per instructions in the kill sheet Kill Sheet Preparation Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 17.
    Well Killing Methods Objectivesof the killing operations • To Restore Primary well control In order to do this, It is necessary to do the following: • Remove the influx • Replace the current mud with the Havier Mud Killing Methods • Driller’s Method • Wait & Weight Method Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 18.
    Driller’s Method • TwoCirculations Method • More Time Consuming • High Chance of Secondary Kick Wait & Weight Method • Single Circulation Killing Method • Less Time Consuming • less Chance of Secondary Kick Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 19.
    Important Points: The originalmud weight is used to circulate the influx Important Steps: - Reset the stroke counter. - Bring the pump up to kill speed while holding the casing pressure constant. - Maintain DP pressure constant until the influx is circulated out from the well BHP Bottom Hole Pressure, Psi Pumping Volume, bbl Well Killing Methods Driller’s Method : 1st Circulation Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 20.
    The maximum shoepressure is when the top of the influx reaches the shoe Casing Shoe Pressure, Psi Pumping Volume, bbl Surface Casing Pressure, Psi Pumping Volume, bbl Well Killing Methods Driller’s Method : 1st Circulation Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 21.
    When the influxis passing the casing shoe, the shoe pressure will decrease. Casing Shoe Pressure, Psi Surface Casing Pressure, Psi Pumping Volume, bbl Pumping Volume, bbl Well Killing Methods Driller’s Method : 1st Circulation Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 22.
    When the influxis above the casing shoe, the shoe pressure will remain constant. Casing Shoe Pressure, Psi Pumping Volume, bbl Surface Casing Pressure, Psi Pumping Volume, bbl SICP Driller’s Method : 1st Circulation Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 23.
    - Surface casingpressure is increasing as the influx is circulated up the well. - Pit volume is raising. Surface Casing Pressure, Psi Pumping Volume, bbl SICP Driller’s Method : 1st Circulation Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 24.
    SICP - The maximumsurface casing pressure is reached when the top of the influx is at surface. - It will be the maximum increase in pit level. Surface Casing Pressure, Psi Pumping Volume, bbl Driller’s Method : 1st Circulation Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 25.
    - As theinflux is passing through the choke, the surface casing pressure will decrease. - The pit volume will decrease. Surface Casing Pressure, Psi Pumping Volume, bbl SICP Driller’s Method : 1st Circulation Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 26.
    If all theinflux is successfully circulated from the well and the pump is stopped, SIDPP = SICP Driller’s Method : 1st Circulation Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 27.
    • Line upthe kill mud. • Reset the stroke counter. • Bring the pump up to kill speed while holding the casing pressure constant. • Reset the stroke counter after pumping the surface line volume. • Keep the casing pressure constant until KMW reach the bit. • ( Or follow the calculated DP pressure drop schedule from ICP to FCP.) • Pit volume has increased due to the weighting material added in the system. • When kill mud enters the annulus, maintain FCP constant until kill mud is at surface. Driller’s Method : 2nd Circulation Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 28.
    Driller’s Method Driller’s Method Drill Pipe Casing Driller’s Method: 1st Circulation Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 29.
    Driller’s Method Driller’s Method Drill Pipe Casing Driller’s Method: 2nd Circulation Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 30.
    Advantages: • Can startcirculating right away • Able to remove influx even if not enough barite on board • Less chance of gas migration • Less calculation Disadvantages: • Higher surface pressure • In certain situation, higher shoe pressure • Two circulation, more time through the choke Driller’s Method : Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 31.
    Driller’s Method (Review) 1)The well is shut in. 2) Record Shut in Drill pipe/Casing pressures. 3) Circulation is started by holding casing pressure constant until pump is at kill rate. 4) When pump speed is at kill rate, drill pipe pressure is recorded and kept constant with choke adjustments as necessary. Drill pipe pressure should be the sum of SIDPP and kill rate pump pressure. 5) The drill pipe pressure and pump rate are kept constant until the kick is circulated out of the hole. 6) Then the well is shut in (or circulated) and the fluid weight increased. 7) A heavier fluid is prepared and circulation is started again. Either a pressure chart is followed or the casing pressure is kept constant (assuming no additional influx) until the drill pipe is full of new heavy fluid. 8) When the drill pipe is full of heavy fluid FCP should be maintained until the annulus has been displaced with kill fluid. Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 32.
    • The killmud weight is used to circulate the influx • Reset the stroke counter • Bring the pump up to kill speed while Holding the casing pressure constant. • Reset the stroke counter after pumping the surface line volume. • Pump kill mud from surface to bit while following a calculated DP pressure drop schedule. • When kill mud enters the annulus, maintain FCP constant until kill mud is at surface. BHP Bottom Hole Pressure, Psi Pumping Volume, bbl Wait & Weight Method Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 33.
    Drill Pipe Casing Wait &Weight Method Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 34.
    Advantages: • Can generatelower pressure on formation near the casing shoe • In most situation generate less pressure on surface equipment • With a long open hole, less chance to induce losses • One circulation, less time spent circulating through the choke Disadvantages: • Longer waiting time prior to circulate the influx • Cutting could settle down and plug the annulus • Gas migration might become a problem • Need to have enough barite to increase the mud weight • More Calculations Wait & Weight Method Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 35.
    Wait & WeightMethod (Review) 1) The well is shut in after a kick and stabilized SIDPP, SICP and kick size information recorded. 2) The first calculation should be kill fluid density. 3) The rest of the worksheet is filled out while the fluid density in the pits is increased. 4) When ready to circulate, the pump is brought to kill rate speed while maintaining proper casing (backpressure) with the adjustable choke. 5) Maintain drill pipe (or tubing) pressure according to the pressure chart. All pressure adjustments begin with adjustment of casing (backpressure) from the choke. Every pressure adjustment should be recorded. 6) When heavy fluid reaches the bit, maintain drillpipe (or tubing) pressure at the Final Circulating Pressure until kill weight fluid returns to surface. 7) When gas, or liquid following the gas, starts to go through the choke, casing pressure must be stabilized at the last recorded value. Once pressures stabilize, then drillpipe (or tubing) pressure must be adjusted and kept at its proper value until the well has been killed. Well Killing Methods Kill Sheet Preparation & Killing Methods
  • 36.
    WELL # ABC FIELD- XYZ Hole Size 8.5 inch O-H/DC Capacity 0.03221 bbl/ft Hole Depth TVD/MD 11536 ft O-H/DP-HWDP Capacity 0.0447 bbl/ft Casing 9-5/8” TVD/MD 9875 ft C-H/Drill Pipe Capacity 0.04891 bbl/ft DP Capacity. 0.01741 bbl/ft Fracture EMW 16.9 ppg HWDP Length 600 ft SIDPP 530 psi HWDP Capacity 0.00874 bbl/ft SICP 700 psi DC 6-1/4” Length 880 ft Pump Displacement 0.1019 bbl/str k DC Capacity 0.00492 bbl/ft RRCP 30 SPM 650 psi Mud Weight 14 ppg Pit Gain 10 bbl CASE STUDY OBSERVE NORMAL WELL BEHAVIOR FOR: 1. Driller’s Method 2. Wait & Weight Method
  • 37.
    37 DRILLERS METHOD 1st CIRCULATION DP Pf=8928 psi SHUTT IN WELL 1489 MAASP CSG 0 O C 530 700 0 BHP= 8928 psi 7889 psi 7189 psi
  • 38.
    DRILLERS METHOD 1st CIRCULATION Pf=8928 psi BHP= 8928 psi O C 700 30 22 1180 DP REACHING: ICP • CP: Keep constant while bringing pumps up • Pumps up and pressure stabilized • DPP: Keep constant 1489 MAASP CSG 7889 psi
  • 39.
    DRILLERS METHOD 1st CIRCULATION Pf=8928 psi BHP= 8928 psi GAS IN OPEN HOLE • DPP: Constant • Gas Influx: Expands • CP: Increases • Shoe Pressure: Increases • MAASP: Constant O C 30 1180 310 740 DP 1489 MAASP CSG 7929 psi
  • 40.
    DRILLERS METHOD 1st CIRCULATION Pf=8928 psi BHP= 8928 psi GAS REACH SHOE • DPP: Constant • Gas Influx: Expands • CP: Increases • Shoe Pressure: Increases to Max • MAASP: Constant O C 1180 30 470 775 DP MAASP 1489 CSG 7964 psi
  • 41.
    DRILLERS METHOD 1st CIRCULATION Pf=8928 psi BHP= 8928 psi GAS MOVES INSIDE CASING • DPP: Constant • Gas Influx: Expands • SICP: Increases • Shoe Pressure: Decreases • MAASP: Increases O C 1180 30 620 785 DP MAASP 1685 CSG 7718 psi
  • 42.
    DRILLERS METHOD 1st CIRCULATION Pf=8928 psi BHP= 8928 psi GAS MOVING INSIDE CASING • DPP: Constant • Gas Influx: Expands • CP: Increases • Shoe Pressure: Constant • MAASP: Increases 7718 psi O C 1180 30 2300 1120 DP 2020 MAASP CSG
  • 43.
    DRILLERS METHOD 1st CIRCULATION Pf=8928 psi GAS REACH CHOKE • DPP: Constant • Gas Influx: Expands • CP: Increases to Max • Shoe Pressure: Constant • MAASP: Increase To Max 7718 psi BHP= 8928 psi O C 1180 30 4800 1580 DP MAASP 2480 CSG
  • 44.
    DRILLERS METHOD 1st CIRCULATION Pf=8928 psi GAS OUT OF WELL • DPP: Constant • CSG Pressure: Decreasing to SIDPP • CP: Constant • MAASP: Decreases to Original Value 7718 psi BHP= 8928 psi O C 1180 30 5400 530 DP 1489 MAASP CSG
  • 45.
    DRILLERS METHOD 2nd CIRCULATION Pf=8928 psi START PUMPING KILL MUD 14 PPG • CP: Constant • Shoe Pressure: Constant • MAASP: Constant 7718 psi BHP= 8928 psi O C 30 1180 5400 530 DP 1489 MAASP CSG
  • 46.
    DRILLERS METHOD 2nd CIRCULATION Pf=8928 psi KILL FLUID INSIDE DRILL PIPE • CP: Constant • DPP: Decreases • Shoe Pressure: Constant • MAASP: Constant 7718 psi BHP= 8928 psi O C 530 30 6306 936 DP 1489 MAASP CSG
  • 47.
    DRILLERS METHOD 2nd CIRCULATION Pf=8928 psi KILL MUD REACH BIT • CP: Constant • DPP: Decreases to FCP • Shoe Pressure: Constant • MAASP: Constant 7718 psi BHP= 8928 psi O C 530 30 7212 692 DP 1489 MAASP CSG
  • 48.
    DRILLERS METHOD 2nd CIRCULATION Pf=8928 psi KILL MUD REACH SHOE • DPP: Constant • CP: Decreases • Shoe Pressure: Decreases • MAASP: Constant 7657 psi BHP= 8928 psi DP 1489 MAASP CSG O C 692 30 7832 469
  • 49.
    DRILLERS METHOD 2nd CIRCULATION Pf=8928 psi KILL MUD INSIDE CASING • DPP: Constant • CP: Decreases • Shoe Pressure: Constant • MAASP: Decreasess 7657 psi BHP= 8928 psi O C 692 30 10202 233 DP MAASP CSG 1253
  • 50.
    DRILLERS METHOD 2nd CIRCULATION Pf=8928 psi KILL MUD AT SURFACE • DPP: Constant • CP: Decreases to Zero • Shoe Pressure: Constant • MAASP: Decreases to New MAASP with KMW 7657 psi BHP= 8928 psi O C 692 30 12600 0 DP MAASP CSG 1020
  • 51.
  • 52.
    Pf= 8928 psi SHUTTIN WELL Mixing Kill Mud 14.9 BHP= 8398 psi 7889 psi 7189 psi WAIT & WEIGHT METHOD 0 O C 530 700 0 DP 1489 MAASP CSG
  • 53.
    Pf= 8928 psi BHP=8928 psi 7889 psi WAIT & WEIGHT METHOD O C 700 30 22 1180 DP 1489 MAASP CSG REACHING ICP • CP: Keep Constant While Bringing Pumps Up • Pumps Up And Pressure Stabilized • DPP: Keep On Schedule
  • 54.
    Pf= 8928 psi BHP=8928 psi 7929 psi WAIT & WEIGHT METHOD GAS IN OPEN HOLE • DPP: Decreases • CP: Increases • Gas Influx: Expands • Shoe Pressure: Increases • MAASP: Constant O C 30 310 1097 740 DP MAASP CSG 1489
  • 55.
    Pf= 8928 psi BHP=8928 psi 7964 psi WAIT & WEIGHT METHOD GAS REACH SHOE • DPP: Decreasing • CP: Increases • Gas Influx: Expands • Shoe Pressure: Increase To Max • MAASP: Constant O C 30 470 1053 775 DP MAASP CSG 1489
  • 56.
    Pf= 8928 psi BHP=8928 psi 7718 psi WAIT & WEIGHT METHOD GAS MOVES INSIDE CASING • DPP: Decreases • CP: Increases • Gas Influx: Expands • Shoe Pressure: Decreases • MAASP: Increases O C 30 620 1013 785 DP MAASP CSG 1685
  • 57.
    Pf= 8928 psi 7718 psi WAIT& WEIGHT METHOD KILL MUD AT BIT GAS INSIDE CASING • DPP: Decreases to FCP • CP: Increases • Gas Influx: Expands • Shoe Pressure: Constant • MAASP: Increases O C 30 1812 692 1050 DP MAASP CSG 1950 BHP= 8928 psi
  • 58.
    Pf= 8928 psi 7641 psi WAIT& WEIGHT METHOD KILL MUD AT SHOE GAS INSIDE CASING • DPP: Constant • CP: Increasing • Gas Influx: Expands • Shoe Pressure: Decreasing • MAASP: Increases O C 30 2432 692 1080 DP MAASP CSG 1980 BHP= 8928 psi
  • 59.
    Pf= 8928 psi 7641 psi WAIT& WEIGHT METHOD KILL MUD INSIDE CASING GAS REACH CHOKE • DPP: Constant • CP: Increases • Gas Influx: Expands • Shoe Pressure: Constant • MAASP: Increases BHP= 8928 psi O C 30 4800 692 1278 DP MAASP CSG 2178
  • 60.
    Pf= 8928 psi 7641 psi WAIT& WEIGHT METHOD KILL MUD INSIDE CASING GAS OUT OF WELL • DPP: Constant • CP: Decreasing • Shoe Pressure: Constant • MAASP: Decreases BHP= 8928 psi O C 30 5360 692 180 DP MAASP CSG 1204
  • 61.
    Pf= 8928 psi 7641 psi WAIT& WEIGHT METHOD KILL MUD AT SURFACE • DPP: Constant • CP: Decreases to Zero • Shoe Pressure: Constant • MAASP: Decreases to New MAASP with KMW BHP= 8928 psi O C 30 7200 692 0 DP MAASP CSG 1027