Hazardous waste poses threats to public health and the environment. It is classified based on toxic, reactive, ignitable, corrosive, infectious or radioactive properties. The key features of hazardous waste management include the cradle-to-grave manifest system to track waste transportation and treatment, storage and disposal facilities. Treatment methods include chemical, thermal, and biological processes like incineration and landfarming. Untreated waste requires proper disposal such as in secure landfills or recycling to prevent environmental contamination. The national plan outlines priorities to improve hazardous waste management through prevention, collection, self-sufficiency and minimizing impacts.

1. Hazardous wASTE
MANAGEMENT

2. Hazardous waste is waste that
poses substantial or potential
threats to public health or
the environment
 WHAT IS HAZARDOUS WASTE?

3. Toxic wastes are poisons, even in
very small or trace amounts. They
may have acute effects, causing
death or violent illness, or they
may have chronic effects, slowly
causing irreparable harm
 EFFECTS CAUSE BY HAZARDOUS WASTE
 Hazardous wastes can take the form of solids, liquids,
sludges, or contained gases, and they are generated
primarily by chemical production, manufacturing, and other
industrial activities. They may cause damage during
inadequate storage, transportation, treatment, or disposal
operations. Improper hazardous-waste storage or disposal
frequently contaminates surface and groundwater supplieS.

4. Hazardous wastes are classified
on the basis of their biological,
chemical, and physical properties.
These properties generate
materials that are either toxic,
reactive, ignitable, corrosive,
infectious, or radioactive.
 HAZARDOUS WASTE CHARACTERISTICS

5. Toxic wastes are poisons, even in very small or trace
amounts. They may have acute effects, causing death
or violent illness, or they may have chronic effects,
slowly causing irreparable harm. Some are
carcinogenic, causing cancer after many years of
exposure. Others are mutagenic, causing major
biological changes in the offspring of exposed humans
and wildlife.
 TOXICWASTES

6. Reactivewastesarechemicallyunstableandreactviolentlywithairorwater.They
causeexplosionsorformtoxicvapours. Ignitablewastes burnatrelativelylow
temperaturesandmaycause animmediatefirehazard. Corrosivewastes includestrong
acidicoralkalinesubstances. Theydestroysolidmaterialandlivingtissue upon
contact, bychemicalreaction.
 REACTIVE WASTE

7. . Radioactive wastes emit ionizing energy that can harm living
organisms. Because some radioactive materials can persist in the
environment for many thousands of years before fully decaying,
there is much concern over the control of these wastes. However, the
handling and disposal of radioactive material is not a responsibility
of local municipal government. Because of the scope and complexity
of the problem, the management of radioactive waste—particularly
nuclear fission waste—is usually considered an engineering task
separate from other forms of hazardous-waste management and is
discussed in the article nuclear reactor.
 . Radioactive wastes

8. Paints and solvents
Automotive wastes (used motor oil, antifreeze, etc.)
Pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, etc.)
Mercury-containing wastes
(thermometers, switches, fluorescent lighting, etc.)
Electronics (computers, televisions, cell phones)
Aerosols / Propane cylinders
Caustics / Cleaning agents
Refrigerant-containing appliances
Some specialty Batteries (e.g. lithium, nickel cadmium,
or button cell batteries)
Ammunition
Radioactive waste (some home smoke detectors are
classified as radioactive waste because they contain
very small amounts of a
radioactive isotope of americium - see:Disposing of
Smoke Detectors).
 Household Hazardous Waste

9. MANAGEMENT OF
HAZARDOUS WASTE
PROCESSES

14. In the United States a key feature of regulations pertaining to waste transport is the
“cradle-to-grave” manifest system, which monitors the journey of hazardous waste from its
point of origin to the point of final disposal. The manifest system helps to eliminate the
problem of midnight dumping. It also provides a means for determining the type and
quantity of hazardous waste being generated, as well as the recommended emergency
procedures in case of an accidental spill. A manifest is a record-keeping document that must
be prepared by the generator of the hazardous waste, such as a chemical manufacturer. The
generator has primary responsibility for the ultimate disposal of the waste and must give
the manifest, along with the waste itself, to a licensed waste transporter. A copy of the
manifest must be delivered by the transporter to the recipient of the waste at an authorized
TSDF. Each time the waste changes hands, a copy of the manifest must be signed. Copies of
the manifest are kept by each party involved, and additional copies are sent to appropriate
environmental agencies.
 The manifest system

16. Treatment, storage, and disposal

17. Hazardous waste can be treated by chemical, thermal,
biological, and physical methods. Chemical methods
include ion exchange, precipitation, oxidation and
reduction, and neutralization. Among thermal methods
is high-temperature incineration, which not only can
detoxify certain organic wastes but also can destroy
them. Special types of thermal equipment are used for
burning waste in either solid, liquid, or sludge form.
These include the fluidized-bed incinerator, multiple-
hearth furnace, rotary kiln, and liquid-injection
incinerator. One problem posed by hazardous-waste
incineration is the potential for air pollution.
Biological treatment of certain organic wastes, such as
those from the petroleum industry
 TREATMENT

18. One methodused to treat technique the wasteis carefullyhazardouswastebiologically
is calledlandfarming. In this mixed withsurface soilon a suitable tract of land.
Microbesthat can metabolize the wastemay be added, along withnutrients. In some
cases a geneticallyengineeredspeciesof bacteriais used. Food or forage crops are not
grown on the same site. Microbes can also be usedfor stabilizinghazardous wastes on
previouslycontaminated sites; in that case the process is calledbioremediation.
 LANDFILLING

19. Hazardous wastes that are not destroyed by incineration or
other chemical processes need to be disposed of properly. For
most such wastes, land disposal is the ultimate destination,
although it is not an attractive practice, because of the
Environment risk is involved
Temporary on-site waste storage facilities include open
waste piles and ponds or lagoons. New waste piles must be
carefully constructed over an impervious base and must
comply with regulatory requirements similar to those for
landfills. The piles must be protected from wind dispersion or
erosion.
A common type of temporary storage impoundment for
hazardous liquid waste is an open pit or holding pond, called
a lagoon. New lagoons must be lined with impervious clay
soils and flexible membrane liners in order to protect
groundwater. Leachate collection systems must be installed
between the liners, and groundwater monitoring wells are
required
SURFACE STORAGEAND LANDDISPOSAL

22. Disposal of hazardous waste in unlined pits,
ponds, or lagoons poses a threat to human
health and environmental quality. Many such
uncontrolled disposal sites were used in the
past and have been abandoned. Depending on
a determination of the level of risk, it may be
necessary to remediate those sites. In some
cases, the risk may require emergency action.
In other instances, engineering studies may
be required to assess the situation thoroughly
before remedial action is undertaken
 Remedial action

23. Recycling
Portland cement
Incineration,
destruction and
waste-to-energy.
 Final disposal of hazardous waste

24. Many hazardous wastes can be recycled into new products.
Examples might include lead-acid batteries or electronic
circuit boards. Where the heavy metals these types of ashes
go through the proper treatment, they could bind to other
pollutants and convert them into easier-to-dispose solids, or
they could be used as pavement filling.
Recycling

26. Another commonly used treatment is cement based solidification and
stabilization. Cement is used because it can treat a range of
hazardous wastes by improving physical characteristics and
decreasing the toxicity and transmission of contaminants. The
cement produced is categorized into 5 different divisions, depending
on its strength and components. This process of converting sludge
into cement might include the addition of pH adjustment agents,
phosphates, or sulfur reagents to reduce the settling or curing time,
increase the compressive strength, or reduce the leach ability of
contaminants.
Portland cement

27. Starved air incineration is an
improvement of the traditional
incinerators in terms of air
pollution. Using this technology, it
is possible to control the
combustion rate of the waste and
therefore reduce the air pollutants
produced in the process
• Incineration,
destruction and waste-
to-energy

28. Some hazardous waste types may be eliminated
using pyrolysis in an ultra high temperature electrical arc, in
inert conditions to avoid combustion. This treatment method
may be preferable to high temperature incineration in some
circumstances such as in the destruction of concentrated
organic waste types, including PCBs, pesticides and other
persistent organic pollutants
Pyrolysis

29. The Environmental Protection Agency has prepared a revised National
Hazardous Waste Management Plan for the Republic of Ireland covering a six-
year period from the date of publication (2014-2020). This third Plan is a
revision of the National Hazardous Waste Management Plan 2008 - 2012 and
sets out the priorities to be pursued over the next six years and beyond to
improve the management of hazardous waste, taking into account the progress
made since the previous plan and the waste policy and legislative changes that
have occurred since the previous plan was published.
The objectives of the revised Plan are:
To prevent and reduce the generation of hazardous waste by industry and
society generally;
To maximise the collection of hazardous waste with a view to reducing the
environmental and health impacts of any unregulated waste;
To strive for increased self-sufficiency in the management of hazardous waste
and to minimise hazardous waste export;
To minimise the environmental, health, social and economic impacts of
hazardous waste generation and management.
Revised National
Hazardous Waste
Management Plan

31. THANKING ALL MY TEACHERS AND FRIENDS FOR THEIR
KINDPATIENCE
A PRESENTATIONBY
1.ISHITAMONDOL(ECE/2014/030)
2.SUBHAMMONDOL(ECE/2014/031)
3.SAYANTANCHAKRABORTY(ECE/2014/032)
4.BIKRAMDAS(ECE/2014/044)