MITOSIS
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Mitosis is the process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. It involves the equal distribution of genetic material and occurs in four main stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Cytokinesis is the final step of cell division where the cytoplasm divides forming two separate cells. In animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms at the cell membrane and contracts to separate the cytoplasm. In plant cells, a cell plate forms between the two daughter nuclei and a cell wall develops, dividing the cell.
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This document discusses the cell cycle and cell division processes of mitosis and meiosis. It provides details on the stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle including interphase and the M phase. Interphase consists of G1, S, and G2 phases where the cell grows and duplicates its DNA. The M phase encompasses mitosis and cytokinesis to divide the cell. Mitosis divides the nucleus to produce two identical daughter cells, while meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half to form gametes during sexual reproduction.
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This document discusses cell division through the processes of mitosis and meiosis. It begins by explaining the importance and purpose of cell division in regular body cells through mitosis. It then describes the main phases of mitosis - interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. Next, it discusses why cells divide, relating to the ratio of surface area to volume as cells grow. Finally, it provides an overview of meiosis, which occurs in sex cells and involves two cell divisions to reduce the chromosome count and ensure genetic diversity between offspring.
Cell cycle
Cells divide through the processes of mitosis and cytokinesis in order to grow, repair damaged cells, and replace old cells. Mitosis involves the phases of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase where chromosomes are duplicated and separated. Cytokinesis then splits the cell into two daughter cells. Cell division is regulated internally and externally to control the cell cycle. Uncontrolled cell growth can lead to cancer if cells do not respond to regulatory signals and divide uncontrollably. Differentiated cells develop from stem cells during embryonic development and growth.
Genome mosaicism
This presentation is fetures the basic introduction to Genome mosaicism in humans and nature, with some examples of its harmful effects on humans, with
Cell division-mitosis-meiosis-1225581257073362-9
This document discusses cell division through the processes of mitosis and meiosis. It begins by explaining the basic phases and purpose of mitosis in regular body cells: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis. Cells undergo mitosis to grow and multiply while maintaining an identical set of chromosomes. The document then covers meiosis, which occurs in gamete cells and involves two cell divisions to reduce the chromosome count, ensuring genetic diversity between offspring while maintaining the species' overall chromosome number. In summary, mitosis and meiosis are the two types of cell division that allow organisms to grow, repair tissues, and sexually reproduce.
2b. Mitosis - PowerPoint.pdf
This document summarizes cell division through mitosis and its role in the growth and development of eukaryotic organisms. It describes that mitosis produces two daughter cells that are identical to the original parent cell through an orderly process of DNA replication followed by nuclear and cellular division. The key stages of mitosis - prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase - are outlined as well as the importance of mitosis in maintaining the surface area to volume ratio of cells as organisms grow.
cell types.ppt
This document discusses different types of animal cell culture techniques and cell lines. There are three main types of culture techniques: organ culture, explant culture, and disaggregation of tissue into individual cells. Cell cultures are described based on their origin (primary, extended, or established cell lines) and growth pattern (suspension or adherent). Primary cultures have limited growth and lifespan while established cell lines can grow indefinitely. Transformed cell lines are derived from tumors and grow autonomously without dependence on growth factors. Common adherent and suspension cell lines from different species and tissues are listed along with their morphologies.
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Chapter 4-cell division, mitosis, DNA, protein production
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The document discusses the concepts of underdetermination, observation, and the relationship between theory and observation in science. It defines underdetermination as situations where the available evidence is insufficient to identify the correct belief and there are at least two alternative theories that fit the data. It also defines observation and discusses its importance in science as the source of empirical evidence and in establishing objectivity. However, it notes that observation is theory-laden and influenced by the theoretical expectations of the observer. The relationship between theory and observation is described as reciprocal - theories guide what is observed and interpreted, but observations can also lead to changes in theories.
Goals of marriage counseling updated
Marriage counseling is a type of psychotherapy that aims to help married or established couples resolve relationship problems. It typically involves both partners attending counseling sessions together to discuss issues. Common reasons for seeking marriage counseling include communication problems, conflicts over child rearing or blended families, financial difficulties, infidelity, and sexual issues. The main goals of marriage counseling are to help couples learn to communicate constructively, effectively disagree, uncover larger underlying issues, change bad habits and patterns, and build or rebuild trust.
Viva DNA Extraction
1. The document describes a study conducted by students to extract DNA from onion cells and chicken liver cells using a conventional method.
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ENT300 Bread & Buns Presentation
so, obviously this is only our sharing. FYI, we are not from Business Faculty but yeah. you can always refer to this for reference
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This document describes an experiment using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) to determine the amount of calcium (Ca) in a sample. The objectives are to operate the flame AAS instrument, plot a standard calibration curve for Ca using standard solutions of varying concentrations, and then use the calibration curve to determine the Ca concentration in an unknown sample. The procedure involves preparing standard Ca solutions of known concentrations from a stock solution and measuring their absorbance on the AAS. An unknown sample is also analyzed to determine its Ca concentration from the calibration curve.
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The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
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Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
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3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
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MITOSIS
- 1. NAME ID NURQISTINA FARZANA BINTI CHE MANSOR 2016354493 NUR SYAZA AMANINA BINTI ABDUL RAHIM 2016332101 NORSHAZLEEN BINTI MOHD ROSLI 2016309993 RAIHAN IZZATI BINTI ROSANIZAN 2016376525
- 3. Process where a single cell divided into two identical daughter cell by (cell division) Distribution of identical genetic materials Rudolf Virchow, German physician, says in 1855: “Where a cell exist, there must be a pre-existing cell, just as the animal arises from animal and plant only from plant” For growth, replace worn out cell Mistake can lead to genetic disorder Some cells once fully formed do not undergo cell division, nerve cell and muscle cell- once they are matured
- 4. Basic cell parts involved in mitosis: 1. Cell Membrane 2. Nucleus 3. Centrioles 4. Microtubules
- 5. 4 Stages of Mitosis • PROPHASE-Pro’s are first • METHAPHASE- Middle; chromosomes align in the middle • ANAPHASE-Apart; chromosomes pulled apart • TELOPHASE- Two nuclei
- 14. Definition of cytokinesis - The cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells
- 15. Process of Cytokinesis in Animals cell and Plant cell
- 16. Differences between Cytokinesis in Animal cell and Plant cell