The document details the evolution of mobile technologies from 2G to 5G, highlighting advancements in data speeds, connection density, and latency. It outlines key features and requirements for 5G, including ultra-reliable low-latency communication and massive machine-type communication. The text also discusses various use cases for 5G, such as industrial automation, healthcare monitoring, and enhanced mobile broadband.

1. 5G and ‘Real’ 5G
ZAHID GHADIALY
23 JULY 2020
@3g4gUK

2. ©3G4G
Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXvh84lgbdQ

3. Evolution of Mobile Phones
©3G4G

4. Focus area for different technology generations
©3G4G
Data
Speed / Throughput
Connection Density Latency / Delay
Voice
+
SMS
2G Focus area
3G Focus area
4G Focus area
5G Focus area

5. Mobile Technology Evolution
©3G4G
1G
Analog 2G
Voice only, Limited
coverage and
mobility. Example:
AMPS
Digital 3G
Improved voice,
security, coverage.
SMS, data. Example
GSM, CDMA
Mobile Data 4G
Higher data rates,
smartphones,
better voice.
Example: HSPA /
HSPA+
Mobile
Broadband
5G
High speed data,
better
smartphones.
Example: LTE / LTE-
A
eMBB, mMTC,
URLLC
Even higher speeds,
ultra-reliable, low
latency, high
connection density
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

6. 3GPP Releases Timeline
©3G4G
R99 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22
1999 2002 2009 2011 2016 2019 2022
3G
3.5G (HSDPA)
3GPP Release Dates on 3GPP Portal
4G
Real 4G (LTE-A)
2025
4.5G (LTE-A Pro)
2029
5G
6G
5.5G?
Red text indicates dates and features are not confirmed

7. Focus area for different technology generations
©3G4G
Data
Speed / Throughput
Connection Density Latency / Delay
2G, 3G, 4G
5G

8. Comparison of 2G, 3G, 4G & 5G technologies
©3G4G
Speed Latency Connection Density
Connection Speed, Latency & Density Comparison
2G 3G 4G 5G
Example only.
Not according to scale

9. IMT-2020 High Level Vision
©3G4G
eMBB (enhanced Mobile Broadband) – Capacity Enhancement
& Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) – High Speed Home / SOHO Broadband
mMTC (massive Machine Type Communications) –
Massive connectivity
URLLC (Ultra-reliable and Low-latency communications) –
High reliability, Low latency
Gigabytes in a second
Sensor
Work and play in the cloud
Industrial and vehicular automation
Augmented/Virtual reality
Mission critical broadband
Self-driving car
3D video 4K screens
Smart-city cameras
Voice
Sensor Network
Smart Homes
ITU recommendation ITU-R M.2083-0

10. IMT-2020 Requirements
©3G4G
10 years
battery life
M2M
Ultra low cost
100 x
More devices than 4G
>10 Gbps
Peak data rates
100 Mbps
Whenever needed
10000 x
More traffic than 4G
UR
Ultra-Reliable
(99.999%)
< 1 ms
Low latency on
radio interface
1,000,000
devices per km2
ITU-R IMT-2020 requirements

11. IMT-2020 Requirements
©3G4G
10 years
battery life
M2M
Ultra low cost
100 x
More devices than 4G
>10 Gbps
Peak data rates
100 Mbps
Whenever needed
10000 x
More traffic than 4G
UR
Ultra-Reliable
(99.999%)
< 1 ms
Low latency on
radio interface
1,000,000
devices per km2
ITU-R IMT-2020 requirements
Reliability?

12. Reliability / Availability
©3G4G
Reliability/Availability %
Downtime
per year
Downtime
per month
Downtime
per week
Downtime
per day
99% ("two nines") 3.65 d 7.31 h 1.68 h 14.40 m
99.9% ("three nines") 8.77 h 43.83 m 10.08 m 1.44 m
99.99% ("four nines") 52.60 m 4.38 m 1.01 m 8.64 s
99.999% ("five nines") 5.26 m 26.30 s 6.05 s 864.00 ms
99.9999% ("six nines") 31.56 s 2.63 s 604.80 ms 86.40 ms
99.99999% ("seven nines") 3.16 s 262.98 ms 60.48 ms 8.64 ms
99.999999% ("eight nines") 315.58 ms 26.30 ms 6.05 ms 864.00 μs
• Availability is a measure of the % of time the equipment is in an operable state while reliability is a measure of
how long the item performs its intended function.
• Generally speaking a reliable machine has high availability, but an available machine may or may not be very
reliable.

13. IMT-2020 Requirements
©3G4G
10 years
battery life
M2M
Ultra low cost
100 x
More devices than 4G
>10 Gbps
Peak data rates
100 Mbps
Whenever needed
10000 x
More traffic than 4G
UR
Ultra-Reliable
(99.999%)
< 1 ms
Low latency on
radio interface
1,000,000
devices per km2
ITU-R IMT-2020 requirements
Latency?

14. Latency
©3G4G
Latency is generally defined as the time
it takes for a source to send a packet of
data to a receiver. In simple terms, half
of Ping time. This is also referred to as
one way latency.
Sometimes the term Round trip
latency or round trip time (RTT) is also
used to define latency. This is the same
as ping time.

15. IMT-2020 Requirements
©3G4G
10 years
battery life
M2M
Ultra low cost
100 x
More devices than 4G
>10 Gbps
Peak data rates
100 Mbps
Whenever needed
10000 x
More traffic than 4G
UR
Ultra-Reliable
(99.999%)
< 1 ms
Low latency on
radio interface
1,000,000
devices per km2
ITU-R IMT-2020 requirements

16. M2M, MTC & IoT
©3G4G
Source: Ericsson
• Machine-Type Communications (MTC) is 3GPP defined name for generic Machine-to-Machine (M2M)
• IoT can simply be defined as M2M/MTC with Intelligence in the Cloud
URLLC
Massive
M2M/MTC
(mMTC)

17. Standalone vs Non-Standalone
©3G4G
Based on original by Ericsson
4G Core
Network
4G Access
Network

18. Focus area for different technology generations
©3G4G
Data
Speed / Throughput
Connection Density Latency / Delay
4G

19. Standalone vs Non-Standalone
©3G4G
Based on original by Ericsson
4G Core
Network
4G Access
Network
5G Access
Network

20. Focus area for different technology generations
©3G4G
Data
Speed / Throughput
Connection Density Latency / Delay
4GNon-Standalone 5G

21. You've Got 5G!!!
©3G4G
UK Japan China

22. Standalone vs Non-Standalone
©3G4G
Based on original by Ericsson
5G Core
Network
5G Access
Network

23. Focus area for different technology generations
©3G4G
Data
Speed / Throughput
Connection Density Latency / Delay
Standalone 5G

24. Different Flavours of 5G
©3G4G

25. Importance of Frequency selection
©3G4G
2.1GHz 900MHz
Higher frequency
means faster
decay
Lower frequency means
more number of users in a
given cell
Higher frequency gets
reflected from walls and
have poor penetration
Lower frequency gets
attenuated from walls but
still penetrates

26. 5G: Multiple Layers for multiple needs
©3G4G
Coverage Layer
Sub-1GHz
Capacity Layer
1GHz – 7.125GHz
High Throughput Layers
24.25GHz – 52.6GHz

27. Typical Operator Spectrum – 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G
©3G4G
2G
3G
4G
5G
FR1 – 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz FR2 – 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz

28. 5G Use Cases
©3G4G
Video
Monitoring
Mobile Cloud
Computing
Industrial
AutomationVehicle
to
Infrastructure
Vehicle
to
Vehicle
(V2V)
Vehicle
to
Pedestrian
(V2P)
Health Care Monitoring
Remote
Surgery
Public Safety
Wearables
Social
Networking
Video Calling
Virtual Meetings
Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality
Fixed
Wireless
UHD
Video
Smart Home / Smart Cities
Extreme
Mobile
Broadband
(eMBB)
Massive
Scale
Communication
(mMTC)
Ultra-Reliable
Low Latency
Service
(URLLC)
Human to Human Human to Machine Machine to Machine
Source: 5G Americas
Enhanced MBB
• 20/10 Gbps DL/UL*
• 4 ms user plane
latency
• 500 km/h mobility
Massive MTC
• 1 million devices / km2
• 10+ years battery life
• 20 dB coverage
enhancement
URLLC
• 1 ms user plane
latency
• Highly secure /
resilient
• 99.99999% availability
* Peak theoretical rate

29. 5G Use Cases
©3G4G
High Data
Rates
Ultra-
Reliability
& Low
Latency
High
Density

30. 5G Use Cases
©3G4G
Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality

31. Augmented reality (AR)
©3G4G
In Augmented Reality (AR),
virtual information and
objects are overlaid on the
real world. This experience
enhances the real world
with digital images, text,
and animation.
Extended reality
LG U+ AR Dance-Off

32. AR Games
©3G4G
Read more on this topic

33. Virtual Reality (VR)
©3G4G
In a Virtual Reality (VR)
experience, users are fully
immersed in a simulated
digital environment. Users
must put on a VR headset
or head-mounted display
(HMD) to get a 360 -degree
view of an artificial world
Extended reality
NTT Docomo VR Example

34. Mixed Reality (MR)
©3G4G
In Mixed Reality (MR), digital
and real-world objects co-
exist and can interact with
one another in real-time.
This is the latest immersive
technology and is
sometimes referred to as
hybrid reality.
Extended reality
Microsoft HoloLens MR Example

35. Extended Reality (XR)?
©3G4G
Extended Reality (XR)
is an umbrella term for
all the immersive
technologies.
Extended reality
MRAR VR

36. XR will impact everyone and everything
©3G4G
Transform how
children learn
and play
Tourists
exploring
historical sites
Families
communicating
Working
Professionals
Health and
Fitness
People with
disabilities
Children chasing
virtual
characters/immersi
ve gaming, students
using VR aids
Exploring
historical sites
through VR
seeing them in
their original
state
Families bought
together with life-
like
communication
Engineers
collaborating on
shared design
to improve
efficiency
Virtual
trainers to
motivate
fitness groups
Experiences that might
be impossible or unsafe
for them in real life. They
can run, ski, ride bikes,
and climb mountains.

37. AR, VR & XR Head Mounted Devices
Oculus
HTC Vive
Samsung Gear
Google Cardboard
Powis Cardboard
Microsoft Hololens
Magic Leap
Mira Prism
- Gensler slide
©3G4G

38. A glimpse into the future — everyday AR glasses
©3G4G 4
A glimpse into the future — everyday AR glasses
New optics and projection
technologies within a durable,
semitransparent display
Directional speakers
Tracking and recording cameras
Inertial, haptic,
and health sensors
Many passive and active cameras
with fisheye and telephoto lenses
Optoelectronic night vision
and thermal imaging sensors
Ambient light sensors
Multiple high sensitivity
audio microphones
Eye tracking cameras
Bone conduction transducers Multimode connectivity
(4G, 5G, etc.)
Source: Qualcomm

39. 5G Use Cases
©3G4G
UHD
Video

40. 5G Connected Stadiums
©3G4G
5GPit stop view Drive/car
view
5G
Aerial/top
view VIP
With 5G, CSPs can offer multiple camera
views and virtual reality to thousands at a
major sporting event
VR sets Tickets Tablets
Walk on the track
Based on a picture by Nokia

41. 5G Use Cases
©3G4G
Video
Monitoring

42. Monitoring & Surveillance
©3G4G
Read more about Samsung & KDDI trials

43. 5G Use Cases
©3G4G
Fixed
Wireless

44. Fixed Wireless Access (FWA): Indoor
©3G4G
CPE + Wi-Fi router
CPE: Customer Premises Equipment

45. Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) Example
©3G4G
Orange Romania FWA Test

46. 5G CPE’s from UK MNOs
©3G4G
HTC 5G HubHuawei 5G CPE Pro

47. 5G Use Cases
©3G4G
Smart Home / Smart Cities
Vehicle
to
Infrastructure
Vehicle
to
Vehicle
(V2V)
Vehicle
to
Pedestrian
(V2P)

48. 5G Connected Car: In-vehicle infotainment
©3G4G
Cloud
5G
5G 5G
5G
A dense city center deployment of 5G deliver mobile broadband and infotainment services to customers using public transport Based on a picture by Nokia

49. Connected Car: Use cases & requirements
Use Cases Requirements Applications
Infotainment High Bandwidth • Browsing
• Entertainment
• Media (audio, video)
• Video conferencing, etc.
Traffic Efficiency Reliability • Navigation
• Live Traffic Information
• Toll
Traffic Safety Low latency, High reliability • Hazard warning
• Collision warning
• Co-operative autonomous
cruise control
©3G4G
Source: ETSI

50. Telematics & Diagnostics
©3G4G
Source: Auto Tech Review (link)

51. Cellular V2X Concept
©3G4G
Backend
Vulnerable
road users
LTE/5G
P2N
LTE/5G
V2P
LTE/5G
V2N
LTE/5G V2VLTE/5G V2V
LTE/5G
V2N
LTE/5G
V2I
Traffic lights,
roadside
infrastructure
Parking
NB-IoT
Edge Cloud
Local Sensors Local Sensors Local Sensors
V2X – Vehicle to Everything
V2I – Vehicle to Infrastructure
V2P – Vehicle to Pedestrian
V2V – Vehicle to Vehicle
V2N – Vehicle to Network
P2N – Pedestrian to Network

52. V2X in a Smart & Connected City
©3G4G
Video link

53. 5G Use Cases
©3G4G
Industrial
Automation

54. Private & Industrial Networks
©3G4G
Video Source: Qualcomm

55. Private Networks: Industrial
©3G4G
Source: Qualcomm

56. Private Networks: Hubs
©3G4G
Source: Qualcomm

57. Private Networks: Hubs
©3G4G
Source: Qualcomm

58. Private Networks: Remote Sites
©3G4G
Source: Qualcomm

59. Private Networks: Buildings
©3G4G
Source: Qualcomm

60. Summary of 5G Use Cases
©3G4G
Video
Monitoring
Mobile Cloud
Computing
Industrial
AutomationVehicle
to
Infrastructure
Vehicle
to
Vehicle
(V2V)
Vehicle
to
Pedestrian
(V2P)
Health Care Monitoring
Remote
Surgery
Public Safety
Wearables
Social
Networking
Video Calling
Virtual Meetings
Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality
Fixed
Wireless
UHD
Video
Smart Home / Smart Cities
Extreme
Mobile
Broadband
(eMBB)
Massive
Scale
Communication
(mMTC)
Ultra-Reliable
Low Latency
Service
(URLLC)
Human to Human Human to Machine Machine to Machine
Source: 5G Americas
Enhanced MBB
• 20/10 Gbps DL/UL*
• 4 ms user plane
latency
• 500 km/h mobility
Massive MTC
• 1 million devices / km2
• 10+ years battery life
• 20 dB coverage
enhancement
URLLC
• 1 ms user plane
latency
• Highly secure /
resilient
• 99.9999% availability
* Peak theoretical rate

61. Further Study on this topic
©3G4G
• 3G4G Homepage (link)
• 5G Radar - 5G use cases: we reveal what 5G is actually capable of (link)
• 3G4G Blog: Examples of 5G Use Cases & Applications (link)
• 5G Use Cases YouTube Playlist (link)
• 5G Americas whitepaper: 5G Services & Use cases (link)
• Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) (link)
• 5G eXtended Reality (5G-XR) in 5G System (5GS) (link)
• Real-life 5G Use Cases for Verticals from China (link)
• 5G Private and Non-Public Network (NPN) (link)
• 5G and Industry 4.0 (link)
• What is Industrial IoT (IIoT) and how is it different from IoT? (link)

62. Want to learn more 5G?
©3G4G
Free 5G Training - https://www.free5gtraining.com/
Suggested sequence: 1, 2, 3 but if you are keen to learn some 5G first then do 2, followed by 1, 2 (again) and 3.
X & Y are just for fun; to motivate you about 5G and show use cases and adverts from different operators around the world.
They are light and you may enjoy them before you start 1, 2, 3…

63. Thank You
To learn more, visit:
3G4G Website – https://www.3g4g.co.uk/
3G4G Blog – https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/
Telecoms Infrastructure Blog – https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/
Operator Watch Blog – https://www.operatorwatch.com/
Connectivity Technology Blog – https://www.connectivity.technology/
Free 5G Training – https://www.free5gtraining.com/
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