Week 10 (The Roman Empire)
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The document provides an overview of the Roman Empire from 48 BC to AD 180. It summarizes key events such as Julius Caesar's dictatorship and assassination, the rise of the Second Triumvirate led by Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus, and Octavian becoming the first Roman emperor Augustus. It also discusses aspects of Roman culture and infrastructure during this period, such as the establishment of the Principate system of imperial rule, the Pax Romana, expansion of Roman roads and cities, and development of public baths and amphitheaters.
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C O N T E N T SDOCUMENTSxvMAPSxixFEATURESxxi.docx
C O N T E N T S
DOCUMENTS
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MAPS
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FEATURES
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PREFACE
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
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· THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST: THE FIRST
CIVILIZATIONS 1
The First Humans
2
The Emergence of Homo sapiens
2
The Hunter-Gatherers of the Old Stone Age 3 The Neolithic Revolution (c. 10,000–4000 B.C.E.) 3
The Emergence of Civilization
5
Civilization in Mesopotamia
6
The City-States of Ancient Mesopotamia
7
Empires in Ancient Mesopotamia
9
The Code of Hammurabi
10
The Culture of Mesopotamia 11
Egyptian Civilization: ‘‘The Gift of the Nile’’ 15
The Impact of Geography
15
O P P O S I N G V I E W P O I N T S
THE GREAT FLOOD: TWO VERSIONS 16
The Old and Middle Kingdoms
18
Society and Economy in Ancient Egypt
19
The Culture of Egypt 19
Disorder and a New Order: The New Kingdom 22
Daily Life in Ancient Egypt
25
On the Fringes of Civilization
26
The Impact of the Indo-Europeans
27
I M A G E S O F E V E R Y D A Y L I F E
THE EGYPTIAN DIET
28
The Hittite Empire
29
CHAPTER SUMMARY • CHAPTER TIMELINE • CHAPTER
REVIEW • SUGGESTED READING
29
· THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST: PEOPLES
AND EMPIRES 32
The Hebrews: ‘‘The Children of Israel’’
33
Was There a United Kingdom of Israel? 33 The Kingdoms of Israel and Judah 34
The Spiritual Dimensions of Israel
35
The Social Structure of the Hebrews
38
The Neighbors of the Israelites
39
The Assyrian Empire
40
Organization of the Empire
41
The Assyrian Military Machine
41
Assyrian Society and Culture
42
O P P O S I N G V I E W P O I N T S
THE GOVERNING OF EMPIRES: TWO
APPROACHES
43
The Neo-Babylonian Empire
44
The Persian Empire
45
Cyrus the Great
45
Expanding the Empire
46
Governing the Empire
47
The Great King
48
Persian Religion
49
CHAPTER SUMMARY • CHAPTER TIMELINE • CHAPTER
REVIEW • SUGGESTED READING
51
3 THE CIVILIZATION OF THE GREEKS 53
Early Greece
54
Minoan Crete
54
The First Greek State: Mycenae 55
The Greeks in a Dark Age (c. 1100–c. 750 B.C.E.)
56
Homer and Homeric Greece
57
Homer’s Enduring Importance
58
The World of the Greek City-States
(c. 750–c. 500 B.C.E.)
59
The Polis 59
Colonization and the Growth of Trade
59
Tyranny in the Greek Polis
61
Sparta
62
Athens
64
Greek Culture in the Archaic Age
64
The High Point of Greek Civilization: Classical Greece 66
The Challenge of Persia
66
F I L M & H I S T O R Y
300 (2007)
69
The Growth of an Athenian Empire
69
The Great Peloponnesian War (431–404 B.C.E.)
72
The Decline of the Greek States (404–338 B.C.E.)
73
ix
Copyright 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additiona ...
Week 11 (After Rome)
The document summarizes major developments in the post-Roman world between 500-1000 AD, including the establishment of the Byzantine Empire, the rise of Islam and the Arab Empire, and the rule of Charlemagne and the Carolingians in western Europe. The Byzantine Empire continued the Eastern Roman Empire centered in Constantinople. The religion of Islam emerged in Arabia and rapidly expanded a large Arab Empire. In the west, Germanic kingdoms developed as the Franks rose to power under Charlemagne, who established a renaissance and unified much of Europe as the leader of the Carolingian Empire.
Classical Rome
Ancient Rome grew from a small settlement into a massive empire between 800 BCE to 500 CE. Key events included the establishment of the Roman Republic in 509 BCE, which established important legal and governmental structures. The Roman Republic then expanded greatly through a series of Punic Wars against Carthage between 264-146 BCE. This established Rome as the dominant power in the Mediterranean. The Roman Empire emerged under Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE and saw the rise of the famous Roman emperors and a period of peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana. However, by the 5th century CE the Western Roman Empire was beginning to collapse due to invasions from Germanic tribes.
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Week 12 (The Long 19th Century)
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Week 13 (Nationalism)
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HIS 102 8 The French Revolution
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Syllabus
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Week 10 (The Roman Empire)
- 1. The Roman Empire Week 10
- 2. Overview • 48 BC – AD 180 • Julius Caesar • The 2nd Triumvirate • Augustus • The Roman Empire • Christianity • Homework – Ch. 7 – Quiz 11/17 – Discussion 11/14
- 3. Julius Caesar • 53 BC, Crassus dies • 49 BC, Rubicon River • 48 BC, Battle of Pharsalus • Dictator – 49 BC – For 10 years, 47 BC – For life, 44 BC • Reforms • 44 BC, Assassination – Brutus and Cassius Roman Coin, Minted by Brutus, 43-42 BC
- 5. The 2nd Triumvirate • Caesar’s supporters – Octavian (63 BC – AD 14) – Mark Antony (81 – 30 BC) – Lepidus (d. 12 BC) • Battle of Philippi, 42 BC • Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator – b. 69 BC, r. 51-30 BC – Caesarion • Battle of Actium, 31 BC
- 6. Octavian, r. 31 BC – AD 14 • Method of Rule • Titles: – Augustus – Pontifex Maximus – Princeps – Imperator • Praetorian Guard • Equestrians • Imperial Cult • The Principate • Julio-Claudian Dynasty • Pax Romana – Arminius, Teutoberg Forrest, AD 9 Augustus of Prima Porta, c. 20 BC
- 8. Map 6.1 p153 MAP 6.1 The Roman Empire from Augustus Through Trajan
- 9. Ara Pacis, 9 BC
- 10. Detail of the Ara Pacis
- 11. Golden Age of Latin Literature • Patron of the Arts • Virgil (70 –19 B.C.) – The Aeneid • Livy (59 B.C. – AD 17) – The history of Rome • Ovid (43 B.C. – AD 18) – Metamorphoses Augustus as Pontifex Maximus, c. AD 12
- 12. Imperial Dynasties • Julio-Claudians, 31 BC – AD 68 – Augustus, r. 31 BC – AD 14 – Caligula, r. AD 37 – 41 – Nero, r. AD 54 – 68 • Flavians AD 69 – 96 – Vespasian • The Good Emperors, 96 – 180 – Trajan, 98 – 117 – Hadrian, 117 – 138 Triumphal Arch, Timgad, 2nd Cent AD
- 14. The Roman Army • Legionaries • Adaptability • Citizenship • Auxiliaries • Roads • Romanization Gemellus, July 7, AD 12
- 15. Trajan’s Column
- 16. Trajan’s Column, AD 113
- 17. p118 Roman Roads in Italy
- 18. The Pax Romana
- 19. Roman Cities • Roman Empire • Colonies • Armies & Veterans • Curiales • Attributes • Infrastructure • Romanization • https://youtu.be/uvPbj 9NX0zc?t=30s
- 20. Le Pont du Gard, AD 60
- 22. Forum Baths, Herculaneum, 1st C BC
- 23. The Baths of Caracalla, AD 216
- 26. Colosseum, AD 80
- 27. Imperial Rome
Editor's Notes
- The Roman World at the End of the Republic, 44 BCE By the time of Julius Caesar’s assassination in 44 BCE, the territory that would be the Roman Empire was almost complete.
- MAP 6.1 The Roman Empire from Augustus Through Trajan (14–117). Augustus and later emperors continued the expansion of the Roman Empire, adding more resources but also increasing the tasks of administration and keeping the peace. Compare this map with Map 5.3.
- Roman Roads in Italy. The Romans built a remarkable system of roads. After laying a foundation with gravel, which allowed for drainage, the Roman builders placed flagstones, closely fitted together. Unlike other peoples who built similar kinds of roads, the Romans did not follow the contours of the land but made their roads as straight as possible to facilitate communications and transportation, especially for military purposes. Seen here is a view of the Via Appia (Appian Way), built in 312 B.C.E. under the leadership of the censor and consul Appius Claudius (Roman roads were often named after the great Roman families who encouraged their construction). The Via Appia (shown on the map) was constructed to make it easy for Roman armies to march from Rome to the newly conquered city of Capua, a distance of 152 miles.