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Volume and Surface Area
The surface area of a three-dimensional figure is the area that would be
covered if the surface were “peeled” off the figure and laid flat. It is
measured in square units (just like any other area measure).


The volume is the measure of cubic units in a three-dimensional figure.

A cubic unit is a cube that is one unit long in each of the three dimensions.
Box
The surface area of a box --- also known as a rectangular parallelepiped ---
is the sum of the areas of the six sides
S     2lh 2lw 2hw

                                                     h


                                                 w

                                l

    The volume of a box is the product of the three dimensions.
     V       l   w h
Right Circular Cylinder
    The surface area of a right circular cylinder --- the shape of a soup can or
    soda can --- is the sum of the areas of the top, the bottom and the side. Th
    area of the side is the height of the cylinder times the distance around the
    cylinder.
                                           r
Area of top = area of bottom=                   S = 2 r2 + 2 rh
 r2
                                        h
Area of side =
2 rh


    The volume of a cylinder equals the area of the base times the height.

    V=    r 2h
Right Circular Cone
The surface area of a right circular cone --- the shape of a witch’s hat or an ice
cone --- is the sum of the areas of the base of the cone and the side of the con
Area of base =                                   S=    r2 +   r√r2 + h2
 r2
                                       h
Area of side =
 r√r2 + h2                              r



The volume of a right circular cone is 1/3 times the area of the base times the

V = 1/3   r 2h
Sphere
To picture the surface area of a sphere imagine peeling an orange and flatte
the peel on a table. The area covered would be the surface area of that sph

S = 4 r2       Note this is the area of 4 circles with radius r.


                                       r




The formula for the volume of a sphere is

V = 4/ 3 r 3
Pyramids
A pyramid is a three-dimensional figure with a polygon as its base and isoscele
triangles as its sides. For any pyramid if B represents the area of its base and
the height of the pyramid its volume equals 1/3 times the area of the base time
the height.

V = 1/3Bh

                      h




        rectangular                        pentagonal
        pyramid                            pyramid
Application
A rectangular office building measures 57 yds. by 36 yds. and is 28 stories
high. If there are 3.5 yds. per story what is the volume of the building?
Application
The materiel to make an aluminum soda can costs $0.01
per square inch. How much does it cost to make a soda can
5 in. high and 2.5 in. in diameter?
                          2.5 in.



                                      What is the volume
                           5 in.      of the can?
Application
You work at a local ice cream parlor making waffle cones. If a finished cone
6 in. high and has a base diameter of 4 in. what is the surface area of the con
(not including the area of the base)?




  If you fill the cone with soft ice cream topped with a hemisphere of soft ice
  cream what is the volume of the ice cream?
Application
The Transamerica Tower in San Francisco is a pyramid with a square base
Each side of the base is 52 meters and the height is 260 meters. What is t
volume of the Transamerica Tower?
Polyhedrons
A polyhedron is a 3-dimensional figure whose sides or faces are polygo

Regular polyhedrons have faces which are all the same regular polygon
  all equilateral triangles
  all squares
  all regular pentagons

There are only 5 known regular polyhedrons:
  Tetrahedron --- 4 sides --- all equilateral triangles
  Hexahedron --- 6 sides --- all squares
  Octahedron --- 8 sides --- all equilateral triangles
  Dodecahedron --- 12 sides --- all regular pentagons
  Icosahedron --- 20 sides --- all equilateral triangles
Prisms
A prism is a three-dimensional figure that has two of its faces in parallel plan
These faces are congruent polygons. The rest of its faces are parallelogram
formed by connecting (drawing a line between) corresponding vertices of th
two congruent polygons.




      triangular                                trapezoidal
      prism                                     prism

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Volume and surface area

  • 1. Volume and Surface Area The surface area of a three-dimensional figure is the area that would be covered if the surface were “peeled” off the figure and laid flat. It is measured in square units (just like any other area measure). The volume is the measure of cubic units in a three-dimensional figure. A cubic unit is a cube that is one unit long in each of the three dimensions.
  • 2. Box The surface area of a box --- also known as a rectangular parallelepiped --- is the sum of the areas of the six sides S 2lh 2lw 2hw h w l The volume of a box is the product of the three dimensions. V l w h
  • 3. Right Circular Cylinder The surface area of a right circular cylinder --- the shape of a soup can or soda can --- is the sum of the areas of the top, the bottom and the side. Th area of the side is the height of the cylinder times the distance around the cylinder. r Area of top = area of bottom= S = 2 r2 + 2 rh r2 h Area of side = 2 rh The volume of a cylinder equals the area of the base times the height. V= r 2h
  • 4. Right Circular Cone The surface area of a right circular cone --- the shape of a witch’s hat or an ice cone --- is the sum of the areas of the base of the cone and the side of the con Area of base = S= r2 + r√r2 + h2 r2 h Area of side = r√r2 + h2 r The volume of a right circular cone is 1/3 times the area of the base times the V = 1/3 r 2h
  • 5. Sphere To picture the surface area of a sphere imagine peeling an orange and flatte the peel on a table. The area covered would be the surface area of that sph S = 4 r2 Note this is the area of 4 circles with radius r. r The formula for the volume of a sphere is V = 4/ 3 r 3
  • 6. Pyramids A pyramid is a three-dimensional figure with a polygon as its base and isoscele triangles as its sides. For any pyramid if B represents the area of its base and the height of the pyramid its volume equals 1/3 times the area of the base time the height. V = 1/3Bh h rectangular pentagonal pyramid pyramid
  • 7. Application A rectangular office building measures 57 yds. by 36 yds. and is 28 stories high. If there are 3.5 yds. per story what is the volume of the building?
  • 8. Application The materiel to make an aluminum soda can costs $0.01 per square inch. How much does it cost to make a soda can 5 in. high and 2.5 in. in diameter? 2.5 in. What is the volume 5 in. of the can?
  • 9. Application You work at a local ice cream parlor making waffle cones. If a finished cone 6 in. high and has a base diameter of 4 in. what is the surface area of the con (not including the area of the base)? If you fill the cone with soft ice cream topped with a hemisphere of soft ice cream what is the volume of the ice cream?
  • 10. Application The Transamerica Tower in San Francisco is a pyramid with a square base Each side of the base is 52 meters and the height is 260 meters. What is t volume of the Transamerica Tower?
  • 11. Polyhedrons A polyhedron is a 3-dimensional figure whose sides or faces are polygo Regular polyhedrons have faces which are all the same regular polygon all equilateral triangles all squares all regular pentagons There are only 5 known regular polyhedrons: Tetrahedron --- 4 sides --- all equilateral triangles Hexahedron --- 6 sides --- all squares Octahedron --- 8 sides --- all equilateral triangles Dodecahedron --- 12 sides --- all regular pentagons Icosahedron --- 20 sides --- all equilateral triangles
  • 12. Prisms A prism is a three-dimensional figure that has two of its faces in parallel plan These faces are congruent polygons. The rest of its faces are parallelogram formed by connecting (drawing a line between) corresponding vertices of th two congruent polygons. triangular trapezoidal prism prism