1. The document describes a study conducted by students to extract DNA from onion cells and chicken liver cells using a conventional method. 2. The methodology involved preparing the onion and chicken liver samples, then grinding or blending the samples with a salt, water and detergent solution. The mixtures were then filtered, heated, and poured into ethanol to isolate the DNA strands. 3. Under a microscope, the students were able to observe DNA strands extracted from both the onion and chicken liver cells using this simple, low-cost conventional method without hazardous chemicals.

1. EXTRACTION OF DNA FROM
ONION CELL AND CHICKEN LIVER
BY:
NUR SHUHADA NABILLA BINTI MOHD YUNUS
NUR LAILI BINTI YEOP IDRIS
RAIHAN IZZATI BINTI ROSANIZAN
NUR ATIELIA BINTI PRESHAHDIN
NURUL AFIFA BINTI ABDUL RAHMAN
SUPERVISOR:
DR. ZAKIAH BINTI NOR HASHIM

2. PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.Can we observed DNA strand with naked eyes?
2. Can we obtained the DNA strand by using
conventional method?

3. HYPOTHESIS
Conventional method is more reliable
compared to various commercial offerings

4. INTRODUCTION
DNA : Deoxyribonucleic acid, self replicating
material present in nearly all living
organisms, as the main constituents of
chromosomes and carrier of genetic
information.
DNA Extraction: Removal of
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from cells of
sample.
General Structure:
• Double helix (composed of 2 chain)
• Strands of nucleotide held together by
hydrogen bond

5. Background of study
DNA is present in every cell of plants and
animals
The long and thick
fibers of DNA
Can be extracted
using common,
everyday materials
Extraction buffer

6. OBJECTIVES
1. To learn the steps of preparing chicken liver and onion
cell for DNA extraction.
2. To understand the general structure of these living
tissues.
3. To extract DNA from cells at a simple, reasonable cost
and no hazardous chemicals are involved by using
conventional method.

7. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
1. Can gain foundation knowledge for lesson in biology,
evolution, and biotechnology and health technology.
2. Conventional method able to produce high yield, less
time consuming and reliability of the analysis should
be maximal, while minimizing the risk of
contamination

8. LITERATURE REVIEW

9. Titles References Methods
DNA extraction Karen, 1999 • “DNA Extraction” are to isolate DNA from
plant and animal cells.
• Serves as a spectacular example of the
complexity of biochemical structure
DNA extraction
from animal and
plant tissues
Karen, 1999 • Plant genomic DNA is more difficult to
extract.
• The metabolites present in the plant cell
may interfere with genomic DNA
extraction.
Methods of DNA
extraction
Shepherd, 2002 • Several commercial kits are available that
allow rapid and reliable isolation of total
DNA from a wide of variety of plant species
and tissues.
Estimation of DNA
quantity
K.K Vinod, 2004 • Most DNA extracts are not reasonably pure
and therefore estimates of concentration
using spectrophotometric measurements
of UV absorption may be misleading.

10. METHODOLOGY
Preparation of DNA extraction of chicken
liver cell
Preparation of DNA extraction of
onion cell

11. Preparation of DNA extraction of onion cell
Chopped the
onion
Poured water, salt
and detergent
Poured the
solution
into the
blender
Heat the mixtureFiltered heated mixture
Poured the sample
into ethanol

12. Preparation of DNA extraction of chicken liver cell
Grind the chicken liver Poured the water,
salt and detergent
Stir the
mixture
well
Filtered the mixturePoured mixture into ethanol
The DNA strand observed

13. Chicken liver cell DNA strand
result
Under 10x magnification

14. Onion cell DNA strand
results

15. CONCLUSION
1. We are able to learnt the steps of
preparing chicken liver and onion cell for
DNA extraction.
2. The general structure of these living
tissues were well defined.
3. We are able to extract DNA from cells at a
simple, reasonable cost and no hazardous
chemicals are involved by using
conventional method.

16. RECOMMENDATION
1. Spectrophotometer
 To measure the purity of the DNA extraction
2. Agarose gel electrophoresis
 Separation of DNA fragments according to
size, based on movement, through a gel
medium when an electric field is applied.

17. The End