This document discusses the fat soluble vitamins - vitamins A, D, E, and K. It provides details on the active forms, functions, deficiency symptoms, sources, and recommended daily allowances of each vitamin. Vitamin A supports vision, growth, reproduction and gene expression. Vitamin D facilitates calcium absorption. Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant. Vitamin K is important for blood clotting. All four vitamins are obtained through foods like liver, fish, eggs, and various plants.

1. FAT SOLUBLEFAT SOLUBLE
VITAMINSVITAMINS
Dr Ayyub Patel, PhD CChem MRSC FRSC
Assistant Professor, Medicine KKU KSA

2. Lipid (FAT) solubleLipid (FAT) soluble VitaminsVitamins
Retinoic acid -Vitamin ARetinoic acid -Vitamin A

3. Retinoic acid (Vitamin A)Retinoic acid (Vitamin A)
• Active forms: Retinol, Retinal & Retinoic acid
• Functions: Maintenance of reproduction
Vision
Promotion of growth
Differentiation & maintenance of
epithelial tissues
Gene expression
• Deficiency: impotence, night blindness, retardation of
growth, xerophthalmia
• Signs & Symptoms: Dryness of cornea

4. Vitamin A- FunctionsVitamin A- Functions

5. Retinoic acid (Vitamin A)Retinoic acid (Vitamin A)
• Source: Liver, kidney, cream, butter, and egg yolk.
Yellow and dark green vegetables are good source of
the carotenes ( precursor of vitamin A )
• RDA: 800 – 1000 RE (retinol equivalents)
1 RE = 1 mg of retinol or
= 6 mg of β carotene

6. Cholecalciferol - Vitamin DCholecalciferol - Vitamin D

7. Cholecalciferol - Vitamin DCholecalciferol - Vitamin D
• Other Names: Ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol
• Active form: 1,25-Dihydroxy-cholecalciferol
• Function: Calcium uptake
• Deficiency: Rickets in children
Osteomalacia in adults
Sign and symptom: Soft, pliable bones

8. Cholecalciferol - VitaminCholecalciferol - Vitamin
DD
• Source: Fatty fish, liver egg yolk, milk
• RDA: 5 mg cholecalciferol OR
200 IU of vitamin D

10. αα Tocopherol - Vitamin ETocopherol - Vitamin E

11. αα Tocopherol - Vitamin ETocopherol - Vitamin E
• Active form: several derivatives of tocopherols
• Function: Antioxidant
• Deficiency: Rare
• Sign and symptom: red cell fragility leads to hemolytic
anemia
• Source: Vegetable oils,(good source) liver, eggs
• RDA: 8 – 10 mg/day

12. Vitamin KVitamin K

13. Phylloquinone –Vitamin KPhylloquinone –Vitamin K
• Active forms: Menadione, menaquinone, &
phylloquinone
• Function: γ-Carboxylation of glutamate residue in clotting
and other proteins
• Deficiency: Rare in adults
• Sign and symptom: bleeding in children
• Source: Cabbage, cauliflower, spinch, egg yolk and liver
• RDA: 70 – 140 mg/day