Not mine by pdst

1. 1
FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS
Vitamins A,D,E,K
• Functions
• Effects of deficiency
• Sources
• Properties
• RDA
© PDST Home Economics

2. 2
VITAMINS
• “VITAMIN” means “vital for life”
• VITAMINS are *Micronutrients
which are necessary for everyday healthy
functioning of the body
* Nutrients required
in very small amounts
- mg or µg
* Nutrients required
in very small amounts
- mg or µg

3. VITAMINS -
Two main categories
Water soluble
B
C
Fat Soluble
A
D
E
K

4. Water soluble
• Cannot be stored in body -
regular supply needed
• Excess is excreted in urine -
no danger of toxic levels
• Unstable to heat and light,
leach into cooking liquids
Fat Soluble
• Can be stored in body -
regular supply not needed
• Can accumulate to toxic
levels if large amounts
ingested
• Fairly stable at normal
cooking temperatures

5. Vitamin A - Retinol and Beta-
Carotene
Retinol
Named because of its
concern with retina of
eye
Only found in animal
foods
Retinol
Named because of its
concern with retina of
eye
Only found in animal
foods
Beta-Carotene
Present with chlorophyll in
plants, converted to
Vitamin A in gut wall
Beta-Carotene
Present with chlorophyll in
plants, converted to
Vitamin A in gut wall

6. Vitamin A –
Retinol and Beta-Carotene
Functions
• Regulates growth
• Promotes healthy skin
• Maintenance of
healthy epithelial
tissues
• Necessary for
production of
Rhodopsin - pigment
in retina, helps eye
adapt to dim light
Effects of deficiency
• Retarded growth,
malformed bones
• Dry mucous membranes
• Xeropthalmia - dry eye
membrane
• Night blindness
• Susceptibility to
infection
The moisturising
vitamin!
The moisturising
vitamin!

7. • Vitamin A is what your body needs
It gives you healthy bones and good strong teeth
Beautiful hair that shines bright in the daylight
Healthy eyes so you can see at night............
• ©1999 Dole Food Company, Inc
Go for Color!
Now carotenes are real big news
They give fruits and veggies colourful hues
Eat yellow, orange, red and deep green
'Cause they're rich and loaded if you know what I mean

8. Carotene
Go for Color!
Think
Yellow, Orange,
Red, Deep Green
Vitamin A - Retinol and Beta-
Carotene
Sources
Retinol - Cod liver oil,
liver, dairy products,
herring, egg yolk
Beta-Carotene
Dark green leafy
vegetables, broccoli,
carrots, deep orange
fruits and vegetables
Now carotenes are real big news
They give fruits and veggies colourful hues....

9. Vitamin A - Retinol and Beta-
Carotene
Properties
• Yellow fat soluble alcohol
• Insoluble in water
• Can be destroyed by
oxygen, light and air
• Some reduction in
dehydration
• Powerful antioxidant
RDA
600 µg per
day
90% of
Vitamin A in
the body is
stored in the
liver

10. Vitamin D - Calciferols
Formed by action of ultra
violet light on fungi and
yeasts
Manufactured synthetically
for use as vitamin
supplement
Cholecalciferol
The sunshine
Vitamin!
The sun activates Provitamin
7 dehydro cholesterol
present in fat under skin
Ergocalciferol
Provitamin 7 dehydro cholesterol
Cholecalciferol
Provitamin 7 dehydro cholesterol
Cholecalciferol

11. Vitamin D -Calciferols
Functions
• Absorption and laying
down of calcium and
phosphorous in bones
and teeth
• Regulates calcium
balance between bones
and blood
• Prevents rickets
Effects of deficiency
• *Rickets in children and
*osteomalacia in adults
• **Osteoporosis
• Dental caries
* Conditions where bones
are soft and cannot take
weight of the body
* Conditions where bones
are soft and cannot take
weight of the body
**Bones become light, less
dense and prone to
fractures
**Bones become light, less
dense and prone to
fractures

12. Vitamin D -Calciferols
Sources
Sunlight conversion
Fish liver oils
Dairy products
Oily fish
Margarine

13. Vitamin D -Calciferols
Properties
• Fat soluble
• Insoluble in water
• Stable to heat, acids,
alkalis, oxygen
• Unaffected by cooking or
preservation
RDA
7 -10µg per
day
Probably
the most
stable of
the vitamins

14. Vitamin E -Tocopherols
Functions
• Powerful antioxidant
• May reduce risk of
heart disease, stroke,
cancer
• Improves absorption
of vitamin A
Effects of deficiency
• Deficiency is rare
• Linked to conditions
associated with
malabsorption of fat
• Nerve damage, loss of
balance, lowered immune
system
Anti coagulants
and anti oxidants
Anti coagulants
and anti oxidants

15. Vitamin E -Tocopherols
Sources
Wheatgerm
Oatmeal
Oils and animal fats
Leafy greens
Eggs

16. Vitamin E -Tocopherols
Properties
• Fat soluble
• Insoluble in water
• Stable to heat, unaffected
by cooking or preservation
• Acts as antioxidant, delays
rancidity and oxidation
• Damaged by alkalis and UV
light
RDA
Based on
polyunsaturated
fatty acid
intake

17. Vitamin K - Napthoquinones
Functions
• Constituent of
prothrombin which is
necessary in blood
clotting
Effects of deficiency
• Abnormal clotting,
bleeding.
• Deficiency is rare
Sometimes called
“Coagulation” vitamin
Sometimes called
“Coagulation” vitamin

18. Vitamin K - Napthoquinones
Sources
Dark green vegetables
Liver
Lean meat
Eggs
Manufactured by bacteria in
intestine

19. Vitamin K - Napthoquinones
Properties
• Fat soluble
• Insoluble in water
• Stable to heat, unaffected
by cooking
• Destroyed by light, strong
acids, alkalis
RDA
No established
recommendation

20. Hypervitaminosis -
Excess vitamins A and D
• Hypervitaminosis A - Excess Vitamin A is stored in
the liver. In extreme cases can cause dry skin,
enlarged liver, fatigue, hair loss, headaches,
appetite loss, vomiting, risk of birth defects and
miscarriage.
• Hypervitaminosis D - More common in young
children than adults. Results in high concentration
of calcium in blood. Symptoms - nausea, mental
confusion, vomiting and thirst.

21. Hand in Hand –
How vitamins help each other
• Vitamin E keeps Vitamin A from being destroyed in
the intestines
• Vitamin D enables the body to absorb calcium and
phosphorous
• Vitamin C helps folate build proteins
• Vitamin B1 works in the digestive system with niacin,
pantothenic acid and magnesium