This document describes extracting DNA from onions. It discusses that DNA is found in the nucleus and mitochondria of cells, surrounded by membranes that can be broken down using detergent. The author's hypothesis is that mixing DNA with salt, ethanol, and detergent would allow extraction and visualization of onion DNA. The procedure involves blending onion pieces and extracting the DNA mixture using the specified chemicals, which successfully allowed the author to extract and view onion DNA.

1. Extracting DNA from
onions
Dr : Tahsin Shoala
EMAN Mohamed

2. - A L L O F U S K N O W T H A T “ D N A ” , O R
D E O X Y R I B O N U C L E I C A C I D , I S T H E
H E R E D I T A R Y M A T E R I A L I N H U M A N S
A N D O T H E R O R G A N I S M S I N C L U D I N G
P L A N T S .
- M O S T D N A I S L O C A T E D I N T H E C E L L
N U C L E U S ( W H E R E I T I S C A L L E D
N U C L E A R D N A ) , B U T A S M A L L A M O U N T
O F D N A C A N A L S O B E F O U N D I N T H E
M I T O C H O N D R I A ( W H E R E I T I S C A L L E D
M I T O C H O N D R I A L D N A O R M T D N A ) .
Perface

3. DNA is surrounded by
nuclear membrane , cell
membrane and cell wall
,as well, in plant cells .
- I Observed that :
1- DNA is found in the
nucleus of membrane-
bound cells. The
membranes are lipid and
protein in composition.
It could be broken down
using laundry detergent .
2- DNA is a polymer
made up of repeating
chains of nucleotides.
The sugar and phosphate
components of DNA (the
backbone) are both
readily soluble in water.

4. Cont
3-The phosphate groups on the outside of DNA carry a
negative charge. These negative charges are attracted
to and are neutralized by cations such as sodium.
When sodium is added to DNA it forms a protective
"shell" around it. On the other hand, protein
molecules precipitate from solution in the presence
of salt.
4- DNA is insoluble in ethanol (ethyl alcohol). As
ethanol is added to a solution containing DNA, the
DNA will come out of solution and stick to whatever
is around.

5. Hypothesis
" If I could mix DNA with NaCl salt , Ethanol and
laundary detergent Then i could extract DNA and see
it clearly .“
- And from this point I decided to conduct an
experiment to extract the DNA from “Plant tissue”
- I choose “Onion” for my experiment as its cost ,
abundance and low starch content .

6. Apparatus
1- Onions .
2- Ethanol.
3- Dish washing liquid.
4- NaCl Salt.
5- test tubes.
6- Beakers.
7- Water.
8-cutting board / funnel.
Water bath.9-
10- knife.
11- blender.

7. procedure
# I do procedure as
indicated in the
picture …

8. conclusion
I could extract DNA as indicated :Now