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Warehousing waste management
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- 2. Contents:- Reasons forwarehousing Benefits Warehouse operating principles Types of Warehouse Warehousing strategies Warehouse location strategies Site selection Transport
- 3. Reasons for warehousing:- To support the company’s customer policy. To maintain a source of supply without interruptions. To achieve transportation economies. To support changing market conditions and sudden changes in demand. To support any JIT programs. To provide customers with the right mix of products at all times and all locations. To ensure least logistics cost for a desired level of customer service.
- 4. CONCEPTNeed for storagearises both for raw material as well as finished products STORAGE involves proper management for preserving goods from the time of their production or purchase till actual use. When this storage is done on a large scale and in a specified manner it is called WAREHOUSING.
- 5. MEANING AND DEFINITION Placewhere goods are kept is called WAREHOUSE The person in-charge of warehouse is called WAREHOUSE-KEEPER A commercial building for storage of goods Used by manufacturers, importers,
- 6. definition Warehousing refersto the activities involving storage of goods on a large-scale in a systematic and orderly manner and making them available conveniently when needed. Means holding or preserving goods in huge quantities from the time of their purchase or production till their actual use or sale. Creates time utility by bridging the time gap between production and consumption of goods
- 7. BASIC FUNCTIONS PERFORMED Storagefunction Performed by storing products in the warehouse till delivery to ultimate consumer Movement function Receipt of products from manufacturing plant Transfer into the warehouse Placement at designated place Regrouping products Transferring on transport vehicle
- 8. NEED AND IMPORTANCE QUALITY STOCKOF TRADE PRICE STABILISATION SEASONAL PRODUCTS PERISHABLE GOODS CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION SEASONAL DEMAND
- 9. LARGE-SCALE PRODUCTION QUICK SUPPLY PROTECTIONAND PRESERVATION OF GOODS EASY HANDLING USEFUL FOR SMALL BUSINESSES CREATION OF EMPLOYMENT FACILITATES SALE OF GOODS AVAILABILITY OF FINANCE
- 10. BASIC REASONS FORNEED OF WAREHOUSE RAW MATERIALS WORK-IN-PROGRESS COSUMABLE STORES AND SPARES READY-MADE COMPONENTS FINISHED GOODS
- 11. CHARACTERISTICS OF IDEAL WAREHOUSESCONVENIENT LOCATION AVAILABILITY OF MECHANICAL APPLIANCES TO LOAD AND UNLOAD GOODS ADEQUATE SPACE COLD STORAGE FACILITIES PROPER ARRANGEMENT FOR PROTECTION SUFFICIENT PARKING SPACE ROUND THE CLOCK SECURITY ARRANGEMENT LATEST FIRE FIGHTING EUIPMENTS
- 12. FUNCTIONSSTORAGE OF GOODS PROTECTION OF GOODS RISKBEARING IDENTIFICATION OF GOODS FINANCING PROCESSING
- 13. DESIGN CONSIDERATION Ideal Facilityfor Pure Supplier Consolidation (Full Pallet Movement) Warehouse Space Requirements
- 14. WAREHOUSE PROCESS Put-away •Identify Product •IdentifyProduct Location •Move Products •Update Records Storage •Equipment •Stock Location – Popularity – Unit Size – Cube Shipping Preparation •Packing •Labeling •Stacking Order Picking •Information •Walk & Pick •Batch Picking Shipping •Schedule Carrier •Load Vehicle •Bill of Loading •Record Update RECEIVING •Schedule Carrier •Unload Vehicle •Inspect for damage INP UT OUT PUT
- 15. • Capital costs —Costs of space & materials handling equipment • Operating costs — Cost of labor — Measure of labor productivity is the number of units that an operator can move in a day COSTS OF OPERATING A WAREHOUSE
- 16. WAREHOUSE ACTIVITIES • Receivegoods • Identify the goods • Dispatch goods to storage • Hold goods Pick goods Marshal shipment Dispatch shipment
- 17. • Accepts goodsfrom ‒ Outside transportation or attached factory & accepts responsibility • Check the goods against an order & the bill of loading • Check the quantities • Check for damage & fill out damage reports if necessary • Inspect goods if required Receive goods
- 18. ‒ items areidentified with the appropriate stock- keeping unit (SKU) number (part number) & the quantity received recorded Identify the goods Dispatch goods to storage ‒ goods are sorted & put away Hold goods ‒ goods are kept in storage & under proper protection until needed
- 19. TYPES OF WAREHOUSES PRIVATE WAREHOUSES PUBLIC WAREHOUSES GOVERNMENT WAREHUOSES CO-OPERATIVE WAREHOUSES BONDED WAREHOUSES DISRIBUTION CENTERSOR WAREHOUSES COLD STORAGE EXPORT AND IMPORT CLIMATE – CONTROLLED FIELD WAREHOUSE S AGRICULTURAL WAREHOUSES
- 20. 1. PRIVATE HOUSES OPERATED by a company for shipping and storing its own products OWNED AND MANAGED- manufacturers or traders CONSTRUCTION- Farmers near their fields, Wholesalers and Retailers near their business centre's and Manufacturers near their factories COMPANIES – Stable inventory levels and long run expectations SUITABILITY- Firms that require special handling and storage features and want to control design and operation of the warehouse
- 21. 2. PUBLIC WAREHOUSES Provide storage and physical distribution services on rental basis Used by SMALL FIRMS and LARGE FIRMS Organizes to provide storage facilities to traders, manufacturers, agriculturists in return for a storage charge Licensed by Govt. In India OWNED and OPERATED – Central Warehousing Corporation and State Warehousing Corporation SUITABILTY – seasonal production or low volume storage needs, companies with inventories maintained in many locations, firms entering new markets OWNER –stands as an agent of goods
- 22. 3. GOVERNMENT WAREHOUSES OWNED, MANAGED AND CONTROLLED -Central or State Governments or public corporations or local authorities EXAMPLES- Central Warehousing Corporation of India, State Warehousing Corporation and Food Corporation of India If customer cannot pay rent within specified time authority can recover rent disposing of goods 4. CO-OPERATIVE WAREHOUSES • Owned, Managed and Controlled – Co-operative societies • Facilities at most economical rates to members • Located-Punjab, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Andhra
- 23. 5. BONDED WAREHOUSES Licensed to accept imported goods for storage before payment of customs duty Imported merchandise is stored and released only after payment of appropriate taxes Cigarettes, Liquor, Other products are stored Owned and Operated – PORT TRUSTS Acts in two capacities viz LANDLORD and BAILEE OF GOODS As landlord provides storage facilities on rent As bailee of goods take reasonable care to handle and store goods as it has lien on goods under care for charges of its services Owner can sell goods wholly or in part by endorsing a warrant Facilitate enterpot trade- importer need not pay the import duty
- 24. 6. DISTRIBUTION CENTERS/ WAREHOUSES Designed to move goods Large and highly automated Receive goods from various plants and suppliers, take orders, fill them efficiently deliver to customers quickly Located near the market owned or leased by manufacturers Access to transport networks 7. COLD STORAGE Preserve perishability of goods against payment of a storage charge Temperature variation is controlled to degree necessary for certain sensitive items
- 25. 8. EXPORT ANDIMPORT WAREHOUSES LOCATION –near ports where international trade is undertaken Storage facilities for goods awaiting onward movements Facilities- packaging , inspection, marking etc 9. CLIMATE-CONTROLLED WAREHOUSE Handle storage of many products including need special handling conditions Freezers for frozen products, humidity controlled environment for delicate products, produce or flowers, etc
- 26. 10. FIELD WAREHOUSES MANAGED- Public Warehousing Agency in the premises of a factory or company which needs facility for borrowing from a bank against certification of goods in storage or in process by an independent professional warehouse man. 11. AGRICULTURAL WAREHOUSES Store agricultural produce grown in a certain area Location – Assembling or regulated markets Receive agricultural commodities either directly from farmers or through their commission agents or from wholesalers Encourage speculative trading
- 27. WAREHOUSE OPERATIONS PUBLIC WAREHOUSING- Client payingfee PRIVATE WAREHOUSE – Single manufacturer LEASED WAREHOUSING- Stable inventory CONTRACT WAREHOUSING – Clients pay fees
- 28. Benefits of warehousing:- Consolidation. Break bulk warehouse. Processing / Postponement. Stockpiling.
- 29. Warehouse Operating Principles:- ThreePrinciples are: 1) Design criteria: a) Number of stories in the facility, b) Height utilization, c) Product flow
- 30. Warehouse Operating Principles:- 2)Handling technology a) Movement continuity, b) Movement scale economies. 3) Storage plan
- 31. The Warehouse locationstrategies:- 1) Market positioned: a) Order Cycle time b) Transportation cost c) Sensitivity of the product d) Order sizes 2) Product positioned: a) Perishability of the raw materials b) Number of products in the product mix c) Assortments ordered by the customers from the product mix d) Transportation consolidation rates 3) Intermediately positioned:
- 32. Site Selection:- Locationof the major markets. Nature of the products being distributed. Quality & Variety of carriers serving the proposed site. Quality & Quantity of labour available. Cost of industrial land.
- 33. Warehouse Layout:- Layoutof a warehouse depends on the proposed material handling system and requires development of a floor plan to facilitate product flow. If pallets are to be utilized, the first step is to determine the pallet size. Pilferage Protection:- Protection against theft of merchandise has become a major factor in warehouse operation
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- 35. Transport Fundamentals:- Transportinvolves Equipment People Decisions When deciding the transport mode for a given product there are several things to consider: Mode price Transit time and variability (reliability) Potential for loss or damage.
- 36. •Air •Rapidly growing segmentof transportation industry •Lightweight, small items •Quick, reliable, expensive •Rail •Low cost, high-volume •Improving flexibility •intermodal service Single-mode Service Choices and Issues:-
- 37. Contd… Road : •Company has flexibility of deciding the drop points . • The operation can be 24 x 7 • The risk of Industrial action is minimized. • Insurance, Claims on truckers are quite streamlined. • Ropeways:- • Only for solid. • Can work in long and deep valleys in between. • Suitable for ropeways buckets.
- 38. •Water •Low-cost, high-volume, slow •Bulky,heavy and/or large items •Combined with trucking & rail for complete systems •International trade •Pipeline •Primarily for oil & refined oil products •Slurry lines carry coal or kaolin •High capital investment •Low operating costs • Low product losses Contd…
- 39. Transport Cost Characteristics:- Fixed costs: Transport equipment Carrier administration Roadway acquisition and maintenance Variable costs: Fuel Labor Equipment maintenance Handling, pickup & delivery, taxes
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- 41. What are Wastes?Waste(also known as rubbish, refuse, garbage, junk) is unwanted or useless materials. In biology, waste is any of the many unwanted substances expelled from living organisms, metabolic waste; such as urea and sweat.
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- 45. Solid Waste Solidwastes are all the wastes arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid and that are discarded as useless or unwanted. The term refuse, is often used interchangeably with the term solid wastes.
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- 47. Classification of MaterialComprising Municipal Solid Waste
- 48. Types of SolidWastes Solid wastes are generally classified in three general categories Municipal Wastes Industrial Wastes Hazardous Wastes
- 49. Municipal Wastes MunicipalWastes Include waste from residential, commercial, open areas such as parks, streets, playgrounds etc. and treatment plant waste these include wastes such as, garbage, rubbish, ashes, demolition and construction wastes, special wastes, treatment plant wastes, principally composed of residual sludges.
- 50. Industrial Wastes Industrialwastes are those wastes arising from industrial activities and typically include rubbish, ashes, demolition and construction wastes, special wastes and hazardous wastes.
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- 53. Solid Waste Management The solid waste management has the following components: Identification of waste and its minimization at the source Collection, segregation and storage at the site of collection Transportation Treatment Energy recovery
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- 55. Identification of Wasteand its Minimization at the Source
- 56. Treatment of SolidWaste The waste has to be treated before disposal for the protection of environment. In the treatment the biodegradable waste can be processed by composting, vermi- composting, anaerobic digestion or any other appropriate biological processing for stabilization of waste. In any case the solid waste should be reduced in quantity at the source, segregated, then carefully transported and the economically treated before the final disposal.
- 57. Treatment of SolidWaste
- 59. Home, Swacch Citythen Swacch Bharat Cleanliness starts from YOU 'MISSION SWACCH BHARAT' (CLEAN INDIA)
- 60. Solid Waste Managementat Community Level
- 61. The program aimsto make India a clean country
- 63. Organize different awareness programmes oncleanliness and senitation Construction of toilets in schools and public places Programmes to eliminate open defecation
- 64. Make people aware aboutthe health issues raised because of open defecation Solid and liquid waste management And take all these initiatives to the rural India also
- 65. Pledge with usto make a stink free India