SlideShare a Scribd company logo

Gynecology 5th year, 1st & 2nd lectures (Dr. Rozhan Yasin Khalil)

•Download as PPT, PDF•
•
College of Medicine, Sulaymaniyah
College of Medicine, Sulaymaniyah

The lecture has been given on Feb. 21st & 28th, 2011 by Dr. Rozhan Yasin Khalil.

Health & Medicine
1 of 84
URINARY INCONTINENCE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
urinary incontinence: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Urinary Incontinence: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
  THE ANATOMY OF URINARY TRACT: ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
///////////////////////////////// ,[object Object],[object Object]
-------------------------------------------------------- ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
```````````````````````````````````````````` ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
‘’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’ ,[object Object],[object Object]
THE FUNCTION OF LOWER URINARY TRACT: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
///////////////////////////////// ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
------------------------------------------ ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The storage phase ,[object Object]
///////////////////////////////// ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
VOIDING PHASE: ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF URINARY INCONTINENCE : ,[object Object]
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ,[object Object],[object Object]
************************** ,[object Object]
,[object Object]
------------------------------------------ ,[object Object]
THE PREVALENCE OF URINARY INCONTINENCE: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Risk factor of incontinence includes : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
COMMON SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH INCONTINENCE; ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
************************** ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CLASSIFICATION OF INCONTINENCE: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
URODYNAMIC STRESS INCONTINENCE: ,[object Object],[object Object]
DETRUSOR OVER-ACTIVITY: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RETENTION WITH OVERFLOW : ,[object Object]
IN OVERFLOW INCONTINENCE: The causes may be: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CONGENITAL CAUSES OF INCONTINENCE : ,[object Object],[object Object]
MISCELLANEOUS CAUSES : ,[object Object],[object Object]
EXTR-URETHRAL CAUSES OF INCONTINENCE: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
///////////////////////////////// ,[object Object],[object Object]
CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF URINARY INCONTINENCE: ,[object Object],[object Object]
…………………………………………… .... ,[object Object],[object Object]
///////////////////////////////// ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Investigation of urodynamics incontinence ,[object Object]
,[object Object]
,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
INVESTIGATIONS OF URINAYY INCONTINENCE: ,[object Object],[object Object]
THE AIM OF URODYNAMIC INVESTIGATION : ,[object Object]
These investigation includes : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
INVESTIGATION: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1. Mid-stream urine specimen: ,[object Object],[object Object]
2. Urinary diary: ,[object Object],[object Object]
: 3. Pad test ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
4. Uroflowmetry : ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
5. Cystometry: ,[object Object],[object Object]
------------------------------------------ ,[object Object]
Cystometry is indicated for the following: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The following are parameters of normal bladder function ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
///////////////////////////////// ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
6. Videocystourethrography: ,[object Object],[object Object]
7. Intravenous urography: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
8. Ultrasound : ,[object Object]
///////////////////////////////// ,[object Object]
9. Cystourethroscopy: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
///////////////////////////////// ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
10. Urethral pressure profilometry ,[object Object],[object Object]
TREATMENT OF URINARY INCONTINENCE: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TREATMENT OF URODYNAMIC STRESS INCONTINENCE : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1. prevention : ,[object Object]
2. conservative treatment : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
conservative treatment include : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3. SURGICAL TREATMENT OF URODYNAMICS STRESS INCONTINENCE : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
1 . vaginal route : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2. ABDOMINAL ROUTE : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
4. COMBINED ( VAGINAL AND ABDOMINAL): ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
TRATMENT OF DETRUSOR OVERACTIVITY : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TREATMENT INCLUDES : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
,[object Object]

Recommended

Urinary incontinence - Final Year Lecture
Urinary incontinence - Final Year LectureUrinary incontinence - Final Year Lecture
Urinary incontinence - Final Year LectureMr Adeel Abbas
 
Urinary Incontinence
Urinary Incontinence Urinary Incontinence
Urinary Incontinence raheef
 
Urinary Stress Incontinence
Urinary Stress IncontinenceUrinary Stress Incontinence
Urinary Stress IncontinenceSakkar Chowdhury
 
Urinary incontinence
Urinary incontinenceUrinary incontinence
Urinary incontinenceJograjiya Gelabhai Raghubhai
 
Urinary incontinence in the female
Urinary incontinence in the femaleUrinary incontinence in the female
Urinary incontinence in the femaleAyub Medical College
 
Stress urinary incontinance
Stress urinary incontinanceStress urinary incontinance
Stress urinary incontinanceMohit Agrawal
 
Urine incompet
Urine incompetUrine incompet
Urine incompetAl-YAQIN DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASONIC CLINIC BAGHDAD
 
gynaecology,Urinary incontenince.(dr.hana)
gynaecology,Urinary incontenince.(dr.hana)gynaecology,Urinary incontenince.(dr.hana)
gynaecology,Urinary incontenince.(dr.hana)student
 

Recommended

Urinary incontinence - Final Year Lecture
Urinary incontinence - Final Year LectureUrinary incontinence - Final Year Lecture
Urinary incontinence - Final Year LectureMr Adeel Abbas
 
Urinary Incontinence
Urinary Incontinence Urinary Incontinence
Urinary Incontinence raheef
 
Urinary Stress Incontinence
Urinary Stress IncontinenceUrinary Stress Incontinence
Urinary Stress IncontinenceSakkar Chowdhury
 
Urinary incontinence
Urinary incontinenceUrinary incontinence
Urinary incontinenceJograjiya Gelabhai Raghubhai
 
Urinary incontinence in the female
Urinary incontinence in the femaleUrinary incontinence in the female
Urinary incontinence in the femaleAyub Medical College
 
Stress urinary incontinance
Stress urinary incontinanceStress urinary incontinance
Stress urinary incontinanceMohit Agrawal
 
Urine incompet
Urine incompetUrine incompet
Urine incompetAl-YAQIN DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASONIC CLINIC BAGHDAD
 
gynaecology,Urinary incontenince.(dr.hana)
gynaecology,Urinary incontenince.(dr.hana)gynaecology,Urinary incontenince.(dr.hana)
gynaecology,Urinary incontenince.(dr.hana)student
 
Urinary incontinence
Urinary incontinence Urinary incontinence
Urinary incontinence racheetha
 
Urinary Incontinence
Urinary IncontinenceUrinary Incontinence
Urinary Incontinencejhardesty
 
Female urinary incontinence
Female urinary incontinenceFemale urinary incontinence
Female urinary incontinenceFaculty of Medicine - Benha University
 
INCONTINENCE OF URINE
INCONTINENCE OF URINEINCONTINENCE OF URINE
INCONTINENCE OF URINEAboubakr Elnashar
 
Urinary Incontinence
Urinary IncontinenceUrinary Incontinence
Urinary IncontinenceAIMST university
 
Stress urinary incontinence - case and brief
Stress urinary incontinence - case and briefStress urinary incontinence - case and brief
Stress urinary incontinence - case and brief翰泓 李
 
Urinary incontinence
Urinary incontinenceUrinary incontinence
Urinary incontinenceMudassir Hussain
 
Urinary incontinence in woman
Urinary incontinence in womanUrinary incontinence in woman
Urinary incontinence in womanDolly Bashani
 
Urinary Incontinence
Urinary IncontinenceUrinary Incontinence
Urinary IncontinenceYonah Ziemba
 
Clinical approach to urinary incontinence
Clinical approach to urinary incontinenceClinical approach to urinary incontinence
Clinical approach to urinary incontinenceYasmin Saidat
 
Urinary incontenence
Urinary incontenenceUrinary incontenence
Urinary incontenencegufuabdikadir96
 
Urinaryincontinence final
Urinaryincontinence finalUrinaryincontinence final
Urinaryincontinence finalNishanth Ps
 
Stress Urinary Incontinence
Stress Urinary IncontinenceStress Urinary Incontinence
Stress Urinary IncontinenceNaina Kayath
 
Gabor Jozsef Joo - Female urinary incontinence
Gabor Jozsef Joo - Female urinary incontinenceGabor Jozsef Joo - Female urinary incontinence
Gabor Jozsef Joo - Female urinary incontinenceKatalin Cseh
 
" Urogynecology - Urinary Incontinence "
" Urogynecology - Urinary Incontinence " " Urogynecology - Urinary Incontinence "
" Urogynecology - Urinary Incontinence " Diaa Srahin
 
Urinary incontinence
Urinary incontinenceUrinary incontinence
Urinary incontinenceBahgat Yassin
 
Urinary incontinence
Urinary incontinenceUrinary incontinence
Urinary incontinenceINDRAJEET KUMAR
 
Incontinence & Female Urology [Dr.Edmond Wong]
Incontinence & Female Urology [Dr.Edmond Wong]Incontinence & Female Urology [Dr.Edmond Wong]
Incontinence & Female Urology [Dr.Edmond Wong]Edmond Wong
 
Incontinence
IncontinenceIncontinence
Incontinencemeducationdotnet
 
Urinary Incontinence
Urinary IncontinenceUrinary Incontinence
Urinary IncontinenceMonica Díaz
 
Urinary Incontinence
Urinary IncontinenceUrinary Incontinence
Urinary IncontinenceMiami Dade
 
Spinal injury
Spinal injurySpinal injury
Spinal injurygufuabdikadir96
 

More Related Content

What's hot

Urinary incontinence
Urinary incontinence Urinary incontinence
Urinary incontinence racheetha
 
Urinary Incontinence
Urinary IncontinenceUrinary Incontinence
Urinary Incontinencejhardesty
 
Stress urinary incontinence - case and brief
Stress urinary incontinence - case and briefStress urinary incontinence - case and brief
Stress urinary incontinence - case and brief翰泓 李
 
Urinary incontinence in woman
Urinary incontinence in womanUrinary incontinence in woman
Urinary incontinence in womanDolly Bashani
 
Urinary Incontinence
Urinary IncontinenceUrinary Incontinence
Urinary IncontinenceYonah Ziemba
 
Clinical approach to urinary incontinence
Clinical approach to urinary incontinenceClinical approach to urinary incontinence
Clinical approach to urinary incontinenceYasmin Saidat
 
Urinaryincontinence final
Urinaryincontinence finalUrinaryincontinence final
Urinaryincontinence finalNishanth Ps
 
Stress Urinary Incontinence
Stress Urinary IncontinenceStress Urinary Incontinence
Stress Urinary IncontinenceNaina Kayath
 
Gabor Jozsef Joo - Female urinary incontinence
Gabor Jozsef Joo - Female urinary incontinenceGabor Jozsef Joo - Female urinary incontinence
Gabor Jozsef Joo - Female urinary incontinenceKatalin Cseh
 
" Urogynecology - Urinary Incontinence "
" Urogynecology - Urinary Incontinence " " Urogynecology - Urinary Incontinence "
" Urogynecology - Urinary Incontinence " Diaa Srahin
 
Urinary incontinence
Urinary incontinenceUrinary incontinence
Urinary incontinenceBahgat Yassin
 
Incontinence & Female Urology [Dr.Edmond Wong]
Incontinence & Female Urology [Dr.Edmond Wong]Incontinence & Female Urology [Dr.Edmond Wong]
Incontinence & Female Urology [Dr.Edmond Wong]Edmond Wong
 
Urinary Incontinence
Urinary IncontinenceUrinary Incontinence
Urinary IncontinenceMonica Díaz
 

What's hot (20)

Urinary incontinence
Urinary incontinence Urinary incontinence
Urinary incontinence
 
Urinary Incontinence
Urinary IncontinenceUrinary Incontinence
Urinary Incontinence
 
Female urinary incontinence
Female urinary incontinenceFemale urinary incontinence
Female urinary incontinence
 
INCONTINENCE OF URINE
INCONTINENCE OF URINEINCONTINENCE OF URINE
INCONTINENCE OF URINE
 
Urinary Incontinence
Urinary IncontinenceUrinary Incontinence
Urinary Incontinence
 
Stress urinary incontinence - case and brief
Stress urinary incontinence - case and briefStress urinary incontinence - case and brief
Stress urinary incontinence - case and brief
 
Urinary incontinence
Urinary incontinenceUrinary incontinence
Urinary incontinence
 
Urinary incontinence in woman
Urinary incontinence in womanUrinary incontinence in woman
Urinary incontinence in woman
 
Urinary Incontinence
Urinary IncontinenceUrinary Incontinence
Urinary Incontinence
 
Clinical approach to urinary incontinence
Clinical approach to urinary incontinenceClinical approach to urinary incontinence
Clinical approach to urinary incontinence
 
Urinary incontenence
Urinary incontenenceUrinary incontenence
Urinary incontenence
 
Urinaryincontinence final
Urinaryincontinence finalUrinaryincontinence final
Urinaryincontinence final
 
Stress Urinary Incontinence
Stress Urinary IncontinenceStress Urinary Incontinence
Stress Urinary Incontinence
 
Gabor Jozsef Joo - Female urinary incontinence
Gabor Jozsef Joo - Female urinary incontinenceGabor Jozsef Joo - Female urinary incontinence
Gabor Jozsef Joo - Female urinary incontinence
 
" Urogynecology - Urinary Incontinence "
" Urogynecology - Urinary Incontinence " " Urogynecology - Urinary Incontinence "
" Urogynecology - Urinary Incontinence "
 
Urinary incontinence
Urinary incontinenceUrinary incontinence
Urinary incontinence
 
Urinary incontinence
Urinary incontinenceUrinary incontinence
Urinary incontinence
 
Incontinence & Female Urology [Dr.Edmond Wong]
Incontinence & Female Urology [Dr.Edmond Wong]Incontinence & Female Urology [Dr.Edmond Wong]
Incontinence & Female Urology [Dr.Edmond Wong]
 
Incontinence
IncontinenceIncontinence
Incontinence
 
Urinary Incontinence
Urinary IncontinenceUrinary Incontinence
Urinary Incontinence
 

Viewers also liked

Urinary Incontinence
Urinary IncontinenceUrinary Incontinence
Urinary IncontinenceMiami Dade
 
IAD Introduction - 1-2010
IAD Introduction - 1-2010IAD Introduction - 1-2010
IAD Introduction - 1-2010Vernon Benjamin
 
Medicine 5th year, 6th lecture (Dr. Asso Fariadoon Ali Amin)
Medicine 5th year, 6th lecture (Dr. Asso Fariadoon Ali Amin)Medicine 5th year, 6th lecture (Dr. Asso Fariadoon Ali Amin)
Medicine 5th year, 6th lecture (Dr. Asso Fariadoon Ali Amin)College of Medicine, Sulaymaniyah
 
Urinary Retention
Urinary RetentionUrinary Retention
Urinary RetentionReynel Dan
 
비뇨기질환 11 요실금의 증상과 치료
비뇨기질환 11 요실금의 증상과 치료비뇨기질환 11 요실금의 증상과 치료
비뇨기질환 11 요실금의 증상과 치료Samsung Medical Center
 
Urinary incontinence in Women by Dr. Taila Amber
Urinary incontinence in Women by Dr. Taila AmberUrinary incontinence in Women by Dr. Taila Amber
Urinary incontinence in Women by Dr. Taila AmberTaila Amber
 
Adult diaper rash: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment
Adult diaper rash: Symptoms, Causes and TreatmentAdult diaper rash: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment
Adult diaper rash: Symptoms, Causes and TreatmentUnique Wellness
 
Acute urinary retintion
Acute urinary retintionAcute urinary retintion
Acute urinary retintionFatimah Bassem
 
Incontinence Associated Dermatitis by Prof Dr Mikel Gray
Incontinence Associated Dermatitis by Prof Dr Mikel GrayIncontinence Associated Dermatitis by Prof Dr Mikel Gray
Incontinence Associated Dermatitis by Prof Dr Mikel GrayAdlizz Medic
 
Postpartum bladder dysfunction& urinary retention
Postpartum bladder dysfunction& urinary retentionPostpartum bladder dysfunction& urinary retention
Postpartum bladder dysfunction& urinary retentionPrativa Dhakal
 
Incontinence in elderly
Incontinence in elderlyIncontinence in elderly
Incontinence in elderlyFurqan Khan
 
Retention of urine
Retention of urineRetention of urine
Retention of urinePrabha Om
 
Faecal Incontinence Causes, Diagnosis, & Contemporary Treatment
Faecal Incontinence Causes, Diagnosis, & Contemporary TreatmentFaecal Incontinence Causes, Diagnosis, & Contemporary Treatment
Faecal Incontinence Causes, Diagnosis, & Contemporary Treatmentensteve
 
Bed sores / decubitis ulcer / pressure sores
Bed sores / decubitis ulcer / pressure soresBed sores / decubitis ulcer / pressure sores
Bed sores / decubitis ulcer / pressure soresSiva Nanda Reddy
 

Viewers also liked (20)

Urinary Incontinence
Urinary IncontinenceUrinary Incontinence
Urinary Incontinence
 
Spinal injury
Spinal injurySpinal injury
Spinal injury
 
IAD Introduction - 1-2010
IAD Introduction - 1-2010IAD Introduction - 1-2010
IAD Introduction - 1-2010
 
Medicine 5th year, 6th lecture (Dr. Asso Fariadoon Ali Amin)
Medicine 5th year, 6th lecture (Dr. Asso Fariadoon Ali Amin)Medicine 5th year, 6th lecture (Dr. Asso Fariadoon Ali Amin)
Medicine 5th year, 6th lecture (Dr. Asso Fariadoon Ali Amin)
 
The urinary system
The urinary systemThe urinary system
The urinary system
 
Urinary Retention
Urinary RetentionUrinary Retention
Urinary Retention
 
비뇨기질환 11 요실금의 증상과 치료
비뇨기질환 11 요실금의 증상과 치료비뇨기질환 11 요실금의 증상과 치료
비뇨기질환 11 요실금의 증상과 치료
 
Bed sore stages
Bed sore stagesBed sore stages
Bed sore stages
 
Urinary incontinence in Women by Dr. Taila Amber
Urinary incontinence in Women by Dr. Taila AmberUrinary incontinence in Women by Dr. Taila Amber
Urinary incontinence in Women by Dr. Taila Amber
 
Adult diaper rash: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment
Adult diaper rash: Symptoms, Causes and TreatmentAdult diaper rash: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment
Adult diaper rash: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment
 
Acute urinary retintion
Acute urinary retintionAcute urinary retintion
Acute urinary retintion
 
Urology 5th year, 1st lecture (Dr. Sarwar)
Urology 5th year, 1st lecture (Dr. Sarwar)Urology 5th year, 1st lecture (Dr. Sarwar)
Urology 5th year, 1st lecture (Dr. Sarwar)
 
Incontinence Associated Dermatitis by Prof Dr Mikel Gray
Incontinence Associated Dermatitis by Prof Dr Mikel GrayIncontinence Associated Dermatitis by Prof Dr Mikel Gray
Incontinence Associated Dermatitis by Prof Dr Mikel Gray
 
Postpartum bladder dysfunction& urinary retention
Postpartum bladder dysfunction& urinary retentionPostpartum bladder dysfunction& urinary retention
Postpartum bladder dysfunction& urinary retention
 
Retention of urine
Retention of urine Retention of urine
Retention of urine
 
Incontinence in elderly
Incontinence in elderlyIncontinence in elderly
Incontinence in elderly
 
Retention of urine
Retention of urineRetention of urine
Retention of urine
 
Faecal Incontinence Causes, Diagnosis, & Contemporary Treatment
Faecal Incontinence Causes, Diagnosis, & Contemporary TreatmentFaecal Incontinence Causes, Diagnosis, & Contemporary Treatment
Faecal Incontinence Causes, Diagnosis, & Contemporary Treatment
 
Bed sores / decubitis ulcer / pressure sores
Bed sores / decubitis ulcer / pressure soresBed sores / decubitis ulcer / pressure sores
Bed sores / decubitis ulcer / pressure sores
 
Micturition
MicturitionMicturition
Micturition
 

Similar to Gynecology 5th year, 1st & 2nd lectures (Dr. Rozhan Yasin Khalil)

Urinary Function and Dysfunction For a Subject Gerontology and Geriatric Phys...
Urinary Function and Dysfunction For a Subject Gerontology and Geriatric Phys...Urinary Function and Dysfunction For a Subject Gerontology and Geriatric Phys...
Urinary Function and Dysfunction For a Subject Gerontology and Geriatric Phys...RimshaWaqar3
 
Bladder dysfunction in cns disorder
Bladder dysfunction in cns disorderBladder dysfunction in cns disorder
Bladder dysfunction in cns disordernjdfmudhol
 
Bladder involvement in spine disorders
Bladder involvement in spine disordersBladder involvement in spine disorders
Bladder involvement in spine disordersJayant Sharma
 
Bladder innervation, physiology of micturition
Bladder innervation, physiology of micturitionBladder innervation, physiology of micturition
Bladder innervation, physiology of micturitionLokanath Reddy Mummadi
 
neuroantomy of bladder
neuroantomy of bladder neuroantomy of bladder
neuroantomy of bladder Joe Antony
 
Urinary incontinence new
Urinary incontinence newUrinary incontinence new
Urinary incontinence newDoha Rasheedy
 
Disorders of micturation (sreemayee)
Disorders of micturation (sreemayee)Disorders of micturation (sreemayee)
Disorders of micturation (sreemayee)Sreemayee Kundu
 
Bladder disorders(neurogenic)
Bladder disorders(neurogenic) Bladder disorders(neurogenic)
Bladder disorders(neurogenic)anil kumar g
 
final renal seminar.pptx
final renal seminar.pptxfinal renal seminar.pptx
final renal seminar.pptxharpreet363708
 
final renal seminar.pptx
final renal seminar.pptxfinal renal seminar.pptx
final renal seminar.pptxharpreet363708
 
Neurological control of Micturition order and disorder
Neurological control of Micturition order and disorderNeurological control of Micturition order and disorder
Neurological control of Micturition order and disorderNeurologyKota
 

Similar to Gynecology 5th year, 1st & 2nd lectures (Dr. Rozhan Yasin Khalil) (20)

Urinary Function and Dysfunction For a Subject Gerontology and Geriatric Phys...
Urinary Function and Dysfunction For a Subject Gerontology and Geriatric Phys...Urinary Function and Dysfunction For a Subject Gerontology and Geriatric Phys...
Urinary Function and Dysfunction For a Subject Gerontology and Geriatric Phys...
 
Bladder dysfunction in cns disorder
Bladder dysfunction in cns disorderBladder dysfunction in cns disorder
Bladder dysfunction in cns disorder
 
Bladder involvement in spine disorders
Bladder involvement in spine disordersBladder involvement in spine disorders
Bladder involvement in spine disorders
 
Bladder innervation, physiology of micturition
Bladder innervation, physiology of micturitionBladder innervation, physiology of micturition
Bladder innervation, physiology of micturition
 
Overactive bladder
Overactive bladderOveractive bladder
Overactive bladder
 
neuroantomy of bladder
neuroantomy of bladder neuroantomy of bladder
neuroantomy of bladder
 
Urinary incontinence new
Urinary incontinence newUrinary incontinence new
Urinary incontinence new
 
Urinary Incontinence in Females
Urinary Incontinence in FemalesUrinary Incontinence in Females
Urinary Incontinence in Females
 
Mcn final!!!
Mcn final!!!Mcn final!!!
Mcn final!!!
 
Disorders of micturation (sreemayee)
Disorders of micturation (sreemayee)Disorders of micturation (sreemayee)
Disorders of micturation (sreemayee)
 
Urinary elimination
Urinary elimination Urinary elimination
Urinary elimination
 
Micturition (3)
Micturition (3)Micturition (3)
Micturition (3)
 
Urinary Incontinence
Urinary IncontinenceUrinary Incontinence
Urinary Incontinence
 
Bladder disorders(neurogenic)
Bladder disorders(neurogenic) Bladder disorders(neurogenic)
Bladder disorders(neurogenic)
 
Fowler’s syndrome
Fowler’s syndromeFowler’s syndrome
Fowler’s syndrome
 
incontinence.pptx
incontinence.pptxincontinence.pptx
incontinence.pptx
 
final renal seminar.pptx
final renal seminar.pptxfinal renal seminar.pptx
final renal seminar.pptx
 
final renal seminar.pptx
final renal seminar.pptxfinal renal seminar.pptx
final renal seminar.pptx
 
Neurological control of Micturition order and disorder
Neurological control of Micturition order and disorderNeurological control of Micturition order and disorder
Neurological control of Micturition order and disorder
 
Neurogenic bladder
Neurogenic bladderNeurogenic bladder
Neurogenic bladder
 

More from College of Medicine, Sulaymaniyah

More from College of Medicine, Sulaymaniyah (20)

Pediatrics 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Tara Husain)
Pediatrics 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Tara Husain)Pediatrics 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Tara Husain)
Pediatrics 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Tara Husain)
 
Pediatrics 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Adnan)
Pediatrics 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Adnan)Pediatrics 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Adnan)
Pediatrics 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Adnan)
 
Tubes, Suture Materials, IV Fluids photos
Tubes, Suture Materials, IV Fluids photosTubes, Suture Materials, IV Fluids photos
Tubes, Suture Materials, IV Fluids photos
 
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Aram Baram)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Aram Baram)Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Aram Baram)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Aram Baram)
 
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Aram Baram)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Aram Baram)Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Aram Baram)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Aram Baram)
 
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Hamid)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Hamid)Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Hamid)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Hamid)
 
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. AbdulWahid)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. AbdulWahid)Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. AbdulWahid)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. AbdulWahid)
 
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Ali A. Nabi)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Ali A. Nabi)Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Ali A. Nabi)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Ali A. Nabi)
 
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Khalid Shokor Mahmood)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Khalid Shokor Mahmood)Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Khalid Shokor Mahmood)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Khalid Shokor Mahmood)
 
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Khalid Shokor Mahmood)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Khalid Shokor Mahmood)Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Khalid Shokor Mahmood)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Khalid Shokor Mahmood)
 
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. AbdulWahid)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. AbdulWahid)Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. AbdulWahid)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. AbdulWahid)
 
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Bakhtyar Rasul)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Bakhtyar Rasul)Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Bakhtyar Rasul)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Bakhtyar Rasul)
 
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. AbdulWahid)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. AbdulWahid)Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. AbdulWahid)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. AbdulWahid)
 
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. AbdulWahid)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. AbdulWahid)Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. AbdulWahid)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. AbdulWahid)
 
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. AbdulWahid)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. AbdulWahid)Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. AbdulWahid)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. AbdulWahid)
 
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Ahmed Al-Azzawi)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Ahmed Al-Azzawi)Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Ahmed Al-Azzawi)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Ahmed Al-Azzawi)
 
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Sarwar Noori)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Sarwar Noori)Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Sarwar Noori)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Sarwar Noori)
 
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. AbdulWahid)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. AbdulWahid)Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. AbdulWahid)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. AbdulWahid)
 
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Bakhtyar Baram)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Bakhtyar Baram)Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Bakhtyar Baram)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Bakhtyar Baram)
 
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Aso Omar)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Aso Omar)Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Aso Omar)
Surgery 6th year, Tutorial (Dr. Aso Omar)
 

Recently uploaded

Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Service
Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort ServicePremium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Service
Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Servicevidya singh
 
Bangalore Call Girl Whatsapp Number 100% Complete Your Sexual Needs
Bangalore Call Girl Whatsapp Number 100% Complete Your Sexual NeedsBangalore Call Girl Whatsapp Number 100% Complete Your Sexual Needs
Bangalore Call Girl Whatsapp Number 100% Complete Your Sexual NeedsGfnyt
 
Call Girls Darjeeling Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Darjeeling Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Darjeeling Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Darjeeling Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
VIP Call Girls Pune Vrinda 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls S...
VIP Call Girls Pune Vrinda 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls S...VIP Call Girls Pune Vrinda 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls S...
VIP Call Girls Pune Vrinda 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls S...Miss joya
 
Russian Call Girls in Pune Tanvi 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call g...
Russian Call Girls in Pune Tanvi 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call g...Russian Call Girls in Pune Tanvi 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call g...
Russian Call Girls in Pune Tanvi 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call g...Miss joya
 
Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...astropune
 
VIP Mumbai Call Girls Hiranandani Gardens Just Call 9920874524 with A/C Room ...
VIP Mumbai Call Girls Hiranandani Gardens Just Call 9920874524 with A/C Room ...VIP Mumbai Call Girls Hiranandani Gardens Just Call 9920874524 with A/C Room ...
VIP Mumbai Call Girls Hiranandani Gardens Just Call 9920874524 with A/C Room ...Garima Khatri
 
Call Girls Service Surat Samaira ❤️🍑 8250192130 👄 Independent Escort Service ...
Call Girls Service Surat Samaira ❤️🍑 8250192130 👄 Independent Escort Service ...Call Girls Service Surat Samaira ❤️🍑 8250192130 👄 Independent Escort Service ...
Call Girls Service Surat Samaira ❤️🍑 8250192130 👄 Independent Escort Service ...CALL GIRLS
 
Bangalore Call Girls Hebbal Kempapura Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalor...
Bangalore Call Girls Hebbal Kempapura Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalor...Bangalore Call Girls Hebbal Kempapura Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalor...
Bangalore Call Girls Hebbal Kempapura Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalor...narwatsonia7
 
Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai Samaira 8617697112 Independent Escort Service ...
Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai Samaira 8617697112 Independent Escort Service ...Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai Samaira 8617697112 Independent Escort Service ...
Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai Samaira 8617697112 Independent Escort Service ...Call girls in Ahmedabad High profile
 
Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...
Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...
Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...Miss joya
 
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...Taniya Sharma
 
Bangalore Call Girls Nelamangala Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalore Esc...
Bangalore Call Girls Nelamangala Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalore Esc...Bangalore Call Girls Nelamangala Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalore Esc...
Bangalore Call Girls Nelamangala Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalore Esc...narwatsonia7
 
VIP Call Girls Tirunelveli Aaradhya 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Tir...
VIP Call Girls Tirunelveli Aaradhya 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Tir...VIP Call Girls Tirunelveli Aaradhya 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Tir...
VIP Call Girls Tirunelveli Aaradhya 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Tir...narwatsonia7
 
VIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋 9256729539 🚀 Indore Escorts
VIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋 9256729539 🚀 Indore EscortsVIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋 9256729539 🚀 Indore Escorts
VIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋 9256729539 🚀 Indore Escortsaditipandeya
 
Aspirin presentation slides by Dr. Rewas Ali
Aspirin presentation slides by Dr. Rewas AliAspirin presentation slides by Dr. Rewas Ali
Aspirin presentation slides by Dr. Rewas AliRewAs ALI
 
Call Girls Service Jaipur Grishma WhatsApp ❤8445551418 VIP Call Girls Jaipur
Call Girls Service Jaipur Grishma WhatsApp ❤8445551418 VIP Call Girls JaipurCall Girls Service Jaipur Grishma WhatsApp ❤8445551418 VIP Call Girls Jaipur
Call Girls Service Jaipur Grishma WhatsApp ❤8445551418 VIP Call Girls Jaipurparulsinha
 
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableDipal Arora
 
Bangalore Call Girls Marathahalli 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
Bangalore Call Girls Marathahalli 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% SafeBangalore Call Girls Marathahalli 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
Bangalore Call Girls Marathahalli 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safenarwatsonia7
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Service
Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort ServicePremium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Service
Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Service
 
Bangalore Call Girl Whatsapp Number 100% Complete Your Sexual Needs
Bangalore Call Girl Whatsapp Number 100% Complete Your Sexual NeedsBangalore Call Girl Whatsapp Number 100% Complete Your Sexual Needs
Bangalore Call Girl Whatsapp Number 100% Complete Your Sexual Needs
 
Call Girls Darjeeling Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Darjeeling Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Darjeeling Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Darjeeling Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
VIP Call Girls Pune Vrinda 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls S...
VIP Call Girls Pune Vrinda 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls S...VIP Call Girls Pune Vrinda 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls S...
VIP Call Girls Pune Vrinda 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls S...
 
sauth delhi call girls in Bhajanpura 🔝 9953056974 🔝 escort Service
sauth delhi call girls in Bhajanpura 🔝 9953056974 🔝 escort Servicesauth delhi call girls in Bhajanpura 🔝 9953056974 🔝 escort Service
sauth delhi call girls in Bhajanpura 🔝 9953056974 🔝 escort Service
 
Russian Call Girls in Pune Tanvi 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call g...
Russian Call Girls in Pune Tanvi 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call g...Russian Call Girls in Pune Tanvi 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call g...
Russian Call Girls in Pune Tanvi 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call g...
 
Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
 
VIP Mumbai Call Girls Hiranandani Gardens Just Call 9920874524 with A/C Room ...
VIP Mumbai Call Girls Hiranandani Gardens Just Call 9920874524 with A/C Room ...VIP Mumbai Call Girls Hiranandani Gardens Just Call 9920874524 with A/C Room ...
VIP Mumbai Call Girls Hiranandani Gardens Just Call 9920874524 with A/C Room ...
 
Call Girls Service Surat Samaira ❤️🍑 8250192130 👄 Independent Escort Service ...
Call Girls Service Surat Samaira ❤️🍑 8250192130 👄 Independent Escort Service ...Call Girls Service Surat Samaira ❤️🍑 8250192130 👄 Independent Escort Service ...
Call Girls Service Surat Samaira ❤️🍑 8250192130 👄 Independent Escort Service ...
 
Bangalore Call Girls Hebbal Kempapura Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalor...
Bangalore Call Girls Hebbal Kempapura Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalor...Bangalore Call Girls Hebbal Kempapura Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalor...
Bangalore Call Girls Hebbal Kempapura Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalor...
 
Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai Samaira 8617697112 Independent Escort Service ...
Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai Samaira 8617697112 Independent Escort Service ...Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai Samaira 8617697112 Independent Escort Service ...
Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai Samaira 8617697112 Independent Escort Service ...
 
Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...
Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...
Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...
 
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...
💎VVIP Kolkata Call Girls Parganas🩱7001035870🩱Independent Girl ( Ac Rooms Avai...
 
Bangalore Call Girls Nelamangala Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalore Esc...
Bangalore Call Girls Nelamangala Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalore Esc...Bangalore Call Girls Nelamangala Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalore Esc...
Bangalore Call Girls Nelamangala Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalore Esc...
 
VIP Call Girls Tirunelveli Aaradhya 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Tir...
VIP Call Girls Tirunelveli Aaradhya 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Tir...VIP Call Girls Tirunelveli Aaradhya 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Tir...
VIP Call Girls Tirunelveli Aaradhya 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Tir...
 
VIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋 9256729539 🚀 Indore Escorts
VIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋 9256729539 🚀 Indore EscortsVIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋 9256729539 🚀 Indore Escorts
VIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋 9256729539 🚀 Indore Escorts
 
Aspirin presentation slides by Dr. Rewas Ali
Aspirin presentation slides by Dr. Rewas AliAspirin presentation slides by Dr. Rewas Ali
Aspirin presentation slides by Dr. Rewas Ali
 
Call Girls Service Jaipur Grishma WhatsApp ❤8445551418 VIP Call Girls Jaipur
Call Girls Service Jaipur Grishma WhatsApp ❤8445551418 VIP Call Girls JaipurCall Girls Service Jaipur Grishma WhatsApp ❤8445551418 VIP Call Girls Jaipur
Call Girls Service Jaipur Grishma WhatsApp ❤8445551418 VIP Call Girls Jaipur
 
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Ludhiana Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Bangalore Call Girls Marathahalli 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
Bangalore Call Girls Marathahalli 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% SafeBangalore Call Girls Marathahalli 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
Bangalore Call Girls Marathahalli 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
 

Gynecology 5th year, 1st & 2nd lectures (Dr. Rozhan Yasin Khalil)

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51.
  • 52.
  • 53.
  • 54.
  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 57.
  • 58.
  • 59.
  • 60.
  • 61.
  • 62.
  • 63.
  • 64.
  • 65.
  • 66.
  • 67.
  • 68.
  • 69.
  • 70.
  • 71.
  • 72.
  • 73.
  • 74.
  • 75.
  • 76.
  • 77.
  • 78.
  • 79.
  • 80.
  • 81.
  • 82.
  • 83.
  • 84.