Green chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. It involves 12 principles that were established in 1998 to promote pollution prevention. Green chemistry has various applications in areas like plastics production and provides benefits such as reduced waste, costs, and health risks. It also helps address issues involving energy, resources, food supply, and toxins in the environment.
Green chemistry seeks to minimize pollution and hazardous waste by designing chemical products and processes. It encourages safer product design, renewable feedstocks, and prevention of waste over treatment. The 12 principles of green chemistry provide a framework for minimizing risk through safer chemicals, renewable resources, energy efficiency, and design for degradation. Examples show how green chemistry has helped reduce pollution from dry cleaning, lead, and firefighting foams.
With mounting concerns over the state of our planet, there is continuing demand that chemists
and chemical engineers should develop greener chemical processes and products. In the 1990s, with the
growing awareness of the hazardous impacts of the chemical industry, the green chemistry revolution was
launched by American chemists Paul T. Anastas and John Warner. Green chemistry is the kind of chemistry that
seeks to minimize pollution, conserve energy, and promote environmentally friendly production. This paper
provides a brief introduction to green chemistry.
With mounting concerns over the state of our planet, there is continuing demand that chemists
and chemical engineers should develop greener chemical processes and products. In the 1990s, with the
growing awareness of the hazardous impacts of the chemical industry, the green chemistry revolution was
launched by American chemists Paul T. Anastas and John Warner. Green chemistry is the kind of chemistry that
seeks to minimize pollution, conserve energy, and promote environmentally friendly production. This paper
provides a brief introduction to green chemistry
Green Chemistry - Qu Khan - University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.QuKhan
This document outlines learning objectives and provides information on the evolution, history, and principles of green chemistry. It discusses key events that prompted the development of green chemistry like the Cuyahoga River fire and Bhopal disaster. It defines green chemistry and its goal of reducing pollution by designing chemical products and processes that are less hazardous. The 12 principles of green chemistry are presented, which aim to prevent waste and maximize atom economy. Examples of conventional versus green syntheses are provided. Finally, applications of green chemistry and a concluding statement about reducing costs and risks are discussed.
This document discusses different types of environmental pollutants including physical, chemical, and biological pollutants. It also classifies pollutants as biodegradable or non-biodegradable. The document then defines environmental pollution as the unfavorable alteration of surroundings due to human actions, and classifies pollution into air, water, soil, and industrial pollution. It provides examples of various air, water, and soil pollutants and methods to control different types of pollution. The document also discusses acid rain, the greenhouse effect, global warming, and green chemistry approaches to reducing pollution.
Green chemistry, current and future issuesAlfi Nugraha
This document discusses the history and principles of green chemistry. It begins with a brief history of green chemistry, noting that it was first coined in 1991 by Anastas as part of an EPA program. It describes the 12 principles of green chemistry proposed by Anastas and Warner, including prevention of waste, atom economy, safer chemicals/solvents, renewable feedstocks, and catalysis. It then provides examples of implementing these principles through biodiesel production, use of supercritical fluids like CO2 as solvents, and green analytical techniques like accelerated solvent extraction. The overall summary is that green chemistry aims to reduce environmental impact and hazards through principles like prevention of waste, safer chemicals/feedstocks, and catalysis.
Green chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. It involves 12 principles that were established in 1998 to promote pollution prevention. Green chemistry has various applications in areas like plastics production and provides benefits such as reduced waste, costs, and health risks. It also helps address issues involving energy, resources, food supply, and toxins in the environment.
Green chemistry seeks to minimize pollution and hazardous waste by designing chemical products and processes. It encourages safer product design, renewable feedstocks, and prevention of waste over treatment. The 12 principles of green chemistry provide a framework for minimizing risk through safer chemicals, renewable resources, energy efficiency, and design for degradation. Examples show how green chemistry has helped reduce pollution from dry cleaning, lead, and firefighting foams.
With mounting concerns over the state of our planet, there is continuing demand that chemists
and chemical engineers should develop greener chemical processes and products. In the 1990s, with the
growing awareness of the hazardous impacts of the chemical industry, the green chemistry revolution was
launched by American chemists Paul T. Anastas and John Warner. Green chemistry is the kind of chemistry that
seeks to minimize pollution, conserve energy, and promote environmentally friendly production. This paper
provides a brief introduction to green chemistry.
With mounting concerns over the state of our planet, there is continuing demand that chemists
and chemical engineers should develop greener chemical processes and products. In the 1990s, with the
growing awareness of the hazardous impacts of the chemical industry, the green chemistry revolution was
launched by American chemists Paul T. Anastas and John Warner. Green chemistry is the kind of chemistry that
seeks to minimize pollution, conserve energy, and promote environmentally friendly production. This paper
provides a brief introduction to green chemistry
Green Chemistry - Qu Khan - University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.QuKhan
This document outlines learning objectives and provides information on the evolution, history, and principles of green chemistry. It discusses key events that prompted the development of green chemistry like the Cuyahoga River fire and Bhopal disaster. It defines green chemistry and its goal of reducing pollution by designing chemical products and processes that are less hazardous. The 12 principles of green chemistry are presented, which aim to prevent waste and maximize atom economy. Examples of conventional versus green syntheses are provided. Finally, applications of green chemistry and a concluding statement about reducing costs and risks are discussed.
This document discusses different types of environmental pollutants including physical, chemical, and biological pollutants. It also classifies pollutants as biodegradable or non-biodegradable. The document then defines environmental pollution as the unfavorable alteration of surroundings due to human actions, and classifies pollution into air, water, soil, and industrial pollution. It provides examples of various air, water, and soil pollutants and methods to control different types of pollution. The document also discusses acid rain, the greenhouse effect, global warming, and green chemistry approaches to reducing pollution.
Green chemistry, current and future issuesAlfi Nugraha
This document discusses the history and principles of green chemistry. It begins with a brief history of green chemistry, noting that it was first coined in 1991 by Anastas as part of an EPA program. It describes the 12 principles of green chemistry proposed by Anastas and Warner, including prevention of waste, atom economy, safer chemicals/solvents, renewable feedstocks, and catalysis. It then provides examples of implementing these principles through biodiesel production, use of supercritical fluids like CO2 as solvents, and green analytical techniques like accelerated solvent extraction. The overall summary is that green chemistry aims to reduce environmental impact and hazards through principles like prevention of waste, safer chemicals/feedstocks, and catalysis.
This document discusses environmental disasters and regulations enacted in response. It provides examples of well-publicized pollution incidents like the Cuyahoga River catching fire and the Bhopal disaster. These incidents helped rally support for environmental laws like the Clean Water Act and Superfund. The document also discusses the growth of environmental regulation over time in response to crises. It introduces the concepts of pollution prevention and green chemistry which aim to reduce hazardous materials and waste from the start.
The document discusses the challenges of achieving a non-toxic environment and proposes key actions to develop a more sustainable chemicals policy. It notes that while regulations aim to keep chemical concentrations below toxic levels, biodiversity continues to decline and human exposures are rising. It argues for intensifying efforts like minimizing chemical releases, banning persistent chemicals, increasing green chemistry and monitoring. The goal is to ultimately reduce both ecological damage and human health impacts from chemicals in the environment.
Green chemistry is chemistry for the environment, including the production and use of less hazardous substances. Green chemistry is a creating new methods of thinking and creating, environmentally.
This document discusses the environmental pollution caused by the large number of garment industries located around Tirupur, Tamil Nadu, India. The effluents from over 750 dyeing and bleaching units, containing various chemicals, are dumped untreated into the Noyyal River. This highly polluted water flows into the Orathapalayam Dam and has contaminated both surface and ground water in the region, rendering the water unfit for drinking or irrigation. Release of water from the dam in 1997 caused significant damage to crops, soil and animals. The dam itself may also collapse due to structural problems caused by the pollution.
This document discusses the 12 principles of green chemistry. It provides definitions of green chemistry as designing chemical products and processes that reduce hazardous substances. The 12 principles are described which focus on preventing waste, maximizing atom economy in reactions, using less hazardous syntheses, designing safer chemicals, using safer solvents and auxiliaries, conducting reactions efficiently, using renewable feedstocks, reducing unnecessary derivatization, using catalysis, designing chemicals for degradation, enabling real-time analysis, and inherently safer chemistry. Examples are given to illustrate principles like designing safer antifoulants, solvent substitution, and renewable polymers and platform chemicals from biomass.
Green chemistry is an area of chemistry focused on designing chemical products and processes that minimize environmental impact and hazardous waste. It aims to prevent pollution at the molecular level through principles like maximizing atom economy in reactions and using renewable, non-toxic reagents. The field emerged in the 1990s in response to problems of chemical pollution and depletion, and seeks to promote sustainability through innovative chemical engineering approaches. Adoption of green chemistry helps protect nature and reduce use of precious resources.
Digital Library of GLT SBM, DL of GLT SBM Green Chemistry is the utilization of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products.
Green chemistry aims to reduce or eliminate the use of hazardous substances in chemical products and processes. It promotes the use of renewable feedstocks, safer solvents and auxiliaries, catalysts over reagents, and design of chemicals that degrade harmlessly after use. The 12 principles of green chemistry provide a framework for designing chemical syntheses and products that are less hazardous to human health and the environment. Green chemistry can help address issues of energy use, global climate change, resource depletion, food supply challenges, and toxic pollution.
Green chemistry – The Chemical Industries' Way To Go GreenTariq Tauheed
At a time when everyone seems to be concerned about the environment, how exactly would the chemical industries play their part? A sneak peek into the fundamentals of how the chemical industries can adapt, and/or restructure.
We need the earth, the
1. Green chemistry looks at preventing pollution on a molecular scale through more environmentally friendly chemical processes and products that reduce hazardous substances.
2. The concept of green chemistry was formally established 25 years ago by the EPA in response to the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990, though the term was coined in 1991 by Paul Anastas.
3. Green chemistry principles include preventing waste, maximizing atom economy in chemical syntheses, using safer and less hazardous chemicals and solvents, designing for energy efficiency, and using renewable rather than depleting feedstocks.
This document outlines a lecture on environmental engineering at the University of Baghdad College of Engineering. It introduces chemical engineering and its role in applying science to industrial processes. The course objectives are to provide an understanding of environmental pollution, its impacts, and prevention/control methods. Recommended textbooks and a weekly schedule are included, covering topics like ecosystems, health effects, pollution types, measurements, and water/air treatment technologies. The introduction defines engineering and chemical engineering, and their applications.
Green chemistry aims to reduce or eliminate the use of hazardous substances in chemical products and processes. It involves applying 12 principles for designing chemical syntheses and products, such as preventing waste, using renewable starting materials, designing for energy efficiency, and developing inherently safer chemicals. Green chemistry is important because it can help address issues like pollution, resource depletion, climate change, and toxic chemicals in the environment through the development of more sustainable chemical technologies.
This document discusses Green Chemistry and its importance in addressing various environmental problems. It begins by defining Green Chemistry as utilizing principles that reduce or eliminate hazardous substances in chemical products and processes. It then discusses the need for Green Chemistry to make chemistry more sustainable given its role in daily life and potential environmental impacts. The 12 principles of Green Chemistry are also outlined, which aim to prevent waste and pollution. The document concludes that Green Chemistry can help address issues like energy generation, resource depletion, global change, food supply, and toxic chemicals in the environment by developing more sustainable chemical solutions.
This document discusses waste management. It defines waste and outlines various regulations related to waste management in India. It describes different types of waste including hazardous and non-hazardous waste. Various methods of waste disposal and their impacts on health and environment are explained. International conventions addressing waste are also summarized. The waste management hierarchy of reduce, reuse and recycle is presented. Various waste treatment technologies like incineration, pyrolysis, gasification and bio-methanation are defined. The document concludes with recommendations for reducing waste, reusing materials, donating excess goods, and educating employees on proper waste management practices.
Green chemistry is the utilization of principles that reduce or eliminate hazardous substances in the design, manufacture, and application of chemical products. It focuses on waste minimization at the source through the use of catalysts instead of reagents, non-toxic reagents, renewable resources, improved atom efficiency, solvent-free or recyclable solvent systems. The goals are to reduce costs, waste, materials, hazards, and energy usage throughout the chemical process.
Environmental Impacts of the liquid waste from Assalaya Sugar Factory in Rabe...IJEAB
The study aimed to assess the environmental health impacts of the liquid waste from Assalaya Sugar Factory, the efficiency of the existing Assalaya effluent treatment plant, the dilution factors available in the White Nile to gather with wastewater environmental impacts. A descriptive cross-sectional focused on the Factory and its neighborhoods. Four hundred and thirty two out of 3931 households were statistically determined as the sample size, the individual samples were picked using multi-stage stratified method 432 households selected as sample size. Data were collected by using structured questionnaires, field observations, laboratory analysis and interviewing the concerned and affected persons. The effluent load discharged from the factory into the Al - jassir canal at the White Nile was analyzed for BOD, COD, pH, PO4, TDS, TSS, Turbidity, Color, and flow rate.The Data were processed by using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16, Chi-square test, test associations and office excel 2007. The study showed that Eighty one percent of the households used the surplus irrigation canal as a source for water supply. 64% of the respondents suffered from diarrhea, vomiting and allergic diseases, the rather low rate of water consumption and the bad quality of water consumed were reflected adversely on hygiene and consequently increased water related diseases. The study concludes that always or sometime 49.5% of the water collectors were children and used animals and plastic containers for water collection and transportation. The conducted laboratory water analysis revealed that the average concentrations of PO4, COD and BOD of the raw wastewater produced by Assalaya Sugar Factory were 4260, 3800 and 1500 mg/l, respectively, these values were above the WHO recommended concentrations for the disposed treated effluent (2, 250 and 30 mg/L respectively). As to physical analysis; the turbidity on the average was higher (540 NTU) and the color was (854 TCU) also high.
These approaches encompass new synthesis and processes as well as new tools for instructing aspiring chemists how to do the chemistry in a more environmentally benign manner. The pros to industry as well as the environment are all a part of the positive impact that Green Chemistry is having in the chemistry community and in the society in general. It is important that chemists develop novel Green Chemistry options even on an incremental basis. While all the elements of the lifecycle of a new chemical or process may not be environmentally benign, it is nonetheless pivotal to improve those stages where improvements can be made. The next phase of assessment can then focus on the elements of the lifecycle that are still in need of the improvement. Even though a new Green Chemistry methodology does not solve at once every problem allied with the lifecycle of a particular chemical or process, the advances that it does make are nonetheless very key. Green Chemistry that mainly possesses the spirit of sustainable development was booming in the 1990s
This document discusses environmental disasters and regulations enacted in response. It provides examples of well-publicized pollution incidents like the Cuyahoga River catching fire and the Bhopal disaster. These incidents helped rally support for environmental laws like the Clean Water Act and Superfund. The document also discusses the growth of environmental regulation over time in response to crises. It introduces the concepts of pollution prevention and green chemistry which aim to reduce hazardous materials and waste from the start.
The document discusses the challenges of achieving a non-toxic environment and proposes key actions to develop a more sustainable chemicals policy. It notes that while regulations aim to keep chemical concentrations below toxic levels, biodiversity continues to decline and human exposures are rising. It argues for intensifying efforts like minimizing chemical releases, banning persistent chemicals, increasing green chemistry and monitoring. The goal is to ultimately reduce both ecological damage and human health impacts from chemicals in the environment.
Green chemistry is chemistry for the environment, including the production and use of less hazardous substances. Green chemistry is a creating new methods of thinking and creating, environmentally.
This document discusses the environmental pollution caused by the large number of garment industries located around Tirupur, Tamil Nadu, India. The effluents from over 750 dyeing and bleaching units, containing various chemicals, are dumped untreated into the Noyyal River. This highly polluted water flows into the Orathapalayam Dam and has contaminated both surface and ground water in the region, rendering the water unfit for drinking or irrigation. Release of water from the dam in 1997 caused significant damage to crops, soil and animals. The dam itself may also collapse due to structural problems caused by the pollution.
This document discusses the 12 principles of green chemistry. It provides definitions of green chemistry as designing chemical products and processes that reduce hazardous substances. The 12 principles are described which focus on preventing waste, maximizing atom economy in reactions, using less hazardous syntheses, designing safer chemicals, using safer solvents and auxiliaries, conducting reactions efficiently, using renewable feedstocks, reducing unnecessary derivatization, using catalysis, designing chemicals for degradation, enabling real-time analysis, and inherently safer chemistry. Examples are given to illustrate principles like designing safer antifoulants, solvent substitution, and renewable polymers and platform chemicals from biomass.
Green chemistry is an area of chemistry focused on designing chemical products and processes that minimize environmental impact and hazardous waste. It aims to prevent pollution at the molecular level through principles like maximizing atom economy in reactions and using renewable, non-toxic reagents. The field emerged in the 1990s in response to problems of chemical pollution and depletion, and seeks to promote sustainability through innovative chemical engineering approaches. Adoption of green chemistry helps protect nature and reduce use of precious resources.
Digital Library of GLT SBM, DL of GLT SBM Green Chemistry is the utilization of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products.
Green chemistry aims to reduce or eliminate the use of hazardous substances in chemical products and processes. It promotes the use of renewable feedstocks, safer solvents and auxiliaries, catalysts over reagents, and design of chemicals that degrade harmlessly after use. The 12 principles of green chemistry provide a framework for designing chemical syntheses and products that are less hazardous to human health and the environment. Green chemistry can help address issues of energy use, global climate change, resource depletion, food supply challenges, and toxic pollution.
Green chemistry – The Chemical Industries' Way To Go GreenTariq Tauheed
At a time when everyone seems to be concerned about the environment, how exactly would the chemical industries play their part? A sneak peek into the fundamentals of how the chemical industries can adapt, and/or restructure.
We need the earth, the
1. Green chemistry looks at preventing pollution on a molecular scale through more environmentally friendly chemical processes and products that reduce hazardous substances.
2. The concept of green chemistry was formally established 25 years ago by the EPA in response to the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990, though the term was coined in 1991 by Paul Anastas.
3. Green chemistry principles include preventing waste, maximizing atom economy in chemical syntheses, using safer and less hazardous chemicals and solvents, designing for energy efficiency, and using renewable rather than depleting feedstocks.
This document outlines a lecture on environmental engineering at the University of Baghdad College of Engineering. It introduces chemical engineering and its role in applying science to industrial processes. The course objectives are to provide an understanding of environmental pollution, its impacts, and prevention/control methods. Recommended textbooks and a weekly schedule are included, covering topics like ecosystems, health effects, pollution types, measurements, and water/air treatment technologies. The introduction defines engineering and chemical engineering, and their applications.
Green chemistry aims to reduce or eliminate the use of hazardous substances in chemical products and processes. It involves applying 12 principles for designing chemical syntheses and products, such as preventing waste, using renewable starting materials, designing for energy efficiency, and developing inherently safer chemicals. Green chemistry is important because it can help address issues like pollution, resource depletion, climate change, and toxic chemicals in the environment through the development of more sustainable chemical technologies.
This document discusses Green Chemistry and its importance in addressing various environmental problems. It begins by defining Green Chemistry as utilizing principles that reduce or eliminate hazardous substances in chemical products and processes. It then discusses the need for Green Chemistry to make chemistry more sustainable given its role in daily life and potential environmental impacts. The 12 principles of Green Chemistry are also outlined, which aim to prevent waste and pollution. The document concludes that Green Chemistry can help address issues like energy generation, resource depletion, global change, food supply, and toxic chemicals in the environment by developing more sustainable chemical solutions.
This document discusses waste management. It defines waste and outlines various regulations related to waste management in India. It describes different types of waste including hazardous and non-hazardous waste. Various methods of waste disposal and their impacts on health and environment are explained. International conventions addressing waste are also summarized. The waste management hierarchy of reduce, reuse and recycle is presented. Various waste treatment technologies like incineration, pyrolysis, gasification and bio-methanation are defined. The document concludes with recommendations for reducing waste, reusing materials, donating excess goods, and educating employees on proper waste management practices.
Green chemistry is the utilization of principles that reduce or eliminate hazardous substances in the design, manufacture, and application of chemical products. It focuses on waste minimization at the source through the use of catalysts instead of reagents, non-toxic reagents, renewable resources, improved atom efficiency, solvent-free or recyclable solvent systems. The goals are to reduce costs, waste, materials, hazards, and energy usage throughout the chemical process.
Environmental Impacts of the liquid waste from Assalaya Sugar Factory in Rabe...IJEAB
The study aimed to assess the environmental health impacts of the liquid waste from Assalaya Sugar Factory, the efficiency of the existing Assalaya effluent treatment plant, the dilution factors available in the White Nile to gather with wastewater environmental impacts. A descriptive cross-sectional focused on the Factory and its neighborhoods. Four hundred and thirty two out of 3931 households were statistically determined as the sample size, the individual samples were picked using multi-stage stratified method 432 households selected as sample size. Data were collected by using structured questionnaires, field observations, laboratory analysis and interviewing the concerned and affected persons. The effluent load discharged from the factory into the Al - jassir canal at the White Nile was analyzed for BOD, COD, pH, PO4, TDS, TSS, Turbidity, Color, and flow rate.The Data were processed by using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16, Chi-square test, test associations and office excel 2007. The study showed that Eighty one percent of the households used the surplus irrigation canal as a source for water supply. 64% of the respondents suffered from diarrhea, vomiting and allergic diseases, the rather low rate of water consumption and the bad quality of water consumed were reflected adversely on hygiene and consequently increased water related diseases. The study concludes that always or sometime 49.5% of the water collectors were children and used animals and plastic containers for water collection and transportation. The conducted laboratory water analysis revealed that the average concentrations of PO4, COD and BOD of the raw wastewater produced by Assalaya Sugar Factory were 4260, 3800 and 1500 mg/l, respectively, these values were above the WHO recommended concentrations for the disposed treated effluent (2, 250 and 30 mg/L respectively). As to physical analysis; the turbidity on the average was higher (540 NTU) and the color was (854 TCU) also high.
These approaches encompass new synthesis and processes as well as new tools for instructing aspiring chemists how to do the chemistry in a more environmentally benign manner. The pros to industry as well as the environment are all a part of the positive impact that Green Chemistry is having in the chemistry community and in the society in general. It is important that chemists develop novel Green Chemistry options even on an incremental basis. While all the elements of the lifecycle of a new chemical or process may not be environmentally benign, it is nonetheless pivotal to improve those stages where improvements can be made. The next phase of assessment can then focus on the elements of the lifecycle that are still in need of the improvement. Even though a new Green Chemistry methodology does not solve at once every problem allied with the lifecycle of a particular chemical or process, the advances that it does make are nonetheless very key. Green Chemistry that mainly possesses the spirit of sustainable development was booming in the 1990s
Similar to FINAL green chemistry 30th august - 2023 (1).pptx (20)
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
1. JAGANNATH BAROOAH COLLEGE ( AUTONOMOUS ) , JORHAT – 01
DEPARTMENTOFCHEMISTRY
TOPIC – GREEN CHEMISTRY
PRESENTED BY –
MADHUSMITA BORAH
SARMISTHA HAZARIKA
RIMPI SAIKIA
RAJASHREE BHUYAN
2. INTRODUCTION:
Green chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the design and
optimization of processes and products in order to lower, or remove
altogether, the production and use and generation of hazardous
products .
Paul Anastas is known as the "Father of Green Chemistry" for his ground-
breaking work on the design and manufacture of chemicals that
are non-hazardous and environmentally benign.
Green chemistry prevents pollution at the source .
3. Green chemistry is also called benign chemistry is at the heart of Industrial Ecology .
GREEN
CHEMISTRY
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
INDUSTRIAL
ECOLOGY
Source :P.T. ANASTAS & J.J. BREEN , J. CLEANER PRODUCTION , 1997
4. Green chemistry is all about -
• Waste
• Materials
• Hazard
• Risk
• Energy
• Cost
6. Green chemistry lowers the potential for global warming, ozone depletion,
and smog formation.
Less chemical disruption of ecosystems.
Green Chemistry reduces the negative impacts of chemical products and
processes on human health and the environment
Using feedstock derived from annually renewable resources or from
abundant waste.
7. Used in the chemical, Pharmaceutical, Paper, Polymer, Clothes and colour
industry .
Plays a key role in different energy science , and the manufacture of innovative
technique to make solar cells, fuel cells, and batteries for storing energy .
Reduces waste to even disposing of waste in correct manner .
8. Chemistry is undeniably a prominent part of our
daily life but it also brings new environment problems
and harmful side effects which result in the need for
greener chemical products .
Some examples include –
Acid rain , Global warming , Chloroflourocarbon ,
Bhopal disaster (1984), Minamata Bay disasters
(1953), Thalidomide Scare (1961), Itai tai disease(1960)
etc.
The pollution reached us to such a level that
different governments made laws to minimise it . This
marked the beginning of green chemistry by the
middle of 20th century.
12. It shows substantial adverse outcomes on human health and
environmenat which can be amended by the use of benign
materials.
Few examples in the trend in green chemistry are—
☆Green Nanochemistry- Utilizes the concepts of green chemistry
and green engineeering .
☆Supramolecular chemistry- Improve reactions which can
proceed in the solid state without the use of solvents.
☆Combinatorial green chemistry - Based on the principle of
making a large number of chemical compounds rapidly on a small
scale in small reaction cells
13. 2
3
4
5
Reduce waste treatment and disposal cost .
Reduce use of petroleum products , slowing their depletion
and avoiding their hazards and price fluctuation .
Lowers level of chemicals released to
environment .
Lowers potential for global warming , ozone
depletion and smog formation .
Plants and animals suffer less harm from toxic chemicals
in the environment .
14. 2
Adequate data on the toxicity of pollutants
substances , chemicals is not available so
that the level of acceptable explosers to be
determined .
Due to unknown characteristics of the
pollutants it becomes problematic if not
possible to fix appropiate levels that
human beings and environment can
tolerate .
15. CONCLUSION -
Chemicals that are less hazardous to human health and
the environment are - Less toxic to organisms , Less
damaging to ecosystems, Not persistent
( bioaccumulative) in organisms or the environment ,
Inherently safer to handle and use because they are not
flammable or explosive .
All over the world , governments and industries are
working with Green Chemists to transform the
economy into a sustainable enterprise .
Green Chemistry may be the next social movement
that will set aside all the world's differences and allow
for the creation of an environmentally commendable
civilisation .
16. REFERENCE -
1.ACS Green Chemistry Initiatives Get Boost from EPA Grant, Chemical
and Engineering News. 1998; 76(33): pp. 47.
2. Ahluwalia, V. K. and Kidwai, M. Green Chemistry: An Innovative
Technology. Foundations of Chemistry. 2005; 7 (3) : pp. 269-289
3. Anastas, P. a nd Warner, J. C. 1998. Green Chemistry, Theory and
Practice, Oxford University Press.