This document discusses various artificial lift methods used to increase production from oil and gas wells as reservoir pressure declines. It describes the basic principles and components of common artificial lift techniques, including sucker rod pumps, gas lift, electrical submersible pumps, hydraulic jet pumping, plunger lift, and progressive cavity pumping. For each method, it provides information on advantages, limitations, and typical application ranges for operating parameters such as depth, production rate, temperature, and wellbore geometry. The document aims to provide an overview of different artificial lift options and considerations for selecting the appropriate production method.
The slide-pack covers a large variety of artificial lift methods. Explanations are supported by breakdown of pros and cons, calculations and questions. Questions will shed light of roughly how to decide which method(s) to use in a specific case.
The slide-pack covers a large variety of artificial lift methods. Explanations are supported by breakdown of pros and cons, calculations and questions. Questions will shed light of roughly how to decide which method(s) to use in a specific case.
Presentation defines well completion as a sub-discipline of drilling operations. It introduces the various components of the well completion process. It then describes and explains basic areas of the completion process including the bottom-hole completion process, the perforation process, the upper completion with packers, tubing component equipment and devices, tubing configurations, the horizontal completions and the Christmas tree(production head)
This is an academic lecture for Diploma in Engineering 7th Semester Mining and Mine Survey Technology. The Course related to this presentation is Well completion and testing
This document was produced as part of my final year project of training to obtain a petroleum engineering diploma.
The aim of this project is to make a comparative study between continuous and intermittent gas lift systems based on real data from an oil well in Algeria, and to choose the system best suited to increase the production of the well.
This study was carried out by a manual design using the method of “fixed pressure drop” for the continuous gas lift system and “fallback gradient” method for intermittent gas lift system.
We were able to determine at the end of this study that the system best suited to the current conditions of our well would be the intermittent gas lift system and we also proposed that it should be combine with the "plunger lift " system in order to increase the efficiency of the intermittent gas lift system by eliminating problems linked to the phenomenon of" fallback " thus increase the production of our wells.
Well Control is very important in Petroleum Engineering and necessary for being able to avoid hazards and controlling them as much as possible. This presentation provides valuable notes, instructions, and information about Well Control.
Selection of the best artificial lift systems for the well depend on location, depth, estimated production, reservoir properties, and many other factors. Here is an overview on selection criteria for the best results
DRILLING FLUIDS FOR THE HPHT ENVIRONMENTMohan Doshi
A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE DRILLING FLUIDS FOR DRILLING HPHT WELLS. HPHT WELLS ARE NOT BUSINESS AS USUAL AND THE SAME APPLIES TO HPHT DRILLING FLUIDS. THE FLUID CHEMISTRY AND THE FLUID COMPOSITION HAVE TO BE TAILORED TO MEET THE RIGORS OF THE HIGH TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENT
Drill stem test (DST) is one of the most famous on-site well testing that is used to unveil critical reservoir and fluid properties such as reservoir pressure, average permeability, skin factor and well potential productivity index. It is relatively cheap on-site test that is done prior to well completion. Upon the DST results, usually, the decision of the well completion is taken.
Presentation defines well completion as a sub-discipline of drilling operations. It introduces the various components of the well completion process. It then describes and explains basic areas of the completion process including the bottom-hole completion process, the perforation process, the upper completion with packers, tubing component equipment and devices, tubing configurations, the horizontal completions and the Christmas tree(production head)
This is an academic lecture for Diploma in Engineering 7th Semester Mining and Mine Survey Technology. The Course related to this presentation is Well completion and testing
This document was produced as part of my final year project of training to obtain a petroleum engineering diploma.
The aim of this project is to make a comparative study between continuous and intermittent gas lift systems based on real data from an oil well in Algeria, and to choose the system best suited to increase the production of the well.
This study was carried out by a manual design using the method of “fixed pressure drop” for the continuous gas lift system and “fallback gradient” method for intermittent gas lift system.
We were able to determine at the end of this study that the system best suited to the current conditions of our well would be the intermittent gas lift system and we also proposed that it should be combine with the "plunger lift " system in order to increase the efficiency of the intermittent gas lift system by eliminating problems linked to the phenomenon of" fallback " thus increase the production of our wells.
Well Control is very important in Petroleum Engineering and necessary for being able to avoid hazards and controlling them as much as possible. This presentation provides valuable notes, instructions, and information about Well Control.
Selection of the best artificial lift systems for the well depend on location, depth, estimated production, reservoir properties, and many other factors. Here is an overview on selection criteria for the best results
DRILLING FLUIDS FOR THE HPHT ENVIRONMENTMohan Doshi
A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE DRILLING FLUIDS FOR DRILLING HPHT WELLS. HPHT WELLS ARE NOT BUSINESS AS USUAL AND THE SAME APPLIES TO HPHT DRILLING FLUIDS. THE FLUID CHEMISTRY AND THE FLUID COMPOSITION HAVE TO BE TAILORED TO MEET THE RIGORS OF THE HIGH TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENT
Drill stem test (DST) is one of the most famous on-site well testing that is used to unveil critical reservoir and fluid properties such as reservoir pressure, average permeability, skin factor and well potential productivity index. It is relatively cheap on-site test that is done prior to well completion. Upon the DST results, usually, the decision of the well completion is taken.
50% of pumping energy is wasted. The presentation by Mark Marsh of ERIKS, at the ERIKS and Festo ECO event, provided useful insights into stopping it happening.
Pumps are used in virtually all industries and are big uses of energy. This presentation shows methods of condition monitoring and how to optimise time to overhaul.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
1. SARWAR ALAM ANSARI
MS-Petroleum Engineering ( Student)
SARWAR ALAM ANSARI
MS-Petroleum Engineering
Khazar University, Baku, Azerbaijan
ARTIFICIAL LIFT METHODS
2. INTRODUCTION
Artificial lift
Increase Reservoir Pressure
To recover more production
Natural flow decrease over time
50% of wells need artificial lift world wide
96% of US wells need artificial lift in starting
2
7. SUCKER ROD PUMP
Advantages of Sucker Rod Pump:
High System Efficiency
Optimization Controls Available
Economical to Repair and Service
Positive Displacement/Strong Drawdown
Upgraded Materials Reduce Corrosion Concerns
Flexibility - Adjust Production Through Stroke Length and Speed
High Salvage Value for Surface & Downhole Equipment
7
8. SUCKER ROD PUMP
8
Limitations of Sucker Rod Pump:
Potential for Tubing and Rod Wear
Gas-Oil Ratios
Most Systems Limited to Ability of Rods to Handle Loads (Volume
Decreases As Depth Increases)
Environmental and Aesthetic Concerns
9. SUCKER ROD PUMP
SRPApplication Considerations:
9
Typical Range Maximum
Operating Depth 100 - 11,000’ TVD 16,000’ TVD
Operating Volume 5 - 1500 BPD 5000 BPD
Operating Temperature 100° - 350° F 550° F
Wellbore Deviation 0 - 20° Landed
Pump
0-90° Landed Pump-
<15°/100’Build Angle
Corrosion Handling Good to Excellent
Gas Handling Fair to Good
Solids Handling Fair to Good
Fluid Gravity >8° API
Servicing Work over or Pulling Rig
Prime Mover Type Gas or Electric
Offshore Application Limited
System Efficiency 45%-60%
10. GAS LIFT
Introduction:
• Initial injections of pressurized gas need to be injected in steps or
stages starting near the top of the string and then going deeper.
• Compressed gas affects liquid in two ways
i) the energy of expansion propels the oil to the surface
ii) the gas aerates the oil so that the effective density of the
fluid is less and, thus easier to get to the surface .
• Four categories of wells
High PI, High BHP wells (>0.5 low PI)
High PI, Low BHP wells (<0.5 High PI)
Low PI, High BHP wells
Low PI, Low BHP wells
10
11. GAS LIFT
11
Fig: Configuration of a typical gas lift well
Basic Equipment
Main operation valves
Wire-line adaptations
Check valves
Mandrels
Surface control equipment
Compressors
Mandrels:
To help maintain the
pressure on the injected
gas in the annulus.
To hold the one way
valves.
Conventional (runs in
tubing) and Side Pocket
Mandrel (hung in tubing).
13. GAS LIFT
13
Advantages of Gas Lift:
High Degree of Flexibility and Design Rates
Wireline Retrievable
Handles Sandy Conditions Well
Allows For Full Bore Tubing Drift
Surface Wellhead Equipment Requires Minimal Space
Multi-Well Production From Single Compressor
Multiple or Slim hole Completion
14. GAS LIFT
14
Limitation of Gas Lift:
Needs High-Pressure Gas Well or Compressor
Fluid Viscosity
Bottom hole Pressure
High Back-Pressure
Well integrity concerns
Maybe Uneconomical for wells
Limited gas injection rate (depends on orifice)
Expensive Operation and maintenance of compressors
15. GAS LIFT
Gas Lift Application Considerations:
15
Typical Range Maximum
Operating Depth 5000 - 10000’ TVD 15,000’ TVD
Operating Volume 100 – 10,000 BPD 30,000 BPD
Operating Temperature 100° - 250° F 400° F
Wellbore Deviation 0 - 50° 70° short medium
radius
Corrosion Handling Good to Excellent (with up materials)
Gas Handling Excellent
Solids Handling Good
Fluid Gravity Best in >15° API
Servicing Wireline or Work over Rig
Prime Mover Type Compressor
Offshore Application Excellent
16. ELECTRICAL SUBMERSIBLE PUMP
16
Introduction:
Principle:
ESPs are pumps made of dynamic pump stages or centrifugal pump
stages. The electric motor connects directly to the centrifugal pump
module in an ESP. This means that the electric motor shaft connects
directly to the pump shaft. Thus, the pump rotates at the same speed
as the electric motor.
i) Subsurface components ii) Surface components
-Pump -Motor controller
-Motor (or variable speed controller)
-Seal electric cable -Transformer
-Gas separator -Surface electric cable
18. ELECTRICAL SUBMERSIBLE PUMP
18
Advantages of ESP:
High Volume and Depth Capability
High Efficiency Over 1,000 BPD
Low Maintenance
Minor Surface Equipment Needs
Good in Deviated Wells
Adaptable in Casings > 4-1/2”
Use for Well Testing
19. ELECTRICAL SUBMERSIBLE PUMP
19
Limitations of ESP:
Available Electric Power
Limited Adaptability to Major Changes in Reservoir
Difficult to Repair In the Field
Free Gas and/or Abrasives
High Viscosity
Higher Pulling Costs
20. ELECTRICAL SUBMERSIBLE PUMP
20
ESPApplication Considerations:
Corrosion Handling Good
Gas Handling Poor to Fair
Solids Handling Poor to Fair
Fluid Gravity >10° API
Servicing Work over or Pulling Rig
Prime Mover Type Electric Motor
Offshore Application Excellent
System Efficiency 35%-60%
Typical Range Maximum
Operating Depth 1,000- 10,000’ TVD 15,000’ TVD
Operating Volume 200- 20,000 BPD 30,000 BPD
Operating Temperature 100° - 275° F 400° F
Wellbore Deviation 10° 0-90° Pump Placement
<10°Build Angle
21. HYDRAULIC JET PUMPING
21
Fig: Sketch of a hydraulic jet pump installation
Introduction:
Hydraulic pumping systems
transmit power downhole by means
of pressurized power fluid that
flows in wellbore tubulars.
Jet Pump converts the pressurized
power fluid to a high-velocity jet
that mixes directly with the well
fluids.
22. HYDRAULIC JET PUMPING
22
Advantages of Hydraulic Jet Pumping :
No Moving Parts
High Volume Capability
“Free” Pump
Deviated Wells
Multi-Well Production from Single Surface Package
Low Pump Maintenance
23. HYDRAULIC JET PUMPING
23
Limitation of Hydraulic Jet Pumping :
Producing Rate Relative to Bottomhole Pressure
Some Require Specific Bottomhole Assemblies
Lower Horsepower Efficiency
High-Pressure Surface Line Requirements
24. HYDRAULIC JET PUMPING
24
Hydraulic Jet Pumping Application Considerations:
Corrosion Handling Excellent
Gas Handling Good
Solids Handling Good
Fluid Gravity >8° API
Servicing Hydraulic or Wireline
Prime Mover Type Multi-Cylinder or Electric
Offshore Application Excellent
System Efficiency 10%-30%
Typical Range Maximum
Operating Depth 5,000- 10,000’ TVD 15,000’ TVD
Operating Volume 300- 1,000 BPD 15,000 BPD
Operating Temperature 100° - 250° F 500° F
Wellbore Deviation 0-10° Hole Angle 0-90° Pump Placement
<24°/100’Build Angle
25. PLUNGER LIFT
25
Principle:
It uses a free piston that travels up and down in the well’s tubing
string.
It minimize liquid fall back and uses the well’s energy more
efficiently than in slug or bubble flow.
It remove liquids from the wellbore so that the well can be produced
at the lowest bottom-hole pressures.
Mechanics of a plunger lift system is same in oil/gas well, or gas lift.
A length of steel, is dropped down the tubing to the bottom of the
well and allowed to travel back to the surface. It provides a piston-
like interface between liquids and gas in the wellbore and prevents
liquid fall back.
27. PLUNGER LIFT
27
Advantages of Plunger Lift :
Requires No Outside Energy Source - Uses Well’s Energy to Lift
Dewatering Gas Wells
Rig Not Required for Installation
Easy Maintenance
Keeps Well Cleaned of Paraffin Deposits
Low Cost Artificial Lift Method
Handles Gassy Wells
Good in Deviated Wells
28. PLUNGER LIFT
28
Limitations of Plunger Lift :
Specific GLR’s to Drive System
Low Volume Potential (200 BPD)
Requires Surveillance to Optimize
29. PLUNGER LIFT
29
Plunger Lift Application Considerations:
Corrosion Handling Excellent
Gas Handling Excellent
Solids Handling Poor to Fair
GLR Required 300 SCF/BBL/1000’ Depth
Servicing Wellhead Catcher or Wireline
Prime Mover Type Well’s Natural Energy
Offshore Application N/A at this time
Typical Range Maximum
Operating Depth 8,000’ TVD 19,000’ TVD
Operating Volume 1- 5 BPD 200 BPD
Operating Temperature 120° F 500° F
Wellbore Deviation N/A 80°
30. PROGRESSIVE CAVITY PUMPING
30
Introduction:
It is a positive displacement pump.
It uses an eccentrically rotating single helical rotor, turning inside a
stator.
It can be used for lifting heavy oils at a variable flow rate.
32. PROGRESSIVE CAVITY PUMPING
32
Advantages of Progressive Cavity Pumping:
Low Capital Cost
Low Surface Profile for Visual & Height Sensitive Areas
High System Efficiency
Simple Installation, Quiet Operation
Pumps Oils and Waters with Solids
Low Power Consumption
Portable Surface Equipment
Low Maintenance Costs
Use In Horizontal/Directional Wells
33. PROGRESSIVE CAVITY PUMPING
33
Limitations of Progressive Cavity Pumping:
Limited Depth Capability
Temperature
Sensitivity to Produced Fluids
Low Volumetric Efficiencies in High-Gas Environments
Requires Constant Fluid Level above Pump
34. PROGRESSIVE CAVITY PUMPING
34
Progressive Cavity Pumping Application Considerations:
Corrosion Handling Fair
Gas Handling Good
Solids Handling Excellent
Fluid Gravity <35° API
Servicing Workover or Pulling Rig
Prime Mover Type Gas or Electric
Offshore Application Good(ES/PCP)
System Efficiency 40% - 70%
Typical Range Maximum
Operating Depth 2,000-4,500’ TVD 6,000’ TVD
Operating Volume 5- 2,200 BPD 4,500 BPD
Operating Temperature 75-150° F 250° F
Wellbore Deviation 0-90° 0-90° Landed Pump
<15°/100’ Build Angle