Urinary incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine, more common in women, especially post-birth or menopause. Types include stress, urge, overflow, mixed, and functional incontinence, with various causes such as obesity and age. Diagnosis involves a bladder diary, physical exams, and tests like cystograms, while management may include Kegel exercises, anticholinergics, and surgical options.

1. Urinary incontenence
Gufu Abdikadir
Sultana Nasrudin

2. Definition
• Urinary incontinence is the involuntary
leakage of urine; in simple terms, it means a
person urinates when they do not want to.
Control over the urinary sphincter is either
lost or weakened.
• More in women than in men

3. Types of urinary incontenence
• Stress incontinence-especially among women
who have given birth or at menopause. . When the
bladder and muscles involved in urinary control are
placed under sudden extra pressure, the person
may urinate involuntarily.
• Urge incontinence (effort incontinence)-reflex
incontinence, a sudden, involuntary contraction of
the muscular wall of the bladder that causes an
urge to urinate that cannot be stopped.

4. Ct
• Overflow incontinence
• This is more common in men with prostate gland
problems, The bladder cannot hold as much urine
as the body is making and/or the bladder cannot
empty completely, causing small amounts of urinary
leakage. Often, patients will need to urinate
frequently, and they may experience "dribbling" or
a constant dripping of urine from the urethra.

5. Ct
• Mixed incontinence- patient experiences both
stress and urge incontinence at the same time
• Functional incontinence- the person knows
there is a need to urinate, but cannot make it to
the bathroom in time due to a mobility problem.

6. pathophysiology
• Occurs e.g in lab or(stress urine incontenency)
As the mother is pushing it leads amount of
pressure produced on urinary sphincter
weakens it., causing urine to leak involuntaririly.

7. Risk factors
 Obesity - have increased pressure on their bladder and surrounding
muscles, >weakens the muscles &makes it more likely that a leak occurs
when the person sneezes or coughs
 Smoking - regular smokers are more likely to develop a chronic cough,
which may result in episodes of incontinence
 Gender - women have a significantly higher chance of experiencing stress
incontinence than men, especially if they have had children
 Old age - the muscles in the bladder and urethra weaken during old age
 Some diseases and conditions - people with diabetes, kidney disease,
spinal cord injury, or neurologic diseases
 Prostate disease - patients with a history of prostate surgery .

8. Causes
• Labor
 Menopause - when estrogen levels drop the
muscles may get weaker
• Obesity
• Enlarged prostate
• UTI

9. Clinical manifestation
• unintentional release (leakage) of urine which
is the main symptom.
• Psychologically depressed.

10. Dx
 A bladder diary - pt. records how much they
drink, amt urine produced,no. of episodes of
incontinence.
 P.E - examining vagina and check the strength
of her pelvic floor muscles. If male, examine
rectum to determine whether the prostate
gland is enlarged.
 .

11. Dx ct
 Cystogram - X-ray procedure to visualize
the bladder.
 Cystoscopy - a cystoscope (a thin tube
with a lens at the end) is inserted into
the urethra. The doctor can view
abnormalities in the urinary tract.

12. Dx
 Stress test - the patient will be asked to
apply sudden pressure while the you
look out for loss of urine.
 Urodynamic testing - determines how
much pressure the bladder and urinary
sphincter muscle can withstand

13. Dx
 Urinalysis - tests for signs of infection
and abnormalities.
 Blood test - to assess kidney function.
 PVR (postvoid residual) measurement -
measures how much urine is left in the
bladder after urinating.

14. Medical surgical Mgt.
• Kegel’s exercises> strengthen pelvic floor
• Bladder training> toilet timetable
 Anticholinergics - calm overactive bladders,
may help patients with urge incontinence
• Pessary - a rigid ring inserted into the vagina.
It is worn all day. The device helps hold the
bladder up and prevent leakage.

15. Ct.
 Artificial sphincter - an artificial sphincter (valve) may
be inserted to control the flow of urine from the
bladder into the urethra surgically
• Urinary Catheter - a tube which goes from the bladder,
through the urethra, out of the body into a bag which
collects urine.
• Absorbent pads - There is a vast range of absorbent
pads available at pharmacies and supermarkets.

16. Nursing Mgt
• Hygiene of the catheter
• Psychological support

17. Nursing diagnosis
• Risk of infection related to prolonged
indwelling catheter which might habor
bacterial growth.