Keysight Technologies provides electronic measurement solutions for 5G network deployment and testing. It was formed from businesses originally part of Hewlett-Packard and Agilent Technologies. Keysight focuses on enabling 5G network interoperability testing through solutions like channel emulation, RF testing, and network monitoring. 5G new radio specifications are being developed to support new services like enhanced mobile broadband, massive IoT, and ultra-reliable low latency communications.
LTE network: How it all comes together architecture technical posterDavid Swift
Mobile network operators that want to deploy LTE now want to do so on their own terms. They want to roll out ultrafast mobile broadband safe in the knowledge that one vendor’s solution will work efficiently with another, while delivering the high level of service that subscribers expect. A standards-based network will ensure the goal is met and help drive down cost for operators, but understanding how to pull it all together can be a challenge. So how does it all come together?
A quick look at 5G System architecture in Reference point representation and in Service Based representation and also look at the different Network Functions (NFs) within the 5G System.
Beginners: Introduction to 5G Reduced Capability (RedCap) Devices3G4G
A quick introduction to new 3GPP Release-17 feature called RedCap or Reduced Capability New Radio devices. This feature was earlier called NR-Light / NR-Lite and is sometimes referred to as Low Complexity NR devices.
This tutorial looks at why this is needed, how is it different from the existing 5G requirements for eMBB, URLLC & mMTC, and why can't 4G be used instead of 5G for this feature.
We will also look at some of the proposals for enhancement of RedCap that are being discussed for 5G-Advanced in 3GPP Release-18
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
This updated presentation/video looks at 5G Network Architecture options that have been proposed by 3GPP for deployment of 5G. It covers the Standalone (SA) and Non-Standalone (NSA) architecture. In the NSA architecture, EN-DC (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity), NGEN-DC (NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity) and NE-DC (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity) has been looked at. Finally, migration strategies proposed by vendors and operators (MNOs / SPs) have been discussed.
Final Presentation of TEEP (Taiwan Experience Education Program)@AsiaPlus 2019 at Broadband Multimedia and Wireless Research Laboratory, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology.
This presentation contains explanation about 5G FAPI specification in concept.
LTE network: How it all comes together architecture technical posterDavid Swift
Mobile network operators that want to deploy LTE now want to do so on their own terms. They want to roll out ultrafast mobile broadband safe in the knowledge that one vendor’s solution will work efficiently with another, while delivering the high level of service that subscribers expect. A standards-based network will ensure the goal is met and help drive down cost for operators, but understanding how to pull it all together can be a challenge. So how does it all come together?
A quick look at 5G System architecture in Reference point representation and in Service Based representation and also look at the different Network Functions (NFs) within the 5G System.
Beginners: Introduction to 5G Reduced Capability (RedCap) Devices3G4G
A quick introduction to new 3GPP Release-17 feature called RedCap or Reduced Capability New Radio devices. This feature was earlier called NR-Light / NR-Lite and is sometimes referred to as Low Complexity NR devices.
This tutorial looks at why this is needed, how is it different from the existing 5G requirements for eMBB, URLLC & mMTC, and why can't 4G be used instead of 5G for this feature.
We will also look at some of the proposals for enhancement of RedCap that are being discussed for 5G-Advanced in 3GPP Release-18
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
This updated presentation/video looks at 5G Network Architecture options that have been proposed by 3GPP for deployment of 5G. It covers the Standalone (SA) and Non-Standalone (NSA) architecture. In the NSA architecture, EN-DC (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity), NGEN-DC (NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity) and NE-DC (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity) has been looked at. Finally, migration strategies proposed by vendors and operators (MNOs / SPs) have been discussed.
Final Presentation of TEEP (Taiwan Experience Education Program)@AsiaPlus 2019 at Broadband Multimedia and Wireless Research Laboratory, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology.
This presentation contains explanation about 5G FAPI specification in concept.
VoLTE Basic callflows in IMS network v2 - includes Registration, Basic VoLTE Call, SDP, Interconnect, Roaming, highlights important SIP headers for session routing and user identities.
A short introductory presentation/video explaining Bandwidth Parts in 5G and why are they needed.
There are two main reasons:
1. Cheaper devices may not want to support the large bandwidth in 5G, that can go up to 400 MHz for FR2 and 100 MHz for FR1
2. A device does not need to monitor the whole of bandwidth for power consumption reduction reasons, here BWP can help too
5G/NR wireless communication technology overview, architecture and its operating modes SA and NSA. Also an introduction to VoNR and other services overview of 5G network.
The key technologies of 5G namely MIMO and Network slicing are also explained.
A high level introduction to Non-Standalone and Standalone 5G and what benefits will they bring to the businesses.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
A presentation / video looking at 5G spectrum auctions and allocations and how different types of spectrum is required for providing a perfect 5G coverage
All our slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Beginners: Different Types of RAN Architectures - Distributed, Centralized & ...3G4G
In this basic tutorial we look at different types of RAN architectures that are always being discussed. We start with the Distributed RAN (D-RAN) and then look at Centralized and Cloud RAN (both referred to as C-RAN) architectures. We also quickly look at RAN functional splits for 5G and then tie this all together.
We also look at how Samsung and Nokia discuss these architectures in the context of 5G.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
Open RAN Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/OpenRAN/
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Get a better understanding of 5G in this "Introduction to 5G"presentation by Doug Hohulin, Nokia 4G/5G Mobile Technology, whose focus is the strategy and business development of AV, UAS, Smart City, IoT and 5G technologies. This was part of Doug's presentation at the 2017 Gigabit City Summit (GCS17)
Content
Brief history about wireless ecosystem.
What is LTE (Long Term Evolution) ?
How is it different from older technologies ?
Network architecture in LTE
Radio Access network (RAN)
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
Bearers in LTE
Interfaces in LTE
Life Cycle of a UE
LTE RAN overview
Architecture and requirements
Channel bandwidths and operating bands
OFDMA and SC-FDMA
Frequency (LTE-FDD) and time division duplexing (LTE-TDD)
Multiple Antenna techniques in LTE
Channels in LTE and protocol Stack
LTE EPC overview
Architecture
Functions of various elements in EPC
Overview 5G NR Radio Protocols by Intel Eiko Seidel
Very nice overview of the 5G Radio Interface protocol as defined by 3GPP in NR Rel.15. The document was submitted to the 3GPP workshop on ITU submission in Brussels on Oct 24, 2018.
Part 6: Standalone and Non-Standalone 5G - 5G for Absolute Beginners3G4G
An introductory training on 5G for newbies available on Udemy - http://bit.ly/udemy5G
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Beginners: Open RAN Terminology – Virtualization, Disaggregation & Decomposition3G4G
This video/presentation explains Open RAN terminology that different people, companies and organizations use. It starts with open interfaces and then looks at radio hardware disaggregation and compute disaggregation. Moving from 2G/3G/4G to 5G, it also explains the Open RAN approach to a decomposed architecture with RAN functional splits.
This forms part of our #OpenRAN videos where we discuss open movement, networks and #ORANalliance.
The corresponding video is available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJykqLCrHQI
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
Open RAN Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/OpenRAN/
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
The slides include the introduction to vehicular technology, two radio access vehicular technology DSRC & C-V2X. Also Vehicular Named Data Networking (V-NDN) along with research challenges and future research directions is presented.
A short video & presentation looking at when 5G icon is displayed on Smartphones, especially with Non-Standalone (Option 3 / EN-DC) deployment.
All our slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
5G Network Architecture, Design and Optimisation3G4G
Presented by Prof. Andy Sutton, Principal Network Architect, Architecture & Strategy, TSO, BT at The IET '5G - State of Play' conference on 24th January 2018
*** SHARED WITH PERMISSION ***
VoLTE Basic callflows in IMS network v2 - includes Registration, Basic VoLTE Call, SDP, Interconnect, Roaming, highlights important SIP headers for session routing and user identities.
A short introductory presentation/video explaining Bandwidth Parts in 5G and why are they needed.
There are two main reasons:
1. Cheaper devices may not want to support the large bandwidth in 5G, that can go up to 400 MHz for FR2 and 100 MHz for FR1
2. A device does not need to monitor the whole of bandwidth for power consumption reduction reasons, here BWP can help too
5G/NR wireless communication technology overview, architecture and its operating modes SA and NSA. Also an introduction to VoNR and other services overview of 5G network.
The key technologies of 5G namely MIMO and Network slicing are also explained.
A high level introduction to Non-Standalone and Standalone 5G and what benefits will they bring to the businesses.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
A presentation / video looking at 5G spectrum auctions and allocations and how different types of spectrum is required for providing a perfect 5G coverage
All our slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Beginners: Different Types of RAN Architectures - Distributed, Centralized & ...3G4G
In this basic tutorial we look at different types of RAN architectures that are always being discussed. We start with the Distributed RAN (D-RAN) and then look at Centralized and Cloud RAN (both referred to as C-RAN) architectures. We also quickly look at RAN functional splits for 5G and then tie this all together.
We also look at how Samsung and Nokia discuss these architectures in the context of 5G.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
Open RAN Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/OpenRAN/
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Get a better understanding of 5G in this "Introduction to 5G"presentation by Doug Hohulin, Nokia 4G/5G Mobile Technology, whose focus is the strategy and business development of AV, UAS, Smart City, IoT and 5G technologies. This was part of Doug's presentation at the 2017 Gigabit City Summit (GCS17)
Content
Brief history about wireless ecosystem.
What is LTE (Long Term Evolution) ?
How is it different from older technologies ?
Network architecture in LTE
Radio Access network (RAN)
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
Bearers in LTE
Interfaces in LTE
Life Cycle of a UE
LTE RAN overview
Architecture and requirements
Channel bandwidths and operating bands
OFDMA and SC-FDMA
Frequency (LTE-FDD) and time division duplexing (LTE-TDD)
Multiple Antenna techniques in LTE
Channels in LTE and protocol Stack
LTE EPC overview
Architecture
Functions of various elements in EPC
Overview 5G NR Radio Protocols by Intel Eiko Seidel
Very nice overview of the 5G Radio Interface protocol as defined by 3GPP in NR Rel.15. The document was submitted to the 3GPP workshop on ITU submission in Brussels on Oct 24, 2018.
Part 6: Standalone and Non-Standalone 5G - 5G for Absolute Beginners3G4G
An introductory training on 5G for newbies available on Udemy - http://bit.ly/udemy5G
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Beginners: Open RAN Terminology – Virtualization, Disaggregation & Decomposition3G4G
This video/presentation explains Open RAN terminology that different people, companies and organizations use. It starts with open interfaces and then looks at radio hardware disaggregation and compute disaggregation. Moving from 2G/3G/4G to 5G, it also explains the Open RAN approach to a decomposed architecture with RAN functional splits.
This forms part of our #OpenRAN videos where we discuss open movement, networks and #ORANalliance.
The corresponding video is available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJykqLCrHQI
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
Open RAN Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/OpenRAN/
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
The slides include the introduction to vehicular technology, two radio access vehicular technology DSRC & C-V2X. Also Vehicular Named Data Networking (V-NDN) along with research challenges and future research directions is presented.
A short video & presentation looking at when 5G icon is displayed on Smartphones, especially with Non-Standalone (Option 3 / EN-DC) deployment.
All our slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
5G Network Architecture, Design and Optimisation3G4G
Presented by Prof. Andy Sutton, Principal Network Architect, Architecture & Strategy, TSO, BT at The IET '5G - State of Play' conference on 24th January 2018
*** SHARED WITH PERMISSION ***
5th generation mobile networks or 5th generation wireless systems is abbreviated as 5G, and proposed next telecommunications standards beyond the current 4G/IMT-Advanced standards. 5G planning aims at higher capacity than current 4G, allowing a higher density of mobile broadband users, and supporting device-to-device, ultra reliable, and massive machine communications. Its research and development also aims at lower latency than 4G equipment and lower battery consumption, for better implementation of the Internet of things.
Here you are an interesting explanation about HSPA Technology. The High Speed packet Access is the combination of two technologies, one of the downlink and the other for the uplink that can be built onto the existing 3G UMTS or W-CDMA technology to provide increased data transfer speeds.
The original 3G UMTS / W-CDMA standard provided a maximum download speed of 384 kbps.
Digital Implementation of Costas Loop with Carrier RecoveryIJERD Editor
Demodulator circuit is a basic building block of wireless communication. Digital implementation of
demodulator is attracting more attention for the significant advantages of digital systems than analog systems.
The carrier signal extraction is the main problem in synchronous demodulation in design of demodulator based
on Software Defined Radio. When transmitter or receiver in motion, it is difficult for demodulator to generate
carrier signal same in frequency and phase as transmitter carrier signal due to Doppler shift and Doppler rate.
Here the digital implementation of Costas loop for QPSK demodulation in continuous mode is discussed with
carrier recovery using phase locked loop.
This is presentation by Keysight technologies on 5G NR Dynamic Spectrum Sharing. Very well articulated presentation as always by Keysight. Details on the 3GPP support for NR DSS implementation in LTE bands in Rel 15 and Rel 16.
Webinar: Controle de motores BLDC e de indução trifásicoEmbarcados
Pensando nas aplicações que necessitam de controle de motor e na complexidade envolvida, a Microchip tem desenvolvido diversos componentes, algoritmos e ferramentas para ajudar no desenvolvimento para o produto ir para o mercado em perfeito funcionamento e com menor tempo de desenvolvimento. Nesse webinar apresentaremos como você pode desenvolver facilmente aplicações para controle de motores BLCD e de indução trifásico usando os algoritmos FOC, Zero-Speed/Maximum-Torque Control, six step e v/f, com os softwares e hardware da Microchip.
Assista a gravação em: https://embarcados.com.br/webinar-controle-de-motores-bldc-e-de-inducao-trifasico/
Neste webinar serão abordadas topologias e aplicações nas quais o uso de FPGA é vantajoso em relação ao uso de processadores. Serão apresentadas comparações de designs equivalentes em FPGA e em software, apontando os cenários em que o uso de cada uma das tecnologias tem melhor performance.
Webinar: Especificação de Componentes PassivosEmbarcados
Nessa apresentação, descreveremos brevemente uma visão geral do portfólio do Grupo Yageo. Também daremos um mergulho mais profundo em alguns grupos de produtos, como capacitores de alumínio e polímero de tântalo, bem como na linha de magnéticos, sensores e atuadores.
Webinar: Projeto de hardware utilizando Conversores DC/DCEmbarcados
O objetivo do webinar é apresentar os conversores DC/DC da Vishay, especialmente projetados para sistemas embarcados, baseados em microprocessadores e/ou FPGAs. Em geral, estes sistemas exigem baixas tensões e altas correntes. Os CIs conversores da Vishay foram projetados para cumprir essa função com alta eficiência e facilidade de projeto.
Apresentação da nova linha de microcontroladores Cortex-M da Microchip e o framework MCC Harmony. O principal foco será nova linha PIC32CX é voltada para aplicações de conectividade e segurança. Apresentando como implementar uma comunicação Ethernet TCP com segurança.
Um grande desafio no desenvolvimento de sistema Linux embarcado é garantir a reprodutibilidade do trabalho. Um sistema Linux possui milhares de opções de customização e, somado a isso, cada fabricante e chip possui suas especificações.
Foi para resolver esses e outros problemas que o Yocto Project foi criado pela The Linux Foundation.
Nesse webinar vamos abordar o uso do Yocto Projeto no dia a dia, os conceitos básicos de sua arquitetura e em quais tipos de aplicações onde seu uso é mais indicado.
Para mais informações: https://embarcados.com.br/desvendando-o-yocto-project/
Webinar: Bancada de eletrônica profissionalEmbarcados
Durante o webinar, discutiremos a importância da escolha correta dos instrumentos e ferramentas para a bancada de um profissional de eletrônica e os cuidados necessários para melhor aproveitamento e manutenção desses instrumentos.
Apresentaremos os itens indispensáveis para ter em sua bancada de eletrônica profissional e os critérios para a escolha dos mesmos.
Não perca a oportunidade de conhecer equipamentos de qualidade com excelente custo/beneficio e entender por que é importante investir em equipamentos adequados, aprendendo como dimensionar os itens de acordo com suas necessidades.
Webinar: Como projetar sensores de baixo consumo utilizando microcontroladore...Embarcados
Participe do nosso Webinar e descubra como os Microcontroladores PIC e AVR podem simplificar projetos de sensores de baixa potência.
Durante a apresentação, abordaremos os periféricos analógicos integrados e as atualizações mais recentes desses dispositivos, além de como eles interagem com um sistema maior. Também destacaremos os recursos de baixo consumo de energia presentes nos dispositivos PIC e AVR mais recentes.
Para facilitar o desenvolvimento com esses microcontroladores, mostraremos exemplos práticos de placas de demonstração e ferramentas disponíveis no mercado.
Se você quer aprender a desenvolver projetos de sensores de baixa potência com Microchip, este é o webinar certo para você! Inscreva-se agora mesmo e participe dessa oportunidade única de ampliar seus conhecimentos aprendendo com um especialista da Microchip. Venha tirar suas dúvidas ao vivo no webinar.
O que você aprenderá nesse webinar:
Microcontroladores de 8 bits da Microchip? PIC e AVR
Periféricos analógicos integrados e atualizações recentes
Como esses dispositivos interagem com um sistema maior
Recursos de baixo consumo de energia em dispositivos PIC e AVR recentes
Placas de demonstração
Ferramentas
Como podemos começar a desenvolver com Microchip?
Webinar: Desvendando o seguidor de linha: sensores, montagem e programação co...Embarcados
Neste webinar, discutiremos as etapas envolvidas na construção de um robô seguidor de linha. Exploraremos os principais sensores utilizados em robôs seguidores de linha, como o sensor infravermelho e o sensor de reflexão, e como eles são usados para detectar e seguir uma linha, incluindo um teste comparativo entre eles para a utilização do PID. Também abordaremos os materiais necessários para a construção do robô, incluindo a placa PCB e a impressão 3D, e como eles são usados para construir um robô preciso e robusto.
Além disso, iremos explorar as diversas ferramentas e técnicas disponíveis para simplificar o trabalho colaborativo em projetos de robótica, incluindo o uso de plataformas de compartilhamento de código e documentação.
O que você aprenderá neste webinar
Você aprenderá sobre as etapas para construção de um robô seguidor de linha, os principais sensores, materiais e técnicas utilizados. Também conhecerá ferramentas de trabalho colaborativo em projetos de robótica.
Apresentação
Diogo Lacerda
Técnico em Mecatrônica e graduando de Física de Materiais pela Universidade de Pernambuco. Começou a carreira profissional como professor de robótica e depois migrou para o ramo de sistema embarcados. Atualmente trabalha no CESAR com modelagem e impressão 3D, utilizando a manufatura aditiva como ferramenta para desenvolver protótipos para circuitos eletrônicos e mecanismos de forma mais barata e rápida. Fez parte da equipe de robótica CESAR-Voxar Labs, que é bicampeão na categoria @home pela Competição Brasileira de Robótica (CBR). Faz parte da rede colaborativa http://robolivre.com/ desde 2012, onde ministra oficinas e palestras sobre robótica e Arduino.
Webinar Gravado: Um Estudo sobre a I2C e o Futuro com a I3CEmbarcados
Para saber mais e assistir ao video, acesse: https://embarcados.com.br/webinar-um-estudo-sobre-a-i2c-e-o-futuro-com-a-i3c/
Durante o webinar, você aprenderá sobre as características e o funcionamento básico da I2C, suas aplicações e os desafios enfrentados ao projetar com essa interface. Além disso, você conhecerá as inovações e melhorias trazidas pela I3C e aprenderá como interoperar com a I2C.
Será feita também uma comparação entre os padrões e suas implementações físicas e lógicas, o que ajudará a entender melhor as diferenças e vantagens de cada um deles.
Não perca a oportunidade de aprimorar seus conhecimentos sobre a I2C e a I3C. Inscreva-se agora mesmo no nosso webinar e saiba tudo sobre essa interface e seu futuro!
Apresentação
Huéliquis Fernandes - Business Development Manager
Huéliquis é um experiente profissional da indústria de semicondutores. Nos últimos 25 anos trabalhou para a Future Electronics, Motorola/Freescale, ST Microelectronics e Renesas.
Yoshinori Kanno - Field Application Engineer
Yoshinori é formado em Engenharia Eletrônica e possui mestrado em Processamento Digital de Sinais. Nos últimos 20 anos, ele trabalhou na Philips/NXP e em distribuidores globais.
Matthew Sauceda - Sr. Principal Applications Engineer - Nexperia
Matthew Sauceda is a Sr Principal Applications Engineer for Nexperia. He holds a M.S in Electrical Engineering specializing in Analog and Mixed Signal VLSI design. His work experience includes 10+ years in semiconductor field through work as application/system/ hardware design in Texas Instruments, and Advanced Micro Devices. In his spare time he enjoys hobbies such as fishing, traveling, and woodworking.
Descrição do Webinar
Nesse webinar você conhecera as soluções da Infineon e a família de Microcontroladores Traveo T2G. Iremos abordar quais os pontos diferenciais nessa linha de Microcontroladores ARM Cortex M4 e M7 e quais itens a Infineon pode lhe oferecer para facilitar o desenvolvimento. Iremos apresentar o ecossistema de parceiros, ferramentas de desenvolvimento e aplicações foco da linha Traveo T2G e demonstrar o porquê ele tem sido o líder em aplicações automotivas e industriais, quando são necessários requisitos de low power, conectividade e segurança para Over-the-Air (OTA).
O que você aprenderá nesse webinar:
Após esse webinar você entendera quais os requisitos básicos e diferenciais da família de Microcontroladores Traveo T2G. Também conhecera o ecossistema e como começar a desenvolver seus projetos utilizando a família Traveo T2G, desenvolvida para sistemas automotivos e industriais que requerem desempenho, low power, conectividade e segurança com suporte técnico e vendas no Brasil.
Webinar: Introdução à Reconfiguração dinâmica parcial em FPGAsEmbarcados
Nesse webinar foi apresentado sobre reconfiguração dinâmica parcial em FPGAs Xilinx! Regina abordou sobre os conceitos e termos básicos dessa tecnologia, seu fluxo de implementação, prós e contras, aspectos relevantes e aplicações.
Webinar: Microprocessadores 32 bits, suas principais aplicações no mercado br...Embarcados
Junte-se a nós para saber mais sobre as soluções de microprocessador (MPU) da Microchip e como o System in Package (SiP) e o System on Modules (SoM) podem simplificar drasticamente o projeto da sua PCB e reduzir o tempo de lançamento no mercado. Os produtos System in Package (SiP) com DRAM integrada simplificam o projeto de PCB, melhoram a robustez geral de EMI do seu sistema, removem o problema de fornecimento de DRAM e problemas de software e podem, em última análise, reduzir os custos gerais do sistema abrindo a porta para projeto de PCB de 4 camada para sua aplicação. As soluções SOM da Microchip fornecem uma plataforma de hardware qualificada projetada para longa vida útil e ajudam você a acelerar suas primeiras construções de produção com os SOMs e otimizar o custo de BOM, passando posteriormente para soluções chip-down em volumes maiores usando os arquivos de design e suporte fornecidos pela Microchip. Você também aprenderá sobre a estratégia principal do Linux da Microchip com suporte de longo prazo e um caminho fácil para uma solução gráfica de baixo custo. Os MPUs Microchip são adequados para uma variedade de aplicações, incluindo aquelas nos setores de consumo, automotivo, industrial e médico.
Neste Webinar apresentaremos as principais soluções em Timming devices (Ressonadores e Cristas) Murata, suas tecnologias, materiais utilizados, aplicações, como identificar possíveis falhas e como utilizar ferramenta de seleção da Murata Simsurfing.
Tópicos do Webinar
Tecnologia Timing Devices
Ressonadores e Cristais
Vantagens dos Ressonadores Murata
Vantagens dos Cristais Murata
Como identificar possíveis falhas nos Ressonadores e Cristais.
Matching - como identificar melhor Cristal de acordo com microprocessador.
Ferramenta Murata Simsurfing
Aplicações
Webinar: Silicon Carbide (SiC): A tecnologia do futuro para projetos de potênciaEmbarcados
Descubra as vantagens de utilizar MosFETs e Gate Drivers com SiC.
O webinar abordará a tecnologia SiC, suas vantagens e aplicações no mercado brasileiro, com destaque para a relação entre SiC e carros elétricos. A Microchip oferece produtos relacionados à tecnologia SiC, como Mosfets, Gate Drivers, demoboards e reference designs. O webinar será uma ótima oportunidade para conhecer mais sobre essa tecnologia promissora e entender o que a Microchip tem a oferecer nesse segmento.
Webinar: Por que dominar sistema operacional Linux deveria ser a sua prioridade?Embarcados
O sistema operacional Linux tem sido cada vez mais utilizado em diferentes setores da indústria, especialmente na área de sistemas embarcados. Hoje o Linux embarcado é utilizado em dispositivos eletrônicos de diversas áreas, como automação industrial, automotiva, agrícola, medica, aeroespacial, de comunicação e de entretenimento.
Com a crescente demanda por profissionais qualificados em Linux Embarcado, é importante entender por que dominar esse sistema operacional deve ser sua prioridade como desenvolvedor de sistemas embarcados.
No webinar, discutiremos as principais razões pelas quais você deve investir em seu desenvolvimento em Linux e como isso pode abrir portas para novas oportunidades profissionais. Também serão abordados os principais recursos e funcionalidades do Linux, além de dicas práticas para aprimorar suas habilidades como desenvolvedor.
Webinar: Estratégias para comprar componentes eletrônicos em tempos de escassezEmbarcados
Neste webinar, abordaremos a situação atual do mercado mundial de componentes para auxiliar as empresas de manufatura na elaboração de estratégias eficientes para a programação de compras.
Forneceremos informações valiosas para profissionais que atuam em departamentos de produto, compras e suprimentos. Além disso, apresentaremos como utilizar sua lista de materiais para realizar compras consolidadas e programadas, bem como outras ferramentas úteis para o processo de aquisição de materiais e suprimentos.
Webinar: ChatGPT - A nova ferramenta de IA pode ameaçar ou turbinar a sua car...Embarcados
Ninguém esperava isso. Com diferentes níveis de espanto, admiração ou surpresa, as pessoas descobriram o chatGPT e sua utilidade. Seria algo tão novo assim, sem nenhum precedente? E, o mais importante, será o fim do trabalho dos programadores? O que isso pode significar para quem está hoje, na bancada? Este webinar explora o tema, tentando apontar e auxiliar os desenvolvedores a tomar as melhores decisões nesse novo cenário.
Objetivo do Webinar
Debater pontos positivos e importantes sobre estas novas tecnologias. Avaliar o risco que trazem e o benefício que geram. Abraçar uma novidade que aumenta a produtividade de forma significativa, sem preconceitos ou restrições sem fundamento sempre colocam os praticantes em vantagem competitiva.
Webinar: Power over Ethernet (PoE) e suas aplicações no mercado brasileiroEmbarcados
Neste webinar vamos explorar os seguintes temas:
O que é Power over Ethernet (PoE)
Por que os desenvolvedores devem selecionar os dispositivos do sistema Microchip PoE
Como o portfólio de dispositivos e sistemas PoE da Microchip garante que o cliente tenha a solução adequada para cada situação
Exemplos de onde a Microchip implantou com sucesso suas soluções PoE
O que considerar ao pensar no desenvolvimento do projeto do PoE
Webinar: Utilizando o Yocto Project para automatizar o desenvolvimento em Lin...Embarcados
Nesse webinar conheceremos o Yocto Project, um conjunto de ferramentas open-source que possuem o objetivo de facilitar o desenvolvimento de distribuições e sistemas Linux. Também vamos entender como utilizar a ferramenta pode auxiliar na automatização do desenvolvimento de sistemas Linux Embarcado.
https://embarcados.com.br/webinar-utilizando-o-yocto-project-para-automatizar-o-desenvolvimento-em-linux-embarcado/
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...ThomasParaiso2
End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid regressions. In this session, we share our journey building an E2E testing pipeline for GridMate components (LWC and Aura) using Cypress, JSForce, FakerJS…
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
2. 2
1939–1998: Hewlett-Packard years
A company founded on electronic measurement innovation
1999–2013: Agilent Technologies years
Spun off from HP, Agilent became the World’s Premier
Measurement Company. In September 2013, it announced the
spinoff of its electronic measurement business
2012, July: Acquisition of AT4
2014: Keysight begins operations
November 1, Keysight is an independent company
focused 100% on the electronic measurement
industry
We believe in “Firsts”
Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard’s original vision launched Silicon
Valley and shaped our passion for “firsts” 75 years ago. Today we
are committed to provide a new generation of “firsts” –
software-oriented solutions – that create value for our investors
and valued insights for our customers.
2
2015, Aug: Acquisition of Anite
2017, April: Acquisition of IXIA
2017, Sept: Acquisition of ScienLab
3. 3
•LTE did a great job with Voice, Data and enabled MTC
•5G NR will add capacity, users and new services
4. 4
I N T E R O P E R A B I L I T Y I S K E Y F O R G L O B A L D E P L O Y M E N T
KEYS 5G Solutions
Network Emulation
mmW and OTA
RFIC/RFFE
Channel Emulation
PHY Test Bed
Channel Sounding
Digital Interfaces
Drive Test
Network Load Test
Network Monitoring
KEYSIGHT IS PROVIDING WORKFLOW SOLUTIONS
WITH SCALABLE PLATFORMS
5. 5
K E Y S I G H T 5 G P U B L I C C O L L A B O R AT I O N S
9. 9
B R O A D R A N G E O F N E W S E R V I C E S A N D PA R A D I G M S
UR/LLeMBB
Mobile Broadband
Access
Massive
Machine Communication
Mission-Critical
Machine Communication
IoT
• all data, all the time
• 2 billion people on social media
• 30 billion ‘things’ connected
• low cost, low energy
• ultra high-reliability
• ultra-low latency
mMTC
Amazingly fast
Great service In a
crowd
Best experience
follows you
Real-time & reliable
communications
Ubiquitous things
communicating
courtesy of METIS: 2014
10. 10
• IMT 2020 are currently defining specs
• NAS / Layer 3 based on 4G but enhanced for control plane efficiency
• Lower layers / 5G-NR greatly enhanced for the required data rates, latency and efficiency
• Phase 1 – mid 2018
• Focus on Enhanced mobile broadband and some low latency aspects
• Minimised changes to architecture (LTE-EPC) – non-standalone operation initially
• 5G Radio Access Technology but for focus on sub-6 GHz channels
• Phase 2 – mid 2020
• Focus on massive Internet of Things and Ultra-Reliable, Low Latency Communications
• Novel layers and architecture to allow full 5G potential (Vehicular and multicast services)
• “mm-wave” 28, 37, 39 GHz channels and unlicensed spectrum
10
11. 11
LT E A D VA N C E D P R O E S TA B L I S H E D T H E F O U N D AT I O N O F 5 G
Rel. 10/11/12
3 DL, 2 UL CC,
MIMO
Massive MIMO
eLAA
MTC
256QAM, 32CC,
FD-MIMO, LAA, D2D
Rel. 13 Rel. 14
Cat-M
NB-IoT
MBB
C-V2X
Rel. 15 Rel. 16
C-V2X ULL C-V2X
URLLC
eMBB
NR based LAA+
mmWave
Beamforming
mMTC
2016 2017-2020 2020+
Voice
VoLTE, EVS
mTC Enhancements
12. 12
S O U R C E : 3 G P P
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Rel-15 Rel-16
Early Drop
Phase 2 Deployment
Early Phase 1 Deployment
Phase 1 Deployment
✓ Additional “Early Drop”
milestone (Dec ‘17)
added to support
emerging market needs
✓ Release 16 (aka Phase 2, by Dec ‘19)
✓ Release 15 (aka Phase 1, by June ‘18) will
aim at enabling a first phase of expected
deployment in 2020
13. 13
• Waveform; OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
• High Spectral efficiency
• DFT-OFDM for power limited scenarios (UL)
• Robustness against phase noise
• Lower transceiver complexity compared to other 5G NR candidates
• Numerology;
• Subcarrier Spacing (SCS)
• Cyclic prefix (i.e. Normal/Extended)
5 G N R
∆𝑓 = 2 𝜇 · 15 𝑘𝐻𝑧
µ Δf = 2µ·15 kHz Cyclic Prefix
0 15 kHz Normal
1 30 kHz Normal
2 60 kHz Normal, Extended
3 120 kHz Normal
4 240 kHz Normal
14. 14
• Each symbol length (including CP) of 15 kHz equals the sum of the corresponding 2µ symbols at Fs
• Other than the first OFMD symbol in every 0.5 ms, all symbols within 0.5 ms have the same length
OFDM Symbol 6
5 6 743210
5
3
5
4
5
5
5
2
5
1
5
0
4
9
4
8
OFDM Symbol 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
15 kHz
60 kHz
4096416 288
24 25 26 27
. . .
0 1 2 3
0.5 msec
5 6 743210
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
2
1
1
1
0
98120 kHz
4096544 288
10 2 3 12 13 1030 kHz
288 4096
288 4096320
352
OFDM Symbol 1 OFDM Symbol 0
15. 15
• Frame: 10 ms
• Subframe: Reference period of 1 ms
• Slot (slot based scheduling)
• 14 OFDM symbols, or 12 with extended CP
• One possible scheduling unit
• Slot aggregation allowed
• Slot length scales with the subcarrier spacing
• 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = Τ1 𝑚𝑠
2 𝜇
• Mini-Slot (non-slot based scheduling)
• 7, 4 or 2 OFDM symbols
• Minimum scheduling unit
5 G N R
1
120
kHz
SLOT
14 sym
250 µs
60
kHz
SLOT
14 symbols
500 µs
30
kHz
SLOT
14 symbols
1 ms
15
kHz
1 ms
SUBFRAME
SLOT
14s
125 µs
240
kHz
SLOT
14s
62.5µs
16. 16
WAV E F O R M , N U M E R O L O G Y & F R A M E S T R U C T U R E
• 14 symbols in a slot can be allocated to:
• All downlink (Slot Format 0)
• All uplink (Slot Format 1)
• Mixed downlink and uplink (Slot Format 2..61)
• Static, semi-static or dynamic
• “X” for flexible symbol
• Slot Format Indication (SFI) informs the UE about
allocation. It can be reported either through DCI or
RRC messages.
• Slot aggregation is supported
• Data transmission can be scheduled to span
one or multiple slots
DL
UL
DL only
UL only
DL
UL Control
DL Control
UL
Mixed UL-DL
17. 17
• Resource elements are grouped into Physical Resource Blocks (PRB)
• Each PRB consists of 12 subcarriers
WAV E F O R M , N U M E R O L O G Y & F R A M E S T R U C T U R E
µ Δf 𝑵 𝑹𝑩
𝒎𝒊𝒏,𝝁
𝑵 𝑹𝑩
𝒎𝒂𝒙,𝝁
0 15 kHz 20
(240 subcarriers)
275
(3300 subcarriers, 49.5 MHz)
1 30 kHz 20 275
(3300 subcarriers, 99 MHz)
2 60 kHz 20 275
(3300 subcarriers, 198 MHz)
3 120 kHz 20 275
(3300 subcarriers, 396 MHz)
4 240 kHz 20 138
18. 18
Sub-carriers(inthefrequencyband)
OFDM symbols (in time slot)
Resource block
5 G N R
Outdoor macro cell < 3 GHz
15 kHz spacing
50 MHz bandwidth
Outdoor small cell > 3 GHz
30 kHz spacing
100 MHz bandwidth
Indoor wideband cell 5 GHz (unlicensed)
60 kHz spacing
200 MHz bandwidth
mm-wave very small cell 28 GHz
120 kHz spacing
400 MHz bandwidth ---------------------------------------- >
19. 19
12Sub-carriers
(15kHzspacing)
14 OFDM symbols in 1ms slot
5 G N R
15kHz sub-carriers for < 3GHz operation
12Sub-carriers(120kHzspacing)
14 OFDM symbols
in 125μs slot
Resourceblock
120kHz sub-carriers for 28GHz operation
Frequency spacing x 8, timeslot duration / 8
Resourceblock
Resourceblock
Resourceblock
Resourceblock
Resource block
22. 22
P H Y S I C A L C H A N N E L S A N D S I G N A L S
NR Channels/Signals
Description LTE Equivalent
Uplink
PUSCH
PUSCH-DMRS, PUSCH-PTRS Physical Uplink Shared Channel
PUSCH
PUSCH-DMRS
PUCCH
PUCCH-DMRS Physical Uplink Control Channel PUCCH
PRACH Physical Random Access Channel PRACH
SRS Sounding Reference Signal SRS
Downlink
PDSCH
PDSCH-DMRS, PDSCH-PTRS Physical Downlink Shared Channel
PDSCH
PDSCH-DMRS
PBCH
PBCH-DMRS Physical Broadcast Channel PBCH
PDCCH
PDCCH-DMRS Physical Downlink Control Channel
PDCCH, EPDCCH
EPDCCH-DMRS
CSI-RS Channel-State Information Reference Signal CSI-RS
PSS Primary Synchronization Signal PSS
SSS Secondary Synchronization Signal SSS
Purple = New NR channels/signals vs. LTE
Note: LTE only channels such as PCFICH, PHICH, C-RS, etc…are not shown
23. 23
D O W N L I N K A N D U P L I N K C H A N N E L S
Scrambling Modulation Mapper
Layer Mapper
Resource Element
Mapper
OFDM Signal
Generation
Scrambling Modulation Mapper
Resource Element
Mapper
OFDM Signal
Generation
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
codewords
layers
antennaports
DMRS
Up to two codewords:
1 to 4-layer tx: 1 codeword
5 to 8-layer tx: 2 codewords
QPSK, 16QAM,
64QAM and 256QAM
Up to 8 layers
Mapped to ports
𝑝 ∈{1000,..,1011}
Codewords from
channel encoder
Mapped to time/
frequency resources
24. 24
D O W N L I N K A N D U P L I N K C H A N N E L S
Scram bling
Modulation
Mapper
Layer
Mapper
Resource Elem ent
Mapper
OFDM Signal
Generation
Scram bling
Modulation
Mapper
Resource Elem ent
Mapper
OFDM Signal
Generation
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
codewords
layers
DMRS
Precoding
.
.
.
antennaports
CP-OFDM
Scrambling
Modulation
Mapper
Layer
Mapper
Resource Element
Mapper
OFDM Signal
Generation
Resource Element
Mapper
OFDM Signal
Generation
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
codeword
layers
DMRS
Precoding
.
.
.
antennaports
Transform
Precoding
Transform
Precoding
.
.
.
DFT-s-OFDM
QPSK, 16QAM,
64QAM and 256QAM
π/2-BPSK, QPSK,
16QAM, 64QAM and
256QAM
Up to 8 layers Mapped to ports
𝑝 ∈{1000,..,1011}
Precoding (selected
by the network)
Up to two codewords:
1 to 4-layer tx: 1 codeword
5 to 8-layer tx: 2 codewords
DFT precoding
Mapped to ports
𝑝 ∈{1000,..,1011}
Mapped to time/
frequency resources
Codewords from
channel encoder
Mapped to time/
frequency resources
25. 25
−Initial access is composed of the following physical channels and signals:
• Downlink (SS/PBCH Block)
– Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS)
– Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS)
– Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)
• Uplink
– Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
−PSS, SSS and PBCH are the only always-on signals in 5G NR
• Even they can be turned off by the network
I N I T I A L A C C E S S
26. 26
Synchronization Signals
System Information
Basic information for all UEs
Beam-sweeping
transmission
Beam-sweeping
transmission
Random Access Channel Single-beam or
Beam-sweeping
Beam-sweeping
reception
Random Access Response & System
Information
Required only for UEs after random access
UE-specific
selected beam
Data and control channelsUE-specific
beamforming
TRxP Device
28. 28
I N I T I A L A C C E S S A N D B E A M M A N A G E M E N T
TRxP
DL
SS Block 1
DL
SS Block 2
DL
SS Block 3
DL
SS Block 4
UE
X P
UL 1 UL 2 UL 3 UL 4
P
Rx PSS, SSS and PBCH PRACH Transmission
Same Tx beam
direction as in
the DL Tx
beam
Mapping between DL SS Blocks and corresponding UL resources for
PRACH
...
29. 29
• Remaining Minimum System Information
• Minimum system information is carried onto PBCH
• The rest of the Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI) is carried onto PDSCH
• The numerology used for RMSI is indicated in PBCH payload
• < 6 GHz: 15 or 30 kHz (60 kHz cannot be used because it is optional for the UEs)
• > 6 GHz: 60 or 120 kHz
• A CORESET is dedicated for RMSI scheduling
• Not necessarily confined within PBCH bandwidth
• There is an RMSI PDCCH monitoring window associated with an SS/PBCH block, which recurs periodically.
• Other System Information
• On-Demand system information delivery
• Carried on PDSCH using the same numerology as the RMSI
I N I T I A L A C C E S S A N D B E A M M A N A G E M E N T
2
30. 30
I N I T I A L A C C E S S A N D B E A M M A N A G E M E N T
3
Tx
PRACH
(Msg 1)
Rx
PDCCH/
PDSCH
(Msg 2)
Tx
PUCCH/
PUSCH
(Msg 3)
Rx
PDCCH/
PDSCH
(Msg 4)
Tx
PUCCH/
PUSCH
(Msg 3)
Rx
PDCCH/
PDSCH
(Msg 4)
RAR window
(≤ TRAR)
Successful Msg 1 & Msg 2 transmission and reception
T1 T2 T3
T’3
T’4
31. 31
Message Subcarrier Spacing Beam
Message 1
UE -> gNB
• Indicated in the RACH
configuration
• Beam for preamble transmission is selected by the
UE
• UE uses the same beam during a RACH
transmission occasion
Message 2
gNB -> UE
• The same as the numerology of
RMSI
• Obtained based on the detected RACH
preamble/resource and the corresponding
association
Message 3
UE -> gNB
• Indicated in the RACH
configuration separately from
subcarrier spacing for message
1
• Determined by UE (same as message 1)
Message 4
gNB -> UE
• The same as message 2
• No beam reporting in message 3: Same as
message 2
• Beam reporting in message 3: FFS
I N I T I A L A C C E S S A N D B E A M M A N A G E M E N T
3
32. 32
5 G N R SS Block
-1 symbol PSS
-1 symbol SSS
-2 symbols PBCH
SS Burst
-Multiple SS Blocks
-Transmission is periodic (20 ms by default)
-Confined within a 5 ms window
SS Burst
SS Block Periodicity (20 ms)
SSBlock
SSBlock
SSBlock
SSBlock
...
SSBlock
SSBlock
SSBlock
SSBlock
... SSBlock
SSBlock
SSBlock
SSBlock
...
SSBlock
SSBlock
SSBlock
SSBlock
...
5 ms window
(half-frame)
. . .
SS Burst
Maximum number of SS Block locations (L) within SS Burst:
• Up to 3 GHz: L = 4
• From 3 GHz to 6 GHz: L = 8
• From 6 GHz to 52.6 GHz: L = 64
33. 33
I N I T I A L A C C E S S
PBCH
PBCH
PSS
SSS
127 subcarriers
144 subcarriers (i.e. 12 PRBs)
240 subcarriers (i.e. 20 PRBs)
48 subcarriers
(i.e. 4 PRBs)
48 subcarriers
(i.e. 4 PRBs)
4OFDMSymbols
PBCH PBCH
34. 34
B A N D W I D T H PA R T S
• A bandwidth part (BWP) consists of a group of contiguous PRBs
• The bandwidth size ranges from the SS block bandwidth to the maximal bandwidth capability
supported by a UE in a component carrier
• The bandwidth part may or may not contain SS block
• Reserved resources can be configured within the bandwidth part
• An initial BWP is signaled by PBCH
• It contains CORESET and PDSCH for Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI)
• Minimum system information is carried onto PBCH. The rest of the RMSI is carried onto PDSCH
35. 35
B A N D W I D T H PA R T S
−One or multiple bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be
semi-statically signaled to a UE
• Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time instant
−Configuration parameters include:
• Numerology: CP type, subcarrier spacing
• Frequency location: the offset between BWP and a reference point is implicitly or explicitly
indicated to UE based on common PRB index for a give numerology
• Bandwidth size: in terms of PRBs
• CORESET: required for each BWP configuration in case of single active DL bandwidth part
for a given time instant
37. 37
LTE New Radio (Based on 3GPP Rel. 15)
Frequency band Sub-6 GHz Sub-6 GHz, mmWave (up to 52.6 GHz)
Maximum Bandwidth (per CC) 20 MHz
50 MHz (@ 15 kHz), 100 MHz (@ 30 kHz),
200 MHz (@ 60 kHz), 400 MHz (@120 kHz)
Maximum CCs
5 (Rel.10) / 32 (Rel.12). Current
implementation is 5.
16 (allowed BW and CCs combinations TBD)
Subcarrier Spacing 15 kHz 2n · 15 kHz TDM and FDM multiplexing
Waveform CP-OFDM for DL; SC-FDMA for UL CP-OFDM for DL; CP-OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM for UL
Modulation
Up to 256 QAM DL (moving to 1024 QAM);
Up to 64 QAM UL
Up to 256 QAM UL & DL
Maximum Number of Subcarriers 1200 3300
Slot Length 7 symbols in 500 µs
14 symbols (duration depends on subcarrier spacing)
2, 4 and 7 symbols for mini-slots
Channel Coding Turbo Code (data); TBCC (control) LDPC (data); Polar Codes (control)
Initial Access No beamforming Beamforming
MIMO Up to 8x8 Up to 8x8 *
Reference signals UE Specific DMRS and Cell Specific RS Front-loaded DMRS (UE-specific)
Duplexing FDD, Static TDD FDD, Static TDD, Dynamic TDD
38. 38
3GPP NR
FR1 – Frequency Range 1 FR2 – Frequency Range 2
Spec 5G NR NSA and SA 5G NR NSA
Frequency
450Mz ~ 6000 MHz
e.g. 3.4 – 3.7GHz, 4.4 – 4.9GHz
24520MHz ~ 52600 MHz
e.g. 39GHz (3GHz of spectrum), 28GHz (800MHz band)
Bandwidth (cc) Up to 100MHz Up to 400MHz
Maximum CCs 1cc Up to 8cc
DL MIMO 4x4 2x2
DL peak Throughput 2Gbps (1cc of 4x4) 5Gbps (8cc of 2x2)
Numerology
(subcarrier spacing)
2n · 15 kHz n = {-2, 0, 1, …, 5}
30 kHz (n=1, 2x LTE)
2n · 15 kHz n = {-2, 0, 1, …, 5}; 60kHz (n=2, optional, 4x LTE)
120kHz (n=3, 8x LTE), 240kHz (n=4, 16x LTE)
Waveform DL: OFDM / UL: SC-FDMA CP-OFDM for DL and UL
Subcarriers 3300 3300
Subframe length 500µs 125 µs for 120kHz
Slot length 7 symbols / 250µs 7 symbols / 62.5 µs
S I N G L E S P E C I F I C AT I O N C O V E R I N G S U B - 6 G H Z A N D M I L L I M E T E R WAV E
39. 39
• 5G NR standard is extremely complex and designed to address many use cases
• Leading to an explosion of test scenarios
• QUIZ: 5G terms your customers are using
P H Y S I C A L ( P H Y ) L AY E R C O M P L E X I T Y
gNB FR1, FR2 Numerology SSB BWP Transform Precoding
Next generation
nodeB
Frequency range
5G base station
FR1 450MHz – 6GHz
FR2 24.25 – 52.6GHz
Subcarrier spacing
(SCS)
Sync signal block Bandwidth part
Uplink can use transform
precoding for lower PAPR,
or CP-OFDM waveform
like DL
DFT-s-OFDM waveform
40. 40
• High frequency, very wide bandwidth
• More trials at 28 GHz & 39 GHz, more test cases for future mmWave
• Many 5G trials are committed with LTE co-existence in Sub-6 GHz, heavily rely on LTE networks to
maximize the coverage
• Phased array antennas will be integrated into transceivers, removing cable access for testing
• Many elements to test
• Testing will be almost exclusively over-the-air (OTA)
T E S T C O N F I G U R AT I O N C O M P L E X I T Y
41. 41
Simplify NR Analysis with One-Button
Measurements
In-Depth Modulation AnalysisMost Flexible Signal Creation Tool
A D D R E S S I N G 5 G P H Y T X A N D R X T E S T N E E D S T O D AY & T O M O R R O W
N 9 0 8 5 E M 0 E 5 G N R
M E A S U R E M E N T A P P L I C AT I O N
8 9 6 0 0 5 G N R M O D U L AT I O N
A N A L Y S I S ( O P T I O N B H N )
N 7 6 3 1 C S I G N A L S T U D I O P R O
F O R 5 G N R
PXI VSG/
VXT
MXG/EXG
M8190/PSG
UXA N9040/41B
PXA N9030B
MXA N9020B
M9421A VXT
w/B1X (July ‘18)
M9393A
M9391A
Connect with >45
Keysight instruments &
simulation software
42. 42
E N D T O E N D P O R T F O L I O
Protocol
Conformance
Carrier
Acceptance
Functional
KPI
RF/ RRM
Conformance
RF DVT*
Protocol
R&D*
5G Device Acceptance
Network Emulator
E7515B UXM5G
mmWave OTA SolutionsChannel Emulator
Propsim
Interactive 5G stack
and tools with common
scripting engine
Common measurement science,
logging
and automation
5G Interactive R&D
*available
43. 43
- Displays all layers of the protocol
stack (PHY/MAC/RLC/RRC/PDCP)
- Filtering allows the user to view the
data of interest
- Advanced search facilities and
bookmarks make debugging easier
- User friendly as all information
needed is available in one view
5 G P R O T O C O L R & D T O O L S E T
44. 44
In general, OTA Testing is the characterization, evaluation and
verification of device performance using radiated measurements
instead of (or combined with) conducted/cabled measurements.
OTA Testing may be required at every stage throughout the
product development Lifecycle:
‒ Development (R&D)
‒ Device verification and test (DVT)
‒ Base Station Integration and verification (I&V)
‒ Conformance test
‒ Manufacturing test
‒ Installation and maintenance (I&M)
45. 45
Source:
Smaller wavelengths enable
integrated RFIC Architecture
• Improves overall system performance at high
frequencies
Beam forming and beam
steering
• Improves signal strength over isotropic
radiator thus helping link budget
46. 46
T H E C A B L E I S G O N E I N 5 G M M W
Functional
Performance
Modem Test,
Full Stack Testing,
Data Throughput,
Handover
Is my chipset working?
RF
Parametric
EVM, ACLR
PER, Emissions
Is my RF working?
Antenna &
Conformance
OTA
Antenna Parameters
TRP, TIS
How good is my
antenna?
MIMO OTA
Throughput, Virtual
Drive Test,
How good is my
device?
Cable OTAOTA
47. 47
H O W L A R G E S H O U L D T H E C H A M B E R S B E ?
D(cm) Frequency
(GHz)
Near/far
boundary
2D2/λ (mm)
Path Loss
(dB)
5 28 480 55
10 28 1880 66.9
15 28 4200 73.8
20 28 7480 78.9
25 28 11680 82.7
30 28 16800 85.9
D depends on the antenna type and device
dimension
Far field measurements with these DUTs can be
very impractical.
Is far field the only way to measure? Can we
measure another way.
48. 48
Compact Antenna Test Ranges (CATRs)
✓ Smaller footprint than Far-Field
✓ Lower path loss
✓ Antenna Beam pattern
characterization
✓ EIRP/TRP and EIS measurements
✓ Beamforming/Beamsteering Validation
✓ RF Parametric Tests
✓ Reasonable speed of test
× Large chambers can be very
expensive (construction/installation)
× Can’t fit blocking sources
49. 49
49
• In a CATR system, a diverging beam from the probe
antenna illuminates the parabolic reflector from the focal
point.
• The reflector collimates the beam and directs it to the
DUT.
• The collimated beam has a nearly uniform amplitude and
phase across its extent; it provides a nominally ideal
plane-wave illumination to the DUT.
• The reflector allows the DUT to be tested under far-field
plane wave conditions at a shorter distance than Τ2𝐷2 𝜆
(the far field distance), resulting in a system with
potentially a much smaller footprint and lower path loss
than the equivalent direct far-field method.
Quiet ZoneProbe Feed
Reflector
Simulation of signal transmitted
from Probe Feed, showing parallel
phase fronts in Quiet Zone
CATRs are reciprocal so that a beam
transmitted from the DUT in the Quiet
Zone is focused back to the probe feed.
50. 50
S O L U T I O N S O P T I M I Z E D F O R T H E W O R K F L O W
Rack Mount
Cable Replacement Chamber
• Protocol Signalling Tests
• Demod Tests
• Array Calibration
• UE CAL
• Functional Tests
Light weight, Cable replacement
Candidate in RAN5 for protocol signaling
Modem
• IFF
• RF Parameterics
• Antenna Tests
• TRP/TIS
• Single AoA
• Throughput tests
(Clean Channel)
CATR
Black-box testing - 3GPP
Approved Solution for RF Test
Modem
3D MPAC
Modem
Testing with 38.901 models and
field derived models
• Throughput test
• HO Performance
• Beam management
• NV-IOT
Simplified version of SS-MPAC for
RRM / Performance
51. 51
• Keysight
• 5G New Radio (NR) Physical Layer Review – 90-min webcast
• External Sources
• 3GPP Webpage (www.3gpp.org)
• 3GPP RAN1 Documents (www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_ran/WG1_RL1)
L E A R N I N G 5 G N R T E C H N O L O G Y ?
53. 53
F I E L D U P G R A D E A B L E , S O F T WA R E E N A B L E D
Cable and antenna analysis Vector network analysis DC source & current monitor
Time domain
Spectrum analysis
Vector voltmeterInterference analysis Full-band tracking generator Channel power measurement
Built-in power meter
Channel scanner Analog demodulation Real-time Spectrum Analysis 89600 VSA Connection I/Q Analysis
NEW! NEW! NEW!
FieldFox: Carry Precision with You
Portable
Integrated
Rugged
Configurable Upgradeable
55. 55
Trigger in Trigger out
Trigger out Trigger in
Transmitter receiver
Ethernet cable
• Master / slave architecture
• Trigger in /out keep both box in sync
• Master provide test configuration, data
transfer and final measurement
presentation
• Each box can be locked with GPS timing
to get better dynamic range and stability.
• Test / jumper cable loss can be measured
using VNA and recalled as cable loss in
ERTA mode
Extended Range Transmission Analysis Measurement setup
Radio
Link
60. 60
V2V, V2I, V2P, V2N …
Technology to enhance driving
experience, prevent accidents and
collisions, assist traffic flow, enable
higher levels of automated driving.
2 wireless technologies are
currently being proposed -
DSRC (based on IEEE 802.11p)
C-V2X (based on 3GPP Rel-14 LTE-A Pro)
V2X
Secure V2X considered necessary for L3/L4 ADAS
The biggest topic of autonomous driving lately is
Connecting the car with Infrastructure.
61. 61
DSRC (802.11p)
- Specs available since 2010 (discussions
on ITS >13 years ago!)
- Proto devices being produced today
- Well tested, many trials, Eu/US/Ja support
- Concerns include infrastructure costs and
lack of features to support new Use Cases
2010 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
LTE V2X (3GPP Rel 14)
- Specs available only since March 2017
- Main advantage:can reuse existing
infrastructure to cover V2I/V2N
- V2V building on D2D (R12)
- Designed to be handle newer Use Cases
- Concerns over latency and lack of trials,
congestion control
LTE V2X Rel-15+
- Next generation cellular technology
- Eventually will augment LTE V2X
- Backwards compatible
- Major priority is eMBB though (IoT
and Automotive will be delayed)
V2X discussed for over 15 years already
United States
- NHTSA NPRM mandating V2V
- All new cars with DSRC by 2024
Basic Safety ‘Enhanced Safety’ ‘Advanced Safety’
First pilots and trials
(C-V2X)
- Europe, China
62. 62
M A R K E T T R E N D S A N D C H A L L E N G E S
• Top 3 market trends/drivers
• V2X close to mandatory deployment order in US
• DSRC/WAVE/802.11p incumbent & ready standard
• Cellular V2X being counter-proposed by Wireless heavyweights Qualcomm &
Huawei, but standard not fully ready or a match to all Use Case requirements
• List top market challenges
• Roll-out of DSRC RSU infrastructure for V2I use cases
• Design/development of OBUs and RSUs conforming to 802.11p + relevant higher
layer protocols in each region
• Safety, Mobility and Environment
Photo Source : US DOT
Forward Collision
Warning
Motorist Advisories
and Warnings
Red Light Violation
Warning
Connection
Protection
Eco-Traffic
Signal Timing
63. 63
D S R C ( 8 0 2 . 11 P ) V S . C - V 2 X ( LT E - V )
• 802.11p:
• Based on 802.11a: robust performance for short packets.
• Products ready with actual deployments, extensive interop tests and field trials.
• Adopted or being considered by some regions.
• Cellular-V2X (C-V2X):
• Reusing LTE UL frame structure (Rel 14): require tight frequency and timing synchronizations
• Longer symbol and GI durations
• Leveraging more recent PHY technologies: e.g. more advanced coding.
• Improved air interface : Uplink: SC-FDM. Downlink: OFDM
• Multi-antenna technology : Diversity, MIMO, Beam-forming
• High spectrum flexibility : Flexible BW, FDD and TDD, new and existing bands
• Still on going extensive field trials/testing.(more and more coming)
• Evolution Path
64. 64
• Compact PXIe hardware
• Keysight VXT : RF measurements + GPS source
• DSRC Transceiver Module
• CoC Test Cases require only 1 module
• add modules for multiple simultaneous RF channels
• Keysight PXIe Frame, Controller, Freq Ref
802.11p, IEEE1609.3,4, 2 Tests Cases supported: J2945/1 Tests in progress
– Software
• Certification Test Cases in Keysight Test
Automation Platform
- Test Case construction
- Test Case sequencing
- Pass/Fail
- GUI
- Controls Wave Channel Module & VXT
• Single platform to be expanded for future
V2X test needs
– Hardware & Software options for
• full CoC
• RF only
• Protocol only
68. 68
T H I R D P H A S E O F T H E I N T E R N E T R E V O L U T I O N
Fixed Internet
+1 Billion
Mobile Internet
+2 Billion
Internet of Things
+50 Billion
1990 2000 2010-2020
71. 71
L O W P O W E R W I D E A R E A N E T W O R K S
72. 72
Range
Data rate & power consumption
ZigBee
BT LE
WiFi LTE
LPWAN
Test Objectives
• RF regulatory compliance e.g. FCC Part 15.247
• RF range, interference immunity & power efficiency
• Software stability & power efficiency
Narrow band + Robust modulation
• 20dB better link budget than cellular
• 10 year battery life, Very low data rates
74. 74
( R E G I O N A L B A N D A D D I T I O N S A N D VA R I AT I O N S A L S O E X I S T )
802.15.4g
ZigBee ZigBeeNAN Telensa SIGFOXWMRNET-IVWiSUN
SIGFOX CustomTelensa
802.15.4e
802.15.4
802.15.4
2003/6
ZigBee
Custom
6LoWPAN
UDP
CoAP/
MQTT/
DTLS
WMRNET
LoRa
Z-Wave
Z-Wave
LPWALow Power Mesh WFAN/NAN
WM-Bus
Wireless
M-Bus
LoRa
LoRa
China
AMR
~868MHz
~915MHz
~920MHz
~779MHz
~470MHz
~433MHz
~169MHz
EU
US/Australia
Japan
China
China
WW
EU
78. 78
78
Unlicensed niche rollouts
Funded multi-country multi-application rollouts
Significant US, UK and Asia streetlight rollouts
US potential TBC
Others
OnRamp (re-branded as InGenu)
• Link Budget: 172 dB RPMA (aka D-DSSS) (BPSK, OQPSK, FSK, GFSK, P-FSK, P-
GFSK) (2.4GHz)
• Standardized as IEEE 802.15.4k
• GE sponsored, US-wide deployment planned
Telensa
• Link Budget: ~~160 dB (“UNB”, FSK,) (868, 915, 470MHz)
• Single vendor equipment multi-vendor silicon (standard sub-GHz, using Silicon Labs but
TI have parts)
• UNB tech is a derivative of Plextek LoJack 2004 upgrade
• Plextek UK spinout, vertically integrated maker focussing on street lighting, diversifying
to parking sensors
• large deployments in UK (e.g. 30 base stations Birmingham, 125,000 street lights in
Essex), US (San Francisco), China, India, Moscow (parking sensors)
Keysight 89601B CW FM, LoRa CSS
low cost BS often
cellular backhaul
Sigfox
• Link budget: 156-160dB (“UNB”, GFSK (+/-7, 20, 50kHz), (D)BPSK) (868, 915MHz)
• Multi-vendor-silicon (Silicon Labs, TI, others, using standard sub-GHz silicon)
• France 1200 base stations, Spain 1300, Rollouts in Netherlands, UK (London,
Manchester, Edi), US (San Francisco 15 base stations, 4000 US-wide by end 2016)
• $1/year/device contract for 50k or more devices
LoRa
• Link budget: 156-157dB (Chirp Spread Spectrum or GFSK) (868, 915, 470, 433MMHz)
• Single vendor silicon (Semtech)
• IBM and Cisco sponsored
• Pilot rollouts France (Bouyguess, Orange, Wavebricks/Strataggem), Netherlands (KPN),
Switzerland (Swiscomm), Germany (Digimondo), Belgium (Proximus), South Africa
(FastNet), US (SeNet)
79. 79
I O T K E Y E N A B L I N G T E C H N O L O G I E S
• SIGFOX is a startup in France building a low cost
network dedicated for IoT (low throughput)
• Uses unlicensed spectrum – mostly sub-GHz
band and patented ultra narrow band (UNB)
communication
• Ultra low throughput - ~100 bps
• Device can send between 0 and 140
messages per day, each message is up to
12 bytes
• Up to 20 years of battery life
• Long range – up to 30 miles in rural area and
2-6 miles in urban area
• Devices require a SIGFOX modem to connect to
SIGFOX network
• Target applications: smart meter, pet tracking,
smoke detector, agriculture etc…
• Have networks deployed in France, Netherlands,
Russia and Spain; Launching 902 MHz network
in San Francisco
80. 80
• LoRa gateways are a bridge relaying messages between end-nodes and a
central network server
• End-nodes use single-hop wireless communication to one or more gateways
• Gateways are connected to the network server via standard IP connections such as 3G/4G
cellular network
• A LoRa gateway deployed on a building or tower can connect to sensors more than ten
miles away
82. 82
• Receiver Test
• Sensitivity test
• Transmitter Test
• General power measurements – Total Power, Spectrum, OBW
• More advanced required measurement under discussion, especially for R&D
• Keysight Test solutions
• Signal Generation for Receiver Test
• Signal analysis for Transmitter Test
• For both R&D and mfg
R E C E I V E R A N D T R A N S M I T T E R T E S T
83. 83
R E C E I V E R T E S T
• Platform Required
• Software: N7610 Signal Studio for IoT
• LoRa waveform generation with different configurations
• Pre-distortions: AWGN, Frequency error, Sampling clock error
• Hardware: Vector Generator(N5182B MXG), E6640A EXM Transceiver
• Interference test by two signal generators or combining signals at baseband waveforms
DUT
MXG or EXM
LoRa Signal
LoRa Rx Test
DUT Driver
• Mode setup
• PER calculation
N7610C Signal Studio for IoT
LAN
84. 84
N 7 6 1 0 C S I G N A L S T U D I O F O R I O T
85. 85
• Platform Required
• Software: AYA 89601/N9063A X-App for Analog Demod
• Hardware: X-series Signal Analyzer, e.g, N9020B MXA, E6640A EXM Transceiver
• Measurements
• General power measurements – Total Power, Spectrum, OBW
• FM Demod
T R A N S M I T T E R T E S T
DUT
SA or EXM
LoRa Signal
LoRa Tx Signal Analysis
93. 93
Industrial sensors/
gateways
Consumer devices
Medical devices
Challenges:
1. How to define the battery life?
2. What are the critical events that contribute to the
power consumption and how frequently do those
events happen?
3. What design changes or tradeoffs should I make to
optimize battery life?
94. 94
I N T E R M I T T E N T T R A N S I T I O N S B E T W E E N A C T I V E A N D S L E E P S TAT E S
i
t
Active state
Sleep
state
Deep-sleep
state
95. 95
• A precise current profile that shows the details of device operation can be used to improve device
operation and increase battery life.
Inrush or
spike current
H/W and S/W
operation
Sleep
current/power
consumption
Active current/power
consumption
Sleep-to-active
transition
control
Active-to-sleep
transition
control
96. 96
M E A S U R E M E N T S O L U T I O N R E Q U I R E M E N T S
Precise voltage waveform measurement synchronized
with dynamic current waveform data to check circuit
operation (i.e. inrush current vs. voltage drop)
Wide bandwidth to cap-
ture spikes & transients
✓ Sampling > 100 MSa/s
✓ Bandwidth > 10 MHz
Wide dynamic range to
measure both sleep currents
and active currents
✓ Measurement range from
A to 100 mA (or higher)
✓ Resolution 14 bit
Very low noise floor to
accurately capture sleep
currents
✓ Measurement noise < A
97. 97
• Highest bandwidth choice
• Show low-level current
waveforms that were previously
undetectable
• Up to 140MHz and 14/16 bits
resolution
• Patented seamless ranging
• Measure wide range of current
from nA to A in one pass
• Accurately emulate a battery
• Log data for seconds, hours or
days
N6705C and N6781A SMU module CX3300 Device current waveform analyzer
• Best for current profile
measurements of sub-circuit, IC
or power lines inside an IoT
device
• Wide bandwidth to characterize
in-rush current of IC
• Best for battery drain analysis
of IoT device
• Built-in power supply to
simulate battery and measure
battery current drain
100. 100
T U R N I N G O N A M O B I L E D E V I C E
101. 101
V I D E O + 3 G A N D A I R P L A N E M O D E
102. 102
K E Y S P E C I F I C AT I O N S
Shielding Box
DUT
BLE/WLAN Signaling
Measurement Suite +
KS8400A TAP Software
E36102A Power Supply (optional)
Key Specifications:
Output Power (Rx sensitivity measurements):
BLE Output: -40 to -90 dBm, 0.5dB step; accuracy ±2dB
WiFi Output: -33 to -73 dBm, 0.5dB step; accuracy ±2dB
RF Power measurement (Tx power measurements) :
Range: 0 to -30 dBm at RFIO port
Accuracy: ±2dB
Test Parameters 34972A+RF Module
(BLE/WLAN)
E36102A
(optional)
DC Test
• Power On/Off
• DC Power measurement
✓
✓
RF/Radio Test
• Radio Format BLE 4.2, WLAN 802.11b/g/n
• Tx RF Power ✓
• Rx PER Test ✓
• Rx Sensitivity Test ✓
103. 103
N6705B + N6781A (2 units)
Shielding Box
RF Cable
DC Cable
Digital Trigger
RF Event Detector
DUT
Companion
device
RF events
monitoring
Sourcing & current
measurements
TX RX
Synchronize and correlate current consumption with RF events.
Identify critical events that contribute to the most power consumption.
Add Ch3 and Ch4 for
additional event monitoring
(V or I channels)
IoT Device
Functional Tester
OR
104. 104
USB +5V
Antenna
U8202A
N6705C + N6781A*2
RF Event Detector
DUT
E X A M P L E C O N F I G U R AT I O N S F O R B L E D E V I C E
Laptop /PC
(Customer prepared)
LAN
14585A (N6705C opt 056)
Event-Based Power
Consumption analysis Suite
BLE IoT Device Functional Tester
SMA
Shield Box
BLE Signaling Measurement Suite
USB
• Tx Power
• PER
• Sensitivity
• Events + current
monitoring
• Advanced current
consumption over events
analysis & battery life
estimation
• Scope & Data Logging of
voltage & current
• Arbitrary waveforms
creation
105. 105
• Yellow: DUT Current
consumption
• Green: RF Transmissions
between DUT companion device
• BLUE: LED supply voltage
Waveform
Zoom &
Analysis
Events Tags
Event based analysis
(Max current, cycle time, charge energy, battery life,
occupied time, current consumption, and more)
Occupied Time by event
Current CCDF
S E N S O R TA G E V E N T M O N I T O R I N G
106. 106
uP Display
RF Radio
Sensor
Storage
Peripheral Drivers
Pump
Battery
pack
40%
20%3%
5%
10%
20%
2%
IoT Device Functional
Tester
Current
Time
Prepare
ResponseRequest
RF Burst (dBm)
DUT Tx
Sleep
Companion Device Tx
DUT Current Profile
Companion
device
OR
RF Event Detector
N6705C + N6781A*2
IoT Device/
DUT
107. 107
T H E C H A L L E N G E S F R O M R & D , M A N U FA C T U R I N G T O D E P L O Y M E N T
Energy Efficiency Multi-Technologies & Standards
Interference, Compliance, Regulatory test Signal and Power Integrity
NFC
WiFi
ZigBee
Bluetooth
4G/LTE/5G
LPWAN
IoT devices
IoT
device
Mobile
phone
AC wall
plug
AM
Radio
• Maximize battery run time
• Design trade off:
• Battery type & capacity
• Processing power
• Component size & quality
• Cost
• Firmware behaviour
• Reflections / crosstalk
• Impedance mismatch
• Excessive losses and noise
• Unwanted transients
• Voltage drops
• Overheating
• Jitter, clock and data error
• Radiated emission
• Radiated immunity
• Conducted emission
• Conducted immunity
• Spectrum regulatory
• Complex testing
• Fast evolving standards
• Device interoperability
• Inter and intra-device interference
• Wireless coexistence
108. 108
T H E C H A L L E N G E S F R O M R & D , M A N U FA C T U R I N G T O D E P L O Y M E N T
Energy Efficiency Multi-Technologies & Standards
Interference, Compliance, Regulatory test Signal and Power Integrity
109. 109
F O R I O T D E S I G N A N D T E S T
Design validation and manufacturing
▪ Broadest multi-format coverage for cellular and
wireless connectivity formats
Design simulation & verification
▪ EEsof EDA is the leading Electronic Design
Automation (EDA) and simulation software for
communications product designs
Battery and current drain characterization
▪ Accurate measurements across dynamic current levels with
Keysight’s patented “Seamless Current Measurement”
Functional and RF design validation
▪ Flexible multi-format base station emulation
and powerful RF measurements
Signal generation & analysis
▪ High and mid-performance instrumentation
and software to generate and analyze IoT
signals
http://best-practices.frost-multimedia-
wire.com/keysight-technologies
Frost & Sullivan awards Keysight
for IoT product portfolio