The document discusses the definition and components of environment, including biotic and abiotic factors that influence organisms. It also discusses environmentalism as a political and social movement aimed at protecting nature through policies and actions to reduce pollution, fossil fuel use, and promote sustainable resource use and biodiversity conservation. Finally, it provides the definition of ecology as the scientific study of relationships between organisms and their surroundings.

1. SANTOSH KUMAR KAR

2. Word "environment" is most commonly used describing
"natural" environment and means the sum of all living
and non-living things that surround an organism, or
group of organisms. Environment includes both biotic
and abiotic factors that have influence on observed
organism. Abiotic factors such as light, temperature,
water, atmospheric gases combine with biotic factors
(all surrounding living species). Environment often
changes after some time and therefore many organisms
have ability to adapt to these changes. However
tolerance range is not the same with all species and
exposure to environmental conditions at the limit of an
certain organism's tolerance range represents
environmental stress.

3. Environmentalism is very important political and social
movement with goal to protect nature environment by
emphasizing importance of nature role in protection of
the environment in combination with various actions and
policies oriented to nature preservation.
Some of these goals include:
1. To reduce world consumption of fossil fuels
2. To reduce and clean up all sorts of pollution (air, sea,
river...) with future goal of zero pollution
3. Emphasis on clean, alternative energy sources that have
low carbon emissions
4. Sustainable use of water, land, and other scarce
resources
5. Preservation of existing endangered species
6. Protection of biodiversity

4. Ecology (from Greek: ο κοςἶ , "house"; -λογία, "study
of") is the scientific study of the relation of living
organism to each other and their surroundings.
Ecology includes the study of plant and animal
population, plant and animal communities and
ecosystems. Ecologists study a range of living
phenomena from the role of bacteria in nutrient
recycling to the effects of tropical rain forest on
the Earth's atmosphere.

5. life processes and adaptaions
distribution and abundance of organisms
the movement of materials and energy through living
communities
the succenal development of ecosystems, and
the abundance and distribution of biodiversity in
context of the environment.

6. Pollution
 Pollution refers to the release of
substances into the environment that
inconvenience or endanger humans.
 Much of it comes from natural sources.
 Human activity adds more contaminants.
 Industrial activity both harms human
health and disturbs natural ecology.
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7. Human Health
Percent of DALYs
Environmental Health Risk Less
Developed
Countries
Developed
Countries
Water supply and
sanitation
7% 1%
Indoor air pollution 4 0
Urban air pollution 2 1
Agricultural chemicals and
industrial waste
1 2.5
All pollution-related
causes
18 4.5
Health Risks Posed by Major Sources of Environmental Pollution
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8. Primary energy
Nov 12th 2009
From The Economist

9. Industrial Activity, Pollution,
and the Environment
 Today there are nations on every continent
with ambitious development plans that put
industry before environmental protection.
 Much interest today is focused on the
notion of sustainable development.
 There is evidence that environmental
quality in growing economies does not
follow a path of long-term deterioration as in
the old industrial revolution model.
 Environmental Kuznets curve
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12. Ideas Shape Attitudes Toward
the Environment
 Dualism
Power of reason separates us from nature
 Progress
Humans are moving to higher levels of perfection
 Capitalism
Nature is valued as an input of production
 Utilitarianism
Greatest food for the greatest number
• Land Ethic
An ethical duty to humans and nature
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13. An EMS is simply a set of procedures to reduce our
environmental footprint in our day-to-day activities.
An EMS is the combination of people, policies,
procedures, review, and plans to help address
environmental issues.
An EMS is that part of an overall management system
which includes organizational structure, planning
activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures,
processes, and resources for...achieving environmental
policy.
Important EMS elements include continual improvement,
management commitment, formalization, and awareness
of a systems based approach.

14. An EMS brings together the people, policies, plans,
review mechanisms, and procedures used to
manage environmental issues at a facility or in an
organization.

15. Helps maintain compliance
Reduce operating costs
Integrate environmental programs into
mission
Increase employee involvement
Reduce environmental impacts

16. ACT CHECK
DOPLAN

17. Plan
Planning, identifying environmental
aspects and establishing goals
Do
Implementing, includes training and
operational controls
Check
Checking, includes monitoring and
corrective action
Act
Reviewing, includes progress reviews
and acting to make needed changes

18.  Environmental Aspect (Cause) – The elements of an organization’s
activities, products, or services which can interact with the
environment.
 It is important to establish, implement and maintain a procedure
to identify the environmental aspects of activities products and
services that you “can control and …can influence.”
 After identifying environmental aspects you must determine those
which have or can have significant impacts on the environment.
 Examples include: air emissions, water discharges, , use of raw
materials, energy use, use of natural resources, use of volatile
organic compounds.
 Environmental Impact (Effect) – Any change to the environment
whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an
organizations activities, products, or services.
 Examples include: depletion of natural resources, air pollution,
hazardous waste generation, soil and water contamination.

19. Facility Operations (continued)
Aspect: Motor vehicle operations
(Use of oil, rags, antifreeze, tires, and batteries)
Impact: Hazardous waste generation and air pollution
Aspect: Custodial Operations
(Use of cleaning products, paper, water, energy)
Impact: Depletion of natural resources and contamination of
land
Aspect: Grounds Maintenance
Impact: Depletion of natural resources (pesticides, fertilizer,
water use, fossil fuels)

20. Start Reduced
demand
Avoid use
where no need
Lower
requirement
Use lowest possible
quality of energy
Energy conscious
behaviour
Reduced
distribution losses
Organise energy
conscious maintenance
Reduce direct energy
losses (insulation leaks)
Reduce friction
losses in distribution
Avoid mixing energy flows at
different pressure & temp.
Increase component
efficiency
Increase production
efficiency
Reduce component
looses
Recovery of waste
energy
Use natural energy
sources
General principles of an energy efficiency programme

21. Ancient India
The Arthashastra by Kautilya, written as
early as between 321 and 300 BC,
contained provisions meant to regulate a
number of aspects related to the
environment.
The fifth pillar edict of Emperor Ashoka
also contains such regulations
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22. During the British Reign in India:
 Shore Nuisance (Bombay and Kolaba) Act, 1853
 The Indian Penal Code, 1860
 The Indian Easements Act, 1882
 The Fisheries Act, 1897
 The Factories Act, 1897
 The Bengal Smoke Nuisance Act, 1905
 The Bombay Smoke Nuisance Act, 1912
 The Elephant’s Preservation Act, 1879
 Wild Birds and Animals Protection Act, 1912
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23. Modern India
National Council for Environmental Policy and
Planning was set up in 1972 which was later
evolved into Ministry of Environment and Forests
(MoEF) in 1985.
MoEF and the pollution control boards (CPCB
i.e. Central Pollution Control Board and SPCBs
i.e. State Pollution Control Boards) together form
the regulatory and administrative core of the
sector.
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24.  The Policy Statement for Abatement of Pollution and
the National Conservation Strategy and Policy
Statement on Environment and Development were
brought out by the MoEF in 1992.
 The EAP (Environmental Action Programme) was
formulated in 1993 with the objective of improving
environmental services and integrating environmental
considerations into development programmes.
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25. National Environment Policy, 2006
It the first initiative in strategy-formulation for
environmental protection in a comprehensive manner.
It undertakes a diagnosis of the causative factors of
land degradation with a view to flagging the remedial
measures required in this direction.
It recognizes that the relevant fiscal, tariffs and sectoral
policies need to take explicit account of their
unintentional impacts on land degradation.
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26. National Environment Policy, 2006 (contd.)
The solutions offered to tackle the problem comprise
adoption of both, science-based and traditional land-use
practices, pilot-scale demonstrations, large scale
dissemination, adoption of Multi-stakeholder
partnerships, promotion of agro-forestry, organic
farming, environmentally sustainable cropping patterns
and adoption of efficient irrigation techniques.
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27. Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
Atomic Energy Act of 1982
Motor Vehicles Act ,1988
The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (EPA)
The National Environment Appellate Authority Act, 1997
Public Liability Insurance Act (PLIA), 1991
National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995
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