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![For internal use only
7 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
LTE Radio Interface and the X2 Interface
LTE-Uu interface
• Air interface of LTE
• Based on OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in
UL
• FDD and TDD duplex methods
• Scalable bandwidth 1.4MHz to currently
20 MHz
X2 interface
• Inter eNB interface
• X2AP: special signalling protocol
• Functionalities:
– For an inter- eNB HO to facilitate
handover and provide data forwarding.
– In RRM to provide e.g. load information
to neighbouring eNBs to facilitate
interference management
– Logical interface: It does not need direct
site-to-site connection, i.e. it can be
routed via core network as well
(E)-RRC(E)-RRC User PDUsUser PDUs User PDUsUser PDUs
PDCPPDCP
..
RLCRLC
MACMAC
LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA)LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA)
TS 36.300
eNB
LTE-Uu
eNB
X2
User PDUsUser PDUs
GTP-UGTP-U
UDPUDP
IPIP
L1/L2L1/L2
TS 36.424
X2-UP
(User Plane)X2-CP
(Control Plane)
X2-APX2-AP
SCTPSCTP
IPIP
L1/L2L1/L2TS 36.421
TS 36.422
TS 36.423
TS 36.421
TS 36.420
[currently also in TS 36.300 §20]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/01lteradioparameterslteoverviewrl1-180816044245/75/01-lte-radio_parameters_lte_overview_rl1-6-2048.jpg)
![For internal use only
8 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
S1-MME & S1-U Interfaces
S1-MME interface
• Control interface between eNB and
MME
• S1AP:S1 Application Protocol
• MME and UE will exchange non-
access stratum signaling via eNB
through this interface ( i.e.
authentication, tracking area updates)
S1-U interface
• User plane interface between eNB and
serving gateway
• Pure user data interface (U=User plane)
MME
Serving
Gateway
S1-MME
(Control Plane)
S1-U
(User Plane)
NAS ProtocolsNAS Protocols
S1-APS1-AP
SCTPSCTP
IPIP
L1/L2L1/L2
User PDUsUser PDUs
GTP-UGTP-U
UDPUDP
IPIP
L1/L2L1/L2
TS 36.411
TS 36.411
TS 36.412
TS 36.413
TS 36.414
TS 36.410
[currently in TS 36.300 §19]
eNB
S1 interface is divided into two parts:](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/01lteradioparameterslteoverviewrl1-180816044245/75/01-lte-radio_parameters_lte_overview_rl1-7-2048.jpg)
![For internal use only
9 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Physical Layer Technologies
Downlink: OFDM (Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplexing).
Uplink: SC-FDMA (Single-Carrier
Frequency Division Multiple Access).
Both FDD and TDD modes available.
Subcarrier spacing 15 kHz.
Scalable bandwidth.
Only FDD with 5, 10 and 20 MHz
Bandwidth supported in RL10
FDD Carrier
Bandwidth
[MHz]
Number of
Resource
Blocks
1.4 6
3 15
5 25
10 50
15 75
20 100](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/01lteradioparameterslteoverviewrl1-180816044245/75/01-lte-radio_parameters_lte_overview_rl1-8-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byMd.Akm Sahansha
01 lte radio_parameters_lte_overview_rl1
This document provides an overview of LTE functionalities and features. It begins with background on LTE development and standardization. It then describes the LTE network elements and interfaces, including the radio interface between UE and eNB. The document reviews the RRM framework and lists key RRM features, providing status updates on which features are ready in the current release or planned for future releases. It also includes roadmaps showing the planned features and timeline for LTE releases. The document appears to be an internal presentation on LTE technologies and the Nokia Siemens Networks product roadmap.
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01 lte radio_parameters_lte_overview_rl1
- 1. For internal useonly 1 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date LTE Functionalities and Features Overview LTEPAR Pilot Düsseldorf CW 22 2010 & Reviewed
- 2. For internal useonly 2 © Nokia Siemens Networks Nokia Siemens Networks Academy Legal notice Intellectual Property Rights All copyrights and intellectual property rights for Nokia Siemens Networks training documentation, product documentation and slide presentation material, all of which are forthwith known as Nokia Siemens Networks training material, are the exclusive property of Nokia Siemens Networks. Nokia Siemens Networks owns the rights to copying, modification, translation, adaptation or derivatives including any improvements or developments. Nokia Siemens Networks has the sole right to copy, distribute, amend, modify, develop, license, sublicense, sell, transfer and assign the Nokia Siemens Networks training material. Individuals can use the Nokia Siemens Networks training material for their own personal self-development only, those same individuals cannot subsequently pass on that same Intellectual Property to others without the prior written agreement of Nokia Siemens Networks. The Nokia Siemens Networks training material cannot be used outside of an agreed Nokia Siemens Networks training session for development of groups without the prior written agreement of Nokia Siemens Networks.
- 3. For internal useonly 4 © Nokia Siemens Networks Index •Long Term Evolution (LTE) Radio Network •RRM Framework •Features Overview Roadmap and list of RRM features – roadmap a bit out of date due to changes in May 2010, RRM features are commented whether still in RL10 or moved into next release. Presentation / Author / Date
- 4. For internal useonly 5 © Nokia Siemens Networks LTE in 3GPP Release 8 3GPP and Operator Requirements Packet Switched Domain Optimized RTT <10 ms Access Delay <300 ms Peak Rates UL/DL 50/100 Mbps Good Mobility and Security Improve Terminal Power Efficiency Frequency Allocation Flexibility with 1.4,3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz Allocations WCDMA evolution work to continue 3-4 times higher capacity expected than with Release 6 HSDPA/HSUPA reference case Study Phase 2004: 3GPP workshop on UTRAN Long Term Evolution 03/2005 Start of the study 12/2005 Multiple Access selected 03/2006 eNB/Core functional split selected 09/2006 Close of the study item & approval of work plan Release 8 Stage 3 Output 06/2008 baseline 09/2008 baseline: Major PHY updates. 12/2008 baseline: Major MAC updates. 03/2009 baseline: Major L3 updates.
- 5. For internal useonly 6 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date LTE/EPC Network Elements Main references to architecture in 3GPP specs.: TS23.401,TS23.402,TS36.300 NOTE: Interface names are from draft specification and may not be the final interface names LTE-UE Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN) MME S10 S6a Serving Gateway S1-U S11 PDN Gateway PDN Evolved Packet Core (EPC) S1-MME PCRF S7 Rx+ SGiS5/S8 Evolved Node B (eNB) X2 LTE-Uu HSS Mobility Management Entity Policy & Charging Rule Function S-GW /P-GW eNB
- 6. For internal useonly 7 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date LTE Radio Interface and the X2 Interface LTE-Uu interface • Air interface of LTE • Based on OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL • FDD and TDD duplex methods • Scalable bandwidth 1.4MHz to currently 20 MHz X2 interface • Inter eNB interface • X2AP: special signalling protocol • Functionalities: – For an inter- eNB HO to facilitate handover and provide data forwarding. – In RRM to provide e.g. load information to neighbouring eNBs to facilitate interference management – Logical interface: It does not need direct site-to-site connection, i.e. it can be routed via core network as well (E)-RRC(E)-RRC User PDUsUser PDUs User PDUsUser PDUs PDCPPDCP .. RLCRLC MACMAC LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA)LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA) TS 36.300 eNB LTE-Uu eNB X2 User PDUsUser PDUs GTP-UGTP-U UDPUDP IPIP L1/L2L1/L2 TS 36.424 X2-UP (User Plane)X2-CP (Control Plane) X2-APX2-AP SCTPSCTP IPIP L1/L2L1/L2TS 36.421 TS 36.422 TS 36.423 TS 36.421 TS 36.420 [currently also in TS 36.300 §20]
- 7. For internal useonly 8 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date S1-MME & S1-U Interfaces S1-MME interface • Control interface between eNB and MME • S1AP:S1 Application Protocol • MME and UE will exchange non- access stratum signaling via eNB through this interface ( i.e. authentication, tracking area updates) S1-U interface • User plane interface between eNB and serving gateway • Pure user data interface (U=User plane) MME Serving Gateway S1-MME (Control Plane) S1-U (User Plane) NAS ProtocolsNAS Protocols S1-APS1-AP SCTPSCTP IPIP L1/L2L1/L2 User PDUsUser PDUs GTP-UGTP-U UDPUDP IPIP L1/L2L1/L2 TS 36.411 TS 36.411 TS 36.412 TS 36.413 TS 36.414 TS 36.410 [currently in TS 36.300 §19] eNB S1 interface is divided into two parts:
- 8. For internal useonly 9 © Nokia Siemens Networks Physical Layer Technologies Downlink: OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). Uplink: SC-FDMA (Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access). Both FDD and TDD modes available. Subcarrier spacing 15 kHz. Scalable bandwidth. Only FDD with 5, 10 and 20 MHz Bandwidth supported in RL10 FDD Carrier Bandwidth [MHz] Number of Resource Blocks 1.4 6 3 15 5 25 10 50 15 75 20 100
- 9. For internal useonly 11 © Nokia Siemens Networks HH / 28th March 2008 LTE UE Categories • All categories support 20 MHz • 64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink (except Class 5) • 2x2 MIMO mandatory in other classes except Class 1 Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 10/5 Mbps 50/25 Mbps 100/50 Mbps 150/50 Mbps 300/75 Mbps Peak rate DL UL/ 20 MHz RF bandwidth 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 64QAM Modulation DL 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 16QAM Modulation UL 16QAM 64QAM16QAM 16QAM YesRx diversity Yes YesYes Yes 1-4 tx BTS tx diversity OptionalMIMO DL 2x2 4x42x2 2x2 1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx
- 10. For internal useonly 12 © Nokia Siemens Networks RRM Framework Presentation / Author / Date The diagram shows the detailed RRM framework and other modules interacting with RRM :
- 11. For internal useonly 13 © Nokia Siemens Networks RRM Framework Presentation / Author / Date •UE scope:Handover control, power control, Adaptive Modulation and Coding, outer link quality control, MIMO •Cell scope:Radio Admission Control, Congestion Control •eNode B scope: Packet Scheduler (cell scope for simpler implementation) •RAN scope:Load Balancing, Inter-cell Interference Coordination •Multi-RAT scope: Interworking with GSM/EDGE and UMTS, inter-RAT HO
- 12. For internal useonly 14 © Nokia Siemens Networks Layer 3 RRM Connection Mobility Control Layer 2 RRM Time Scale Call Duration Interhandover Time Channel Fading Time Burst or Packet Duration Traffic, Channel and Location Variations Traffic, Channel and Location Variations Radio Admission Control Intercell Interference Coordination Fast DL AMC 1 ms 10 ms 100 ms 1 s 10 s 100 s Load Balancing , Congestion Control Packet Scheduling (UL/DL), fast ATB L3 Signaling Delay Slow UL Power Control (open/closed Loop) Slow UL Power Control (open/closed Loop) Outer Link Quality Control (OLQC) UE DRX/DTX Control UE DRX/DTX Control LTE TTI Slow UL LA/AMC, Slow UL ATB Slow UL LA/AMC, Slow UL ATB Dynamic MIMO Control Dynamic MIMO Control RRM Framework: Time Scale of RRM Functions
- 13. For internal useonly 15 © Nokia Siemens Networks RRM Framework Presentation / Author / Date •Radio Admission Control : Admission control will be encharged of deciding when new users (or mobility users) are allowed to establish bearers in the cell •Packet Scheduler: Is encharged of UL and DL scheduling every TTI. PS will dedice which users are scheduled on a TTI basis and the amount of resources allocated to each user. •Power control: For DL it will be a semi static configuration where as for UL RRM will provide feedback for closed loop power control to reduce UL interference. • AMC (OLQC, OLLA) : AMC will perform link adaptation tasks to ensure radio resources are used in the most effiecient way possible. •MIMO: This module is encharged of selecting whether Transmit diversity, Spatial multiplexing or dynamic switching between previous two modes will be emplyed for every user based on UE feedback RL10 Functional Description of the different RRM Modules
- 14. For internal useonly 16 © Nokia Siemens Networks RL10 release roadmap (roadmap reflects status of 10th March 2010)
- 15. For internal useonly 17 © Nokia Siemens Networks RRM / Telecom Open Loop UL Power Control and DL Power Setting CQI Adaptation (DL) Link Adaptation by AMC (UL/DL) Support of 64 QAM in DL Fair Scheduler (UL/DL) Cell Selection and Re-Selection Intra Frequency Handover via X2 Transmit Diversity for Two Antennas Downlink Adaptive Open Loop MIMO for Two Antennas O&M SON -Automatic Adjacent Cell Configuration NetAct -Fault Management LTE BTS Site Manager Remote Electrical Tilt (RET) Management BTS Site Solutions Flexi System Module: FSME 13 km Cell Range Bandwidth: 5, 10 and 20 MHz Frequency: 700 and 2600 MHz Transport Flexi Transport Sub-Modules: FTLB Ethernet Transport Synchronization from GPS LTE FDD Release Roadmap RL10 Ready for Contract RL09 Available RL20 Under Planning RL30 Study Items RRM / Telecom Rate Capping per UE (UL/DL) Ciphering / Integrity Protection Inter RAT Handover to WCDMA Closed Loop UL Power Control S1 Flex Multi-Operator Core Network (MOCN) O&M SON -BTS Auto Connectivity SON -BTS Auto Configuration SON -NetAct Optimizer for LTE SON -ANR SON -ANR InterRAT UTRAN SON -Self Healing I LTE Security BTS Site Solutions Flexi System Module: FSMD 77 km Cell Range Frequency: 800EU*, 900*, 1800*, 1700/2100 and 2100 MHz Transport Flexi Transport Sub-Modules: FTIB Traffic Prioritization on IP Layer Traffic Prioritization on Ethernet Layer VLAN Based Traffic Differentiation Traffic Shaping LTE IPSec Support Synchronization from Ethernet RRM / Telecom Support of Multiple EPS Bearers Support of GBR EPS Bearer Inter RAT Handover to eHRPD DRX in RRC Connected Mode SRVCC to WCDMA SRVCC to GSM CS Fallback to WCDMA CS Fallback to GSM Intra LTE Handover via S1 Inter Frequency Handover NACC to GSM Service Differentiation for Non-GBR EPS Bearer O&M SON -ANR Fully UE Based SON -ANR InterRAT GERAN/HRPD SON -Self Healing II Trace Support BTS Site Solutions Up to 6 Cells with One System Module RF Sharing GSM - LTE 100 km Cell Range Bandwidth: 1.4, 3 and 15 MHz Frequency: 850 and 1900 MHz Transport QoS Aware Ethernet Switching Ethernet OAM RRM / Telecom Transmit Diversity for Four Antennas Downlink Adaptive MIMO for Four Antennas TTI Bundling O&M SON - ANR Inter RAT UE Based SON - Mobility Robustness Optimization Online Performance Monitoring BTS Site Solutions RF Sharing WCDMA - LTE System Sharing WCDMA - LTE 4-Way RX Diversity (MRC) 180W Flexi Multiradio Remote RF Frequency: 1500 MHz Transport CESoPSN Transport Link Redundancy IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stack IP Transport Network Measurements Note: Availability and order of different RF Module and Remote RF Head frequency variants pending on market need and customer orders (* RL10 ED
- 16. For internal useonly 18 © Nokia Siemens Networks Basic functionality S1/X2 Data Path Management S1, X2 and RRC Common Signaling EPS Bearer Establishment and Release Admission Control System Information Broadcast Physical & Transport Channels PDCP, MAC & RLC Support Fair Scheduler (UL/DL) Paging UE State Management Single TX Path Capacity / Coverage Open Loop UL Power Control and DL Power Setting Link Adaptation by AMC (UL/DL) Transmit Diversity for Two Antennas Downlink Adaptive Open Loop MIMO for Two Antennas Support of 64 QAM in DL CQI adaptation (DL) Mobility Cell Selection and Re-Selection Intra Frequency Handover via X2 LTE (FDD) RRM & Telecom Roadmap Network Architecture S1-Flex Multi-Operator Core Network (MOCN) Services Rate Capping per UE (UL/DL) Capacity / Coverage Downlink Adaptive Closed Loop MIMO for Two Antennas Closed Loop UL Power Control PUCCH Blanking PDCCH Link Adaptation Security Ciphering Integrity Protection Mobility Inter RAT Handover to WCDMA Inter RAT Cell Re-Selection Redirect to LTE or Other Technology Services Support of Multiple EPS Bearers Support of GBR EPS Bearer Robust Header Compression DRX in RRC Connected Mode Service Differentiation for Non-GBR EPS Bearer UE AMBR Modification Mobility Inter RAT Handover to eHRPD SRVCC to WCDMA SRVCC to GSM CS Fallback to WCDMA CS Fallback to GSM Intra LTE Handover via S1 Inter Frequency Handover NACC to GSM Capacity / Coverage Support of 64 QAM in UL Transmit Diversity for Four Antennas Downlink Adaptive Closed Loop MIMO for Four Antennas Channel Aware Scheduler (UL) TTI Bundling Extended Cyclic Prefix Mobility Inter RAT Handover from WCDMA Support of High Speed Users SRVCC to 1xRTT CS Fallback to 1xRTT Service Based Handover Load Based Handover Services Support of Cell Based Location Service E911 RL10RL09 RL20 RL30RL10 Ready for Contract RL09 Available RL20 Under Planning RL30 Study Items
- 17. For internal useonly 19 © Nokia Siemens Networks RL10 new features list with comments (roadmap reflects status of 10th March 2010, however, some features has been moved to further releases)
- 18. For internal useonly 20 © Nokia Siemens Networks RL10 New Features – RRM part commented BTS Site Solution LTE74 Flexi System Module FSMD LTE86 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 2100 LTE88 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 900* LTE99 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1.7/2.1 LTE101 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1800* LTE437 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 800EU* LTE547 Flexi RRH 2 TX 800EU* New LTE76 Flexi BTS legacy MHA Support LTE94 Feederless Site LTE97 Cell range 77 km RL10-OK LTE155 Flexi BTS 3rd party MHA Support LTE899 Antenna Line Supervision LTE900 Flexi LTE BTS 40W Power Support LTE903 Flexi LTE BTS 60W Power Support LTE904 Branch Activation in Triple RF Module Transport LTE129 Traffic prioritization on Ethernet layer LTE131 Traffic prioritization on IP layer (Diffserv) LTE138 Traffic shaping (UL) LTE707 Flexi Transport sub-module FTIB LTE710 Synchronization from PDH interface LTE711 Synchronization from 2.048MHz signal LTE875 Different IP addresses for U/C/M/S-plane LTE132 VLAN based traffic differentiation LTE134 Timing over Packet LTE713 Synchronous Ethernet RRM/Telecom (commented in red) LTE38 Integrity protection LTE423 RRC connection release with redirect RL10 OK LTE426 System time broadcast for SIB8 (Moved to RL20) LTE747 Support of UE radio capabilities RL10 OK LTE749 Link adaptation for PDCCH RL10 OK LTE761 Advanced target cell selection and handover retry for intra frequency handover RL10 OK LTE762 Idle mode mobility from LTE to WCDMA, GSM or other LTE bands RL10 OK LTE905 Non GBR QCI 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 RL10 OK LTE2 S1 Flex (Moved to RL20) LTE4 Multi-Operator Core Network (MOCN) (Moved to RL20) LTE13 Rate capping (UL/DL) (moved to RL20) LTE28 Closed loop UL power control RL10 OK LTE37 Ciphering RL10 OK LTE56 Inter RAT handover to WCDMA (Moved to RL20 LTE703 Downlink adaptive closed loop MIMO for two antennas (Moved to RL20) LTE786 Flexible UL Bandwidth (Moved to RL40) LTE807 Idle mode mobility from LTE to CDMA/1xRTT (Moved to RL20) LTE870 Idle mode mobility from LTE to CDMA/eHRPD (Moved to RL20) LBTS1.0, NetAct 5.2 CD3 *) RL10 ED
- 19. For internal useonly 21 © Nokia Siemens Networks RL10 (Feature Under Development 0.9) O&M, Performance Management LTE152 LTE Feature Management LTE654 LTE Configuration Management LTE655 LTE Software Management LTE147 LTE Hardware Management LTE468 PCI Management LTE720 SON LTE BTS Auto Configuration LTE783 Automated Neighbor Relation (ANR) Inter RAT UTRAN LTE154 SON LTE BTS Auto Connectivity LTE492 Automated Neighbor Relation (ANR) LTE653 LTE Operability Architecture LTE656 LTE Fault Management LTE657 LTE Performance Management LTE432 Cell Outage Detection LTE433 Basic LTE Cell Trace LTE817 Call Logging LTE150 LTE OAM Transport Layer Security (TLS) Support LTE746 IP based Filtering for BTS Site Support Equipment LTE666 LTE User Account Management LTE667 LTE User Event Log Management LTE665 LTE Certificate Management LTE685 Infrastructures for Certification Authority (CA) and Registration Authority (RA) LTE689 LTE IPSec Support LTE692 LTE Firewall Support LTE663 GPS location and time retrieval LTE691 BTS Site Manager Direct Application Access LTE913 LTE NEBS Compliant OMS LTE770 Basic Performance Counter Collection II LTE797 PM Counter Handover I LTE805 PM Counter Capacity I LTE806 PM Counter Transport I LBTS1.0, NetAct 5.2 CD3
Editor's Notes
- #7 HSS: Home subscriber server ( part of IMS)
- #8 UDP: User Datagram Protocol ( L4 Transport Layer) . Similar to TCP but only provides connectionless service.
- #9 SCTP: Stream Control Transmission Protocol. For IP signalling. Ensures reliable, in-sequence transport of messages with congestion control Similar to TCP but with advantages: Multi-homing support, where one (or both) endpoints of a connection can consist of more than one IP address, enabling transparent fail-over between redundant network paths. Transaction-oriented, it transports data in one or more messages instead of in byte streams ( TCP) GTP: GPRS Tunnelling Protocol ( same as for UMTS Rel 99): user plane traffic
- #11 Downlink Normal Cyclic Prefix considered and 10MHz BW Following overheads not reduced: CRC, L2/L3 headers, IP headers Following overheads reduced Synchronization, reference, PBCH, PCFICH, PHICH and 1 PDCCH symbol Relative overheads Reference symbol overhead 9.5% with 2x2 MIMO PDCCH overhead 4.76% with single symbol (two symbols with 1.4 MHz)(12*Numpdcch symbol-4*RS)/(12*7*2subframes) Other overheads &lt;1% with 10 MHz bandwidth UPLINK Following overheads not reduced: CRC, L2/L3 headers, IP headers Following overheads reduced 1 symbol for reference symbol 1 resource block for PUCCH Relative overheads Reference symbol overhead 14.3% PUCCH overhead =2/50 (or best case 1/50)= 4% or (2%) RACH overhead = (not present in peak?)= 6 * 84 /(2*84*50*10)=0.6% When calculating peak rate is it considering that only factors of 2, 3 or 5 can be assigned in the UL? VIRTUAL MIMO: (multi user MIMO) 2 UEs with 1Tx antenna each can communicate with an eNodeB simultaneously using the same resource blocks simultaneously ( A way for operators to increase capacity). As UEs are assumed to be physically distant from each other the resulting combined transmissions arrive at the eNodeB as multipath and can be processed in the same way as separate MIMO streams. It doubles capacity of the UL.