This document provides information about gas lift optimization. It discusses the need for gas lift when wells are not producing through natural flow. Gas lift involves injecting natural gas into the well to lift fluids to the surface. The document outlines the basic principles of gas lift and gas lift systems. It describes how gas lift valves work and the process of unloading a well using multiple unloading valves. The goal of optimization is to find the optimal injection point and amount of gas injected to maximize oil production rates. Charts are provided showing well performance curves with injection rate versus oil rate.
This document was produced as part of my final year project of training to obtain a petroleum engineering diploma.
The aim of this project is to make a comparative study between continuous and intermittent gas lift systems based on real data from an oil well in Algeria, and to choose the system best suited to increase the production of the well.
This study was carried out by a manual design using the method of “fixed pressure drop” for the continuous gas lift system and “fallback gradient” method for intermittent gas lift system.
We were able to determine at the end of this study that the system best suited to the current conditions of our well would be the intermittent gas lift system and we also proposed that it should be combine with the "plunger lift " system in order to increase the efficiency of the intermittent gas lift system by eliminating problems linked to the phenomenon of" fallback " thus increase the production of our wells.
Production optimization using gas lift techniqueJarjis Mohammed
After completed the drilling, set the tubing and completed the well successfully, Petroleum engineers realize that the hydrocarbon fluid won't lift up from bottom hole to the surface by its reservoir drives which are mainly gas cap or water drive. Simply the gas lift technique is to reduce the density of hydrocarbon fluid inside the well to lift it to the surface by injecting compressed gas.
Gas Lift Design: Comparative Study of Continuous and Intermittent Gas Lift (C...Nicodeme Feuwo
This document was produced as part of my final year project of training to obtain a petroleum engineering diploma.
The aim of this project is to make a comparative study between continuous and intermittent gas lift systems based on real data from an oil well in Algeria, and to choose the system best suited to increase the production of the well.
This study was carried out by a manual design using the method of “fixed pressure drop” for the continuous gas lift system and “fallback gradient” method for intermittent gas lift system.
We were able to determine at the end of this study that the system best suited to the current conditions of our well would be the intermittent gas lift system and we also proposed that it should be combine with the "plunger lift " system in order to increase the efficiency of the intermittent gas lift system by eliminating problems linked to the phenomenon of" fallback " thus increase the production of our wells.
Presentation defines well completion as a sub-discipline of drilling operations. It introduces the various components of the well completion process. It then describes and explains basic areas of the completion process including the bottom-hole completion process, the perforation process, the upper completion with packers, tubing component equipment and devices, tubing configurations, the horizontal completions and the Christmas tree(production head)
This document was produced as part of my final year project of training to obtain a petroleum engineering diploma.
The aim of this project is to make a comparative study between continuous and intermittent gas lift systems based on real data from an oil well in Algeria, and to choose the system best suited to increase the production of the well.
This study was carried out by a manual design using the method of “fixed pressure drop” for the continuous gas lift system and “fallback gradient” method for intermittent gas lift system.
We were able to determine at the end of this study that the system best suited to the current conditions of our well would be the intermittent gas lift system and we also proposed that it should be combine with the "plunger lift " system in order to increase the efficiency of the intermittent gas lift system by eliminating problems linked to the phenomenon of" fallback " thus increase the production of our wells.
Production optimization using gas lift techniqueJarjis Mohammed
After completed the drilling, set the tubing and completed the well successfully, Petroleum engineers realize that the hydrocarbon fluid won't lift up from bottom hole to the surface by its reservoir drives which are mainly gas cap or water drive. Simply the gas lift technique is to reduce the density of hydrocarbon fluid inside the well to lift it to the surface by injecting compressed gas.
Gas Lift Design: Comparative Study of Continuous and Intermittent Gas Lift (C...Nicodeme Feuwo
This document was produced as part of my final year project of training to obtain a petroleum engineering diploma.
The aim of this project is to make a comparative study between continuous and intermittent gas lift systems based on real data from an oil well in Algeria, and to choose the system best suited to increase the production of the well.
This study was carried out by a manual design using the method of “fixed pressure drop” for the continuous gas lift system and “fallback gradient” method for intermittent gas lift system.
We were able to determine at the end of this study that the system best suited to the current conditions of our well would be the intermittent gas lift system and we also proposed that it should be combine with the "plunger lift " system in order to increase the efficiency of the intermittent gas lift system by eliminating problems linked to the phenomenon of" fallback " thus increase the production of our wells.
Presentation defines well completion as a sub-discipline of drilling operations. It introduces the various components of the well completion process. It then describes and explains basic areas of the completion process including the bottom-hole completion process, the perforation process, the upper completion with packers, tubing component equipment and devices, tubing configurations, the horizontal completions and the Christmas tree(production head)
This is an academic lecture for Diploma in Engineering 7th Semester Mining and Mine Survey Technology. The Course related to this presentation is Well completion and testing
Selection of the best artificial lift systems for the well depend on location, depth, estimated production, reservoir properties, and many other factors. Here is an overview on selection criteria for the best results
The slide-pack covers a large variety of artificial lift methods. Explanations are supported by breakdown of pros and cons, calculations and questions. Questions will shed light of roughly how to decide which method(s) to use in a specific case.
This is an academic lecture for Diploma in Engineering 7th Semester Mining and Mine Survey Technology. The Course related to this presentation is Well completion and testing
Selection of the best artificial lift systems for the well depend on location, depth, estimated production, reservoir properties, and many other factors. Here is an overview on selection criteria for the best results
The slide-pack covers a large variety of artificial lift methods. Explanations are supported by breakdown of pros and cons, calculations and questions. Questions will shed light of roughly how to decide which method(s) to use in a specific case.
Hydraulic Ram Made from Standard Plumbing Parts
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
An expansion device in a refrigeration system normally serves two purposes :
The thermodynamic faction of expanding the liquid refrigerant from condenser pressure to evaporator pressure.
The control functions which may involve the supply of liquid to the evaporator at the rate at which it is evaporated. This determines the efficiency with which evaporator surface is utilized.
Wellhead and Christmas tree products are used to monitor well pressure, adjust oil/gas well flow and prevent the release of hazardous liquid and gas from entering into air or water
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
2. July 2010 G. Moricca 2
One day Gas Lift Course
At the end of this section, you will
know……
1. Why we need Gas Lift
2. Why we need the of Gas Lift Valves
3. How to unload a well
4. How to optimize a Gas Lift well
3. Aug 2015 G. Moricca 3
Why we need the of Gas Lift
OPERATING
POINT
QACTUALPACTUAL
FLOWING WELLDEAD WELL
Flow rate Q
PressureP
Outflow
(TPR)
Inflow
(IPR)
4. Aug 2015 G. Moricca 4
Gas lifting is used to produce
fluids from wells not producing
in natural flow (dead) or to
increase the production rate of
naturally flowing wells.
Gas lifting uses natural
compressed at the surface and
injected in the wellstream at
some downhole point.
In continuous flow gas lift, a
steady rate of gas is injected in
well tubing, aerating the liquid and
thus reducing the hydrostatic
backpressure.
Basic Principles of Gas Lift
7. Aug 2015 G. Moricca 7
Why we need the of GL Valves
Gas lifting is a process of lifting fluids from an
oil well by injecting gas into formation
fluids at predetermined depth.
To achieve an efficient operation and to ensure
that the proper amount of gas is injected at
all times, gas entry must be controlled by
utilizing some kind of downhole control device:
Gas Lift Valves.
8. Aug 2015 G. Moricca 8
Overview of Gas Lift Valves
Continuous Gas Lift usually consists of a
number of unloading valves and an
orifice valve at the operating point.
The role of the unloading gas lift valve
should be to allow smooth, positive
and reliable unloading of the well
The role of the orifice valve (Operating
valve) should be to allow production
over many years with continuously
changing conditions.
Several different types of gas lift valves
used in order to achieve this and each
uses a particular design technique
Operating valve
Unloading valve
Unloading valve
Unloading valve
Unloading valve
9. Aug 2015 G. Moricca 9
A gas lift valve is designed to stay
closed until certain conditions of
pressure in the annulus and
tubing are met.
When the valve opens, it permits gas
or fluid to pass from the casing
annulus into the tubing
An operating gas lift valve is
installed to control the point of gas
injection.
Valves are installed above the
desired point of injection to unload
the well.
After unloading, they close to
eliminate gas injection above the
operating valve.
Operating valve
Unloading valve
Unloading valve
Unloading valve
Unloading valve
Overview of Gas Lift Valves
12. Aug 2015 G. Moricca 12
Unloading sequence
1. After a well is completed or worked over, the fluid level in the
casing and tubing is usually at or near the surface.
2. Casing and Tubing are in hydraulic communication because
the gas lift valve are in open position
3. The gas lift pressure available to unload the well is generally not
sufficient to unload fluid to the desired depth for gas injection.
This is because the pressure caused by the static column of fluid
in the well at the desired depth of injection is greater than the
available gas pressure at the depth of injection.
4. In this case a series of unloading gas lift valves are installed in
the well for the purpose.
5. These valves are designed to use the available gas injection
pressure (depending on gas compression system characteristics)
to unload the well until the desired depth of injection is achieved.
13. Aug 2015 G. Moricca 13
Unloading sequence
In this specific case, the fluid level in the casing and the tubing is at surface.
No gas is being injected into the casing and no fluid is being produced.
All the gas lift valves are open. The pressure to open the valves is provided by the
weight of the fluid in the casing and tubing.
The fluid level in the tubing and casing will be determined by the shut in bottom hole
pressure (SIBHP) and the hydrostatic head or weight of the column of fluid which is in
turn determined by the density.
Schlumberger courtesy
14. Aug 2015 G. Moricca 14
Unloading sequence
Gas injection into the casing has begun. Fluid is U-tubed through all the open gas lift
valves.
No formation fluids are being produced because the pressure in the wellbore at
perforation depth is greater than the reservoir pressure i.e. no drawdown.
All fluid produced is from the casing and the tubing.
All fluid unloaded from the casing passes through the open gas lift valves. Because
of this, it is important that the well be unloaded at a reasonable rate to prevent damage
to the gas lift valves.
15. Aug 2015 G. Moricca 15
Unloading sequence
The fluid level has been unloaded to the top gas lift valve.
This aerates the fluid above the top gas lift valve, decreasing the fluid density. This
reduces the pressure in the tubing at the top gas lift valve, and also reduces pressure in
the tubing at all valves below the top valve. This is reflected on TBG pressure curve.
This pressure reduction allows casing fluid below the top gas lift valve to be U-tubed
further down the well and unloaded through valves 2, 3 and 4.
If this reduction in pressure is sufficient to give some drawdown at the perforations then
the well will start to produce formation fluid.
16. Aug 2015 G. Moricca 16
Unloading sequence
The fluid level in the annulus has now been unloaded to just above valve
number two. This has been possible due to the increasing volume of gas
passing through top valve reducing the pressure in the tubing at valve two
thus enabling the U-tubing process to continue.
The weight reduction of the fluid column in the TBG (as consequence of
the higher GLR above the top gas lift valve) gives some drawdown at the
perforations then the well starts to produce formation fluid.
17. Aug 2015 G. Moricca 17
Unloading sequence
The fluid level in the casing has been lowered to a point below the second gas lift
valve. The top two gas lift valves are open and gas being injected through
both valves. All valves below also remain open and continue to pass casing fluid.
The tubing has now been unloaded sufficiently to sensibly reduce the flowing
bottom hole pressure (FBHP). This increases the differential pressure from the
reservoir to the wellbore and in turn increases the formation fluid flow rate.
18. Aug 2015 G. Moricca 18
Unloading sequence
The top gas lift valve is now closed, and all the gas is being injected
through the second valve. When casing pressure operated valves are used
a slight reduction in the casing pressure causes the top valve to close.
With fluid operated and proportional response valves, a reduction in the
tubing pressure at valve depth causes the top valve to close.
Unloading the well continues with valves 2, 3 and 4 open and casing fluid
being removed through valves 3 and 4.
19. Aug 2015 G. Moricca 19
Unloading sequence
The No 3 valve has now been uncovered. Valves 2 and 3 are both open
and passing gas. The bottom valve below the fluid level is also open.
Note that the deeper the point of injection the lower the FBHP and thus
the greater the drawdown on the well. As well productivity is directly
related to the drawdown then the deeper the injection the greater the
production rate.
20. Aug 2015 G. Moricca 20
Unloading sequence
The No. 2 valve is now closed. All gas is being injected through valve No 3. Valve
No 2 is closed by a reduction in casing pressure for casing operated valves or a
reduction in tubing pressure for fluid operated and proportional response valves.
Valve No 3 is the operating valve in this example. This is because the ability of
the reservoir to produce fluid matches the ability of the tubing to remove fluids
(Inflow/Outflow Performance). The operating valve can either be an orifice valve or
can be a gas lift valve. The valve in mandrel No 4 will remain submerged
unless operating conditions or reservoir conditions change.
23. Aug 2015 G. Moricca 23
Gas Lift Optimization Concept
Find the:
1. Optimum injection point for stable flow
conditions (at system design stage)
2. Optimum quantity of gas to be injected to
maximise the oil rate at specific well flow
condition (during the production phase)
24. Aug 2015 G. Moricca 24
Well Performance Curve
Lift Gas Injection rate vs Oil Rate
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Lift Gas Injection Rate mmscf/d
OilRatestb/d