The document provides a chronological overview of rulers in England from 1066 to 1485. Key events include the Norman conquest under William the Conqueror, the building of castles and creation of the Domesday Book. Subsequent rulers presided over the Crusades, signing of the Magna Carta, Hundred Years' War, Peasants' Revolt, Wars of the Roses, and establishment of the Tudor dynasty. Major cultural and technological developments like the printing press and works of Chaucer and Shakespeare occurred during this time period.

2. 1066-10877
• The reign of King William the Conqueror
• The Battle of Hastings and the defeat of
Harold Godwinson
• The Building of Norman castles in England
including the Tower of London in 1073
• 1086 - Compilation of the Doomsday book

3. 1087-1100
• The reign of King William Rufus
(son of William)
• William invades Wales and builds
castles on the borders

4. 1100-1135
• The reign of King Henry I (William
Rufus brother)

5. 1135-1154
• The reign of King Stephen (nephew of Henry I)
• 1099: First Crusade. Jerusalem is re-taken from
the Muslims on the urging of Pope Urban II
• 1118: The Knights Templar founded to protect
Jerusalem and European pilgrims on their
journey to the city
• 1147: Second Crusade

6. 1154-1189
• The reign of King Henry II (grandson of Henry I)
• 1156: Kremlin built in Moscow
• 1158: The Hanseatic League is founded
• 1184: The first of many Inquisitions begins
• 1170: Thomas a Becket is murdered in
Canterbury Cathedral

7. 1189-1199
• The reign of King Richard I (third son of
Henry II)
• 1190: Third Crusade. Saladin manages
to unite the Muslim world and
recapture Jerusalem, sparking the Third
Crusade

8. 1199-1216
• The reign of King John (fifth son of Henry II)
• 1200: Fourth Crusade embarks. Eventually
sacks Constantinople
• 1212: Children's Crusade
• 1214 -1215: Barons revolt
• 1215: Magna Carta is signed

9. 1216-1272
• The reign of King Henry III (son of
John)
• 1258: Provisions of Oxford forced
upon Henry III of England,
establishing a new form of
government limited regal authority

10. 1272-1307
• The reign of King Edward I (son of Henry III)
• 1273: Rudolph I of Germany is elected Holy
Roman Emperor
• 1274: Thomas Aquinas' work, Summa Theologiae
is published
• 1295: Marco Polo publishes his tales of China
• 1297: William Wallace emerges as the leader of
the Scottish resistance to England

11. 1307-1327
• The reign of King Edward II (son of
Edward I)
• 1307: The Knights Templar are rounded
up and murdered by Philip the Fair of
France, with the backing of the Pope
• 1311-1315: The Great Famine

12. 1327-1377
• The reign of King Edward III (son of Edward II)
• 1337: The Hundred Years War begins. England and France
struggle for dominance of Western Europe
• 1346: Battle of Crecy
• 1347: The Black Death ravages Europe for the first of many
times. An estimated 20% - 40% of the population is thought
to have perished within the first year
• 1356: Battle of Poitiers

13. 1377-1399
• The reign of King Richard II (grandson of Edward III,
son of the Black Prince)
• 1380: Chaucer begins to write The Canterbury Tales
• 1381: Peasants Revolt in England
• 1382: The Bible is translated into English by John
Wycliffe.

14. 1399-1413
• The reign of King Henry IV
(grandson of Edward III, son of
John of Gaunt)

15. 1413-1422
• The reign of King Henry V (son of
Henry IV)
• 1415: Battle of Agincourt

16. 1422-1461
• The reign of King Henry VI (son of Henry V)
• 1429: Joan of Arc lifts the siege of Orleans for the Dauphin of
France, enabling him to eventually be crowned at Reims
• 1430: Capture, trial, and execution of Joan of Arc
• 1434: The Medici family rises to prominence in Florence
• 1452: Leonardo da Vinci is born
• 1453: The Hundred Years War ends. Calais is the only English
possession on Continental Europe
• 1455: Johann Gutenberg prints the first of his Bibles on his
new printing press
• 1455: The Wars of the Roses begins in England

17. 1461-1483
• The reign of King Edward IV (
youngest son of Edward III)
• William Caxton sets up a printing
press in Westminster

18. 1483-1485
• The reign of King Richard III (uncle
of Edward V)
• 1485: The Wars of the Roses ends
and the Tudor dynasty begins