Waste Treatment
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Waste treatment involves managing waste from creation to disposal through activities like collection, transport, and treatment. It also includes the legal framework around recycling and waste management. Waste is classified into categories like solid, liquid, e-waste, radioactive, biomedical, agricultural, and industrial waste. Poor waste treatment can negatively impact the environment through water and soil contamination and pollution, and the economy through issues like disease outbreaks. Proper treatment provides benefits like more efficient decision making during incidents, encouraging stakeholder cooperation, and enhancing adaptation to climate change impacts. Key waste treatment policies in India include acts governing environment protection, hazardous waste, biomedical waste, and municipal solid waste.
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Green chemistry seeks to minimize pollution and hazardous waste by designing chemical products and processes. It encourages safer product design, renewable feedstocks, and prevention of waste over treatment. The 12 principles of green chemistry provide a framework for minimizing risk through safer chemicals, renewable resources, energy efficiency, and design for degradation. Examples show how green chemistry has helped reduce pollution from dry cleaning, lead, and firefighting foams.
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Hazardous waste poses threats to public health and the environment. It is classified based on toxic, reactive, ignitable, corrosive, infectious or radioactive properties. The key features of hazardous waste management include the cradle-to-grave manifest system to track waste transportation and treatment, storage and disposal facilities. Treatment methods include chemical, thermal, and biological processes like incineration and landfarming. Untreated waste requires proper disposal such as in secure landfills or recycling to prevent environmental contamination. The national plan outlines priorities to improve hazardous waste management through prevention, collection, self-sufficiency and minimizing impacts.
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The document discusses industrial waste management. It defines industrial waste and notes that it can contaminate the environment if not properly disposed of. Some effective strategies for management include reducing, reusing, recycling and recovering wastes. Developing eco-industrial parks where companies cooperate to share resources and reduce waste is also discussed as an approach. Case studies provide examples of industrial symbiosis where one industry's waste is used as a resource for another.
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Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
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- 1. WASTE TREATMENT By- Manish Sahu M.Sc. Chemistry (Final) Sp.- Physical Chemistry
- 2. SYNOPSIS Introduction Definition Kind of Waste Classification of Waste Effect of Poor Treatment Benefits from Treatment Waste Treatment Policies Conclusion References
- 3. INTRODUCTION Waste Treatment is all those activities and action required to manage Waste from its inception to its final disposal. The include amongst other things, collection, transport, treatment and disposal of Waste together with monitoring and regulation. It also encompasses the legal and regulatory framework the related to Waste Treatment encompassing guidance on recycling etc.
- 4. DEFINITION This term is assigned to the material, Waste material that is produced through Human being activity. This material is managed to avoid its adverse effect over Human Health and Environment.
- 5. KIND OF WASTE SOLID WASTE :- Waste in solid forms, Domestic, Commercial and Industrial Waste. Eg: Plastic, Bottles, Scrap ion, Cans, Papers and other trash. LIQUID WASTE :- Waste in liquid forms. Eg: Domestic washings, Chemical, Oils, Manufacturing industries and other sources.
- 6. CLASSIFICATION OF WASTE Solid Waste WASTE E- Waste Radioactive Waste Bio-Medical Waste Agriculture Waste Industrial Waste
- 7. Solid waste that include household garbage, rubbish, construction & demolition debris, sanitation residues, packaging material, trade refuges etc are managed by any municipality.
- 9. Solid or liquid wastes including containers, intermediates or end products generated during diagnosis, treatment & research activities of Medical science.
- 10. Liquid and solid wastes that are generated by manufacturing & processing units of various industries like chemical petroleum, coal, metal gas, sanitary & paper etc.
- 11. Waste generated from farming activities. These substance are mostly biodegradable.
- 12. Waste containing Radioactive material usually these are byproduct of Nuclear Processes. Sometimes industries that are not directly involved in Nuclear activities, many also produce some Radioactive wastes. Eg: Radioactive Isotopes, Chemical Sludge etc.
- 13. Electronic wastes generated from any modern establishment. They may be described as discarded electrical or electronic devices. Some electronic scrap components such as CRTs, may contain contaminate such as Pb , Cd , Be or Brominates flame retardants.
- 16. EFFECT OF POOR TREATMENT ENVIRONMENT EFFECT: Surface & Ground water contamination soil contamination Environment Pollution ECONOMIC EFFECT: Aesthetic Effect Disease Outbreaks Recycling Revenue
- 17. BENEFITS FROM TREATMENT Save valuable time and resources during an incident . Allows more efficient and effective waste management decision making during an incident. Encourages stakeholders to work together before an incident occurs. Enhances communities adaptation to the waste related impacts of climate change.
- 18. WASTE TREATMENT POLICIES Environment Protection act, 1986 Hazardous waste rule, 1989 Bio-Medical waste rule, 1998 Municipal solid waste rule, 2000 Waste Management act, 1996 Solid waste Policy in India, 2006
- 19. CONCLUSION Today population is increasing day by day, also the rate of waste is increasing, so we have to aware people about managing waste, like by throwing waste in different dustbins, using the concepts of 3R’s etc.
- 20. REFERENCES Environmental Chemistry By : “B. K. Sharma” Environmental Studies : “D.D. Mishra”