Fractures
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fractures; definition, types/classification, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, medical-surgical management and nursing management
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Cast care
Plaster of Paris is a type of gypsum cement that is used to make casts and splints. It is made by heating gypsum to form hemihydrated calcium sulfate, which then hardens when mixed with water. When applied to fractures, plaster of Paris forms a hardened cast that immobilizes the bone to allow it to heal. Potential complications of casting include compartment syndrome, healing problems like malunion or nonunion, and arthritis in joints. Proper cast care involves keeping it dry, using crutches as directed, elevating the cast, and contacting the doctor if pain, swelling, or other issues arise.
Fracture ppts
1) Bones provide structure and protection for the body while allowing movement at joints.
2) Fractures can be caused by direct or indirect forces and result in complete or incomplete breaks in the bone.
3) Clinical features of a fracture include pain, deformity, loss of function, and crepitus while diagnostic measures include x-rays.
Splint and tractions
This document discusses different types of splints and traction used for immobilizing fractures. It describes ladder splints, Thomas splints, and Bohler's modification of the Braun splint. Thomas splints consist of a ring, medial bar, and lateral bar and are used to immobilize the lower limb. Bohler's modification uses pulleys to allow changing the angle of traction without adjusting the traction arrangement. The document also covers skin traction versus skeletal traction, application sites for each, and risks associated with traction use.
Total joint replacement surgeries
Total joint replacement is a common orthopedic procedure that replaces damaged bone and cartilage in a joint with prosthetic implants. The document discusses several types of total joint replacements including hip, knee, finger, elbow, and ankle replacements. It provides details on the surgical procedures, materials used in implants, rehabilitation process, and common causes for failure or reoperation. Total joint replacement is an effective procedure that can relieve pain and restore mobility for conditions like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Fracture - Types, Complications & Management
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Joint dislocation
The document discusses joint dislocation, including definitions, causes, types, signs and symptoms, diagnostic evaluations, management including closed and open reduction techniques, nursing diagnoses, and nursing care for a patient experiencing a joint dislocation. Joint dislocations are injuries where the ends of bones in a joint are forced from their normal positions, commonly occurring in shoulders, fingers, elbows, knees and hips due to trauma, falls, or motor vehicle accidents.
Contusions, strains and sprains
Contusions, strains, and sprains are soft tissue injuries caused by blunt force, overuse, or twisting motions. Contusions involve bleeding into the injured tissue from ruptured blood vessels. Strains are microscopic muscle tears, while sprains damage ligaments around a joint. Symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising, and limited range of motion. Treatment focuses on RICE - rest, ice, compression, and elevation to reduce swelling along with analgesics and immobilization if severe. Patients are educated on proper care, gradual return to activity, and avoiding reinjury.
Amputation
This document discusses various types of amputations and their management. It covers:
1. Definitions of different types of amputations including closed/open, levels of amputation for upper and lower limbs.
2. Guidelines for post-operative management and bandaging of the amputated limb to shape the stump and prevent complications.
3. Common issues after amputation like pain management, skin disorders, and the psychological impact of losing a limb.
Recommended
Cast care
Plaster of Paris is a type of gypsum cement that is used to make casts and splints. It is made by heating gypsum to form hemihydrated calcium sulfate, which then hardens when mixed with water. When applied to fractures, plaster of Paris forms a hardened cast that immobilizes the bone to allow it to heal. Potential complications of casting include compartment syndrome, healing problems like malunion or nonunion, and arthritis in joints. Proper cast care involves keeping it dry, using crutches as directed, elevating the cast, and contacting the doctor if pain, swelling, or other issues arise.
Fracture ppts
1) Bones provide structure and protection for the body while allowing movement at joints.
2) Fractures can be caused by direct or indirect forces and result in complete or incomplete breaks in the bone.
3) Clinical features of a fracture include pain, deformity, loss of function, and crepitus while diagnostic measures include x-rays.
Splint and tractions
This document discusses different types of splints and traction used for immobilizing fractures. It describes ladder splints, Thomas splints, and Bohler's modification of the Braun splint. Thomas splints consist of a ring, medial bar, and lateral bar and are used to immobilize the lower limb. Bohler's modification uses pulleys to allow changing the angle of traction without adjusting the traction arrangement. The document also covers skin traction versus skeletal traction, application sites for each, and risks associated with traction use.
Total joint replacement surgeries
Total joint replacement is a common orthopedic procedure that replaces damaged bone and cartilage in a joint with prosthetic implants. The document discusses several types of total joint replacements including hip, knee, finger, elbow, and ankle replacements. It provides details on the surgical procedures, materials used in implants, rehabilitation process, and common causes for failure or reoperation. Total joint replacement is an effective procedure that can relieve pain and restore mobility for conditions like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Fracture - Types, Complications & Management
All about fracture like it types, complications and it's management. specially prepared for nursing students.
Joint dislocation
The document discusses joint dislocation, including definitions, causes, types, signs and symptoms, diagnostic evaluations, management including closed and open reduction techniques, nursing diagnoses, and nursing care for a patient experiencing a joint dislocation. Joint dislocations are injuries where the ends of bones in a joint are forced from their normal positions, commonly occurring in shoulders, fingers, elbows, knees and hips due to trauma, falls, or motor vehicle accidents.
Contusions, strains and sprains
Contusions, strains, and sprains are soft tissue injuries caused by blunt force, overuse, or twisting motions. Contusions involve bleeding into the injured tissue from ruptured blood vessels. Strains are microscopic muscle tears, while sprains damage ligaments around a joint. Symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising, and limited range of motion. Treatment focuses on RICE - rest, ice, compression, and elevation to reduce swelling along with analgesics and immobilization if severe. Patients are educated on proper care, gradual return to activity, and avoiding reinjury.
Amputation
This document discusses various types of amputations and their management. It covers:
1. Definitions of different types of amputations including closed/open, levels of amputation for upper and lower limbs.
2. Guidelines for post-operative management and bandaging of the amputated limb to shape the stump and prevent complications.
3. Common issues after amputation like pain management, skin disorders, and the psychological impact of losing a limb.
Plaster of paris in orthopaedics
Plaster of Paris has been used for orthopaedic applications since the 1850s. It is made by heating gypsum rock to form calcium sulfate hemihydrate, which sets upon hydration. POP is used for casts, slabs, splints and orthoses to immobilize and support fractured bones. Application requires padding the limb and applying plaster bandages with proper tension and overlap until set. Different techniques are used depending on the location of injury, including U-slabs, hanging casts, long arm casts and Sarmiento braces. Precautions must be taken for circulation and positioning during setting.
Bursitis
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Application of cast
The meaning of cast application in orthopedics , types and application materials' its uses and what the procedure entails
Prosthesis
Orthotics and prosthetics provide artificial limbs and braces to replace missing or impaired body parts. Prosthetics deals specifically with replacing missing limbs or parts of limbs with artificial devices called prostheses. Prostheses come in different types depending on their intended use and stage of recovery or rehabilitation. Regular maintenance and care of prostheses is required to ensure proper functioning and avoid health issues.
Fractures
The document discusses fractures, including their definition, incidence, risk factors, pathophysiology, healing process, clinical manifestations, classification, diagnostic evaluation, and management. Fractures are breaks in bone continuity that can be caused by trauma or weakened bone. Evaluation involves history, exam, and imaging like x-rays. Treatment focuses on reduction, immobilization, and rehabilitation to heal the fracture and restore function.
Fracture
A fracture is a break or disruption in the continuity of bone caused by trauma or disease. Fractures are classified based on type, communication with the external environment, and anatomic location. Treatment involves emergency care like splinting, definitive care like closed or open reduction and immobilization with casting or internal fixation, and rehabilitation. Complications can be systemic like shock or local like injury to surrounding tissues or joints. Proper management of fractures aims to restore function and alignment of the injured bone.
Septic arthritis
Septic arthritis is an infection of a joint that causes inflammation. It occurs when bacteria or other microorganisms spread through the bloodstream from another infected site in the body and enter the joint space. Common symptoms include pain, swelling, warmth and reduced range of motion in the infected joint. Diagnosis involves synovial fluid analysis, blood tests and imaging. Treatment requires intravenous antibiotics and may also involve surgical drainage and debridement of the joint. Complications can include bone and cartilage destruction, joint fibrosis or ankylosis if not treated promptly.
Internal fixators
An orthopedic operative procedure where the fractures are stabilized by placing the mechanical devices within
Osteomyelitis and its management
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Fracture
This document provides information on a 54-year-old female patient, Mrs. T, who was admitted with a left femur fracture after a fall at home. She has a history of hypertension. The learning objectives cover defining a fracture, identifying causes and symptoms, and understanding treatment and nursing care. The document details her vital signs, medications, x-ray results showing a distal third left femur fracture, and potential nursing diagnoses including pain management and fall prevention.
Fracture healing
1) Fracture healing involves several stages including hematoma formation, inflammation and cellular proliferation, callus formation, consolidation, and remodeling over several weeks to years.
2) There are two main types of fracture healing: direct/primary healing which occurs without callus formation, and indirect/secondary healing which involves callus formation to bridge the fracture.
3) Fractures have medicolegal importance in determining grievous hurt, establishing the mechanism of injury, differentiating ante- and post-mortem fractures, and assessing negligence. Puppe's rule can be used to determine the sequence of fractures.
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This document provides information on casting and splinting procedures in orthopedic surgery. It describes the indications for casts and splints, including fractures, sprains, and joint injuries. It also discusses the initial assessment of injuries and differences between splints and casts. Various types of splints are described for immobilizing different parts of the upper and lower limbs. Considerations for applying plaster versus fiberglass casts are outlined, along with guidelines for proper application and potential complications.
Traction
care of a patient with traction -definition, history, principles, advantages,disadvantages ,types complications, nursing care
TRACTION,SPLINTS AND PLASTER OF PARIS
Traction is a method of applying pulling force along the longitudinal axis of a bone. There are two main types: fixed traction which provides counter-traction through the body, and sliding traction which uses gravity tilting for counter-traction. Skin and skeletal traction are commonly used, each with advantages and disadvantages. Splints like Thomas splint, Crammer wire, and Bohler-Braun are used to immobilize fractures. Plaster of Paris is also widely used by applying bandages soaked in the material. Daily care of patients involves ensuring comfort, monitoring for complications, and starting physiotherapy.
Traction(orthopedics)
Orthopaedic traction involves applying pulling forces to parts of the body and has been used for over 100 years to treat fractures. There are several types of traction including skin traction, which applies force over a large area of skin, and skeletal traction, which applies force directly to bones using pins or wires. Traction aims to regain normal bone length and alignment, reduce fractures, and relieve pain or pressure. While it remains useful for some applications, many traction procedures have been replaced by more modern techniques.
Amputations
The document discusses the history and process of amputation. It traces the etymology of the word "amputation" back to Latin and describes its early uses. It then covers the development of amputation techniques throughout history. The document also defines types of amputations, common causes, and potential complications. It provides details on the principles and process of both closed and open amputations.
Bone healing
This document discusses bone healing and fracture healing. It covers two forms of bone tissue: cortical and cancellous bone. It also discusses two types of bone formation: woven bone and lamellar bone. The process of fracture healing is described in three stages: inflammation, repair, and remodeling. Key cells and growth factors involved in each stage are identified. Factors that can influence fracture healing, such as injury severity, nutrition status, and age are also outlined.
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Plaster of paris in orthopaedics
Plaster of Paris has been used for orthopaedic applications since the 1850s. It is made by heating gypsum rock to form calcium sulfate hemihydrate, which sets upon hydration. POP is used for casts, slabs, splints and orthoses to immobilize and support fractured bones. Application requires padding the limb and applying plaster bandages with proper tension and overlap until set. Different techniques are used depending on the location of injury, including U-slabs, hanging casts, long arm casts and Sarmiento braces. Precautions must be taken for circulation and positioning during setting.
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This presentation is on bursitis specially focused on Baker's cyst and housemaid knee with Physiotherapeutic management
Application of cast
The meaning of cast application in orthopedics , types and application materials' its uses and what the procedure entails
Prosthesis
Orthotics and prosthetics provide artificial limbs and braces to replace missing or impaired body parts. Prosthetics deals specifically with replacing missing limbs or parts of limbs with artificial devices called prostheses. Prostheses come in different types depending on their intended use and stage of recovery or rehabilitation. Regular maintenance and care of prostheses is required to ensure proper functioning and avoid health issues.
Fractures
The document discusses fractures, including their definition, incidence, risk factors, pathophysiology, healing process, clinical manifestations, classification, diagnostic evaluation, and management. Fractures are breaks in bone continuity that can be caused by trauma or weakened bone. Evaluation involves history, exam, and imaging like x-rays. Treatment focuses on reduction, immobilization, and rehabilitation to heal the fracture and restore function.
Fracture
A fracture is a break or disruption in the continuity of bone caused by trauma or disease. Fractures are classified based on type, communication with the external environment, and anatomic location. Treatment involves emergency care like splinting, definitive care like closed or open reduction and immobilization with casting or internal fixation, and rehabilitation. Complications can be systemic like shock or local like injury to surrounding tissues or joints. Proper management of fractures aims to restore function and alignment of the injured bone.
Septic arthritis
Septic arthritis is an infection of a joint that causes inflammation. It occurs when bacteria or other microorganisms spread through the bloodstream from another infected site in the body and enter the joint space. Common symptoms include pain, swelling, warmth and reduced range of motion in the infected joint. Diagnosis involves synovial fluid analysis, blood tests and imaging. Treatment requires intravenous antibiotics and may also involve surgical drainage and debridement of the joint. Complications can include bone and cartilage destruction, joint fibrosis or ankylosis if not treated promptly.
Internal fixators
An orthopedic operative procedure where the fractures are stabilized by placing the mechanical devices within
Osteomyelitis and its management
Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone that results in inflammation, necrosis, and new bone formation. It is classified as hematogenous, contiguous focus, or associated with vascular insufficiency. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative organism. Clinical manifestations include pain, swelling, and drainage from non-healing ulcers. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and biopsy. Treatment involves antibiotics, surgical debridement, and stabilization of the bone. Nursing care focuses on pain management, preventing complications like sepsis, and educating patients.
Fracture
This document provides information on a 54-year-old female patient, Mrs. T, who was admitted with a left femur fracture after a fall at home. She has a history of hypertension. The learning objectives cover defining a fracture, identifying causes and symptoms, and understanding treatment and nursing care. The document details her vital signs, medications, x-ray results showing a distal third left femur fracture, and potential nursing diagnoses including pain management and fall prevention.
Fracture healing
1) Fracture healing involves several stages including hematoma formation, inflammation and cellular proliferation, callus formation, consolidation, and remodeling over several weeks to years.
2) There are two main types of fracture healing: direct/primary healing which occurs without callus formation, and indirect/secondary healing which involves callus formation to bridge the fracture.
3) Fractures have medicolegal importance in determining grievous hurt, establishing the mechanism of injury, differentiating ante- and post-mortem fractures, and assessing negligence. Puppe's rule can be used to determine the sequence of fractures.
Muscle Injury , Inflammation & repair
Introduction to muscle injury , inflammation ,exercise intervention that should be used during each stage during inflammation & repair.
Casting and splinting
This document provides information on casting and splinting procedures in orthopedic surgery. It describes the indications for casts and splints, including fractures, sprains, and joint injuries. It also discusses the initial assessment of injuries and differences between splints and casts. Various types of splints are described for immobilizing different parts of the upper and lower limbs. Considerations for applying plaster versus fiberglass casts are outlined, along with guidelines for proper application and potential complications.
Traction
care of a patient with traction -definition, history, principles, advantages,disadvantages ,types complications, nursing care
TRACTION,SPLINTS AND PLASTER OF PARIS
Traction is a method of applying pulling force along the longitudinal axis of a bone. There are two main types: fixed traction which provides counter-traction through the body, and sliding traction which uses gravity tilting for counter-traction. Skin and skeletal traction are commonly used, each with advantages and disadvantages. Splints like Thomas splint, Crammer wire, and Bohler-Braun are used to immobilize fractures. Plaster of Paris is also widely used by applying bandages soaked in the material. Daily care of patients involves ensuring comfort, monitoring for complications, and starting physiotherapy.
Traction(orthopedics)
Orthopaedic traction involves applying pulling forces to parts of the body and has been used for over 100 years to treat fractures. There are several types of traction including skin traction, which applies force over a large area of skin, and skeletal traction, which applies force directly to bones using pins or wires. Traction aims to regain normal bone length and alignment, reduce fractures, and relieve pain or pressure. While it remains useful for some applications, many traction procedures have been replaced by more modern techniques.
Amputations
The document discusses the history and process of amputation. It traces the etymology of the word "amputation" back to Latin and describes its early uses. It then covers the development of amputation techniques throughout history. The document also defines types of amputations, common causes, and potential complications. It provides details on the principles and process of both closed and open amputations.
Bone healing
This document discusses bone healing and fracture healing. It covers two forms of bone tissue: cortical and cancellous bone. It also discusses two types of bone formation: woven bone and lamellar bone. The process of fracture healing is described in three stages: inflammation, repair, and remodeling. Key cells and growth factors involved in each stage are identified. Factors that can influence fracture healing, such as injury severity, nutrition status, and age are also outlined.
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This document discusses osteoarthritis of the knee. It defines osteoarthritis as the degeneration of cartilage in the knee joint. Common symptoms include joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited range of motion. Risk factors include prior injury, overuse, obesity, and genetics. Treatment focuses on weight control, medications, physical therapy, bracing, injections, and possible joint replacement surgery for severe cases.
Treatment And Management of OA (1).pptx
Treatment and management of osteoarthritis focuses on relieving pain, restoring function, reducing disability, and rehabilitation. Diagnostic tools include x-rays, which are important for examining the affected joint, and lab tests which are usually normal. Conservative treatment involves patient education, weight loss, physiotherapy like heat/cold therapy, therapeutic exercises, and bracing. Pharmacological options include medications that may modify the disease or its symptoms. Surgical options include procedures like osteotomy to realign the knee, total knee replacement for end-stage disease, arthrodesis for small joints, and arthroscopic debridement for temporary relief of symptoms.
Stress fracture: Causes, Investigation, Diagnosis, Treatment
Stress/Fatigue fractures are discussed in detail. Their causes, most common sites, investigation, management.
Fractures
This document discusses bone fractures, including general and specific classifications of fractures. It describes symptoms of fractures and methods for diagnosis using x-rays and other imaging techniques. The main treatments of fractures are discussed as external fixation using casts or internal fixation using surgical methods like plates, screws, nails or rods. Finally, the natural healing process of fractures is summarized in four steps.
FRACTURE PPT.pptx
Fracture is a break in the bone caused by trauma or disease. The document discusses the different types of fractures such as closed versus open, displaced versus nondisplaced, and classifications based on the direction of the break. Symptoms include pain, deformity, loss of function. Diagnosis involves history, physical exam, and imaging tests like x-rays. Treatment involves reducing and immobilizing the fracture through methods like casting, bracing, traction, or surgery. Nursing care focuses on pain management, preventing complications like immobilization, and ensuring proper healing through diet, exercise, and patient education.
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Pediatric Emergency Care for Children | Apollo HospitalApollo 24/7 Adult & Paediatric Emergency Services
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Fractures
- 2. Definition • Fracture means bone has broken i.e. a break in continuous structure of bone
- 3. Types According to extent/ cause Incomplete/greenstick- portion of cross section(CS) of a bone breaks on one side &the other side bends Complete- entire CS of bone displaced Closed- doesn’t extend out of the skin/ muscles Open- bone fragments extend out of the muscles and skin Pathological- due to disease(cancer, osteoporosis) with or minimal trauma
- 4. Causes • Trauma- Road Traffic Accidents, falling from a height and tackle in sporting activities e.g. rugby • Osteoporosis- bones become brittle and fragile as a result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D • Overuse- immense stress on bones esp. in athletes
- 5. Clinical manifestation • Pain- damage of nerves, ligaments and soft tissues around the bone injured. • Edema and tenderness at the site- massive disruption of BV & large amount of bleeding from the fracture fragments • Deformity of limbs look out of place
- 6. Dx • Physical examination- e.g. palpation= tenderness, inspection= misalignment • X-ray confirmatory, visualizes whether a bone is intact or there is a fracture, and its location.
- 7. Medical-Surgical intervention Basic rule> placing bone in place then allow healing process • Analgesia • NSAIDS • Surgery e.g. vertebra fracture urgent • Cast immobilization- plaster placed to reposition bone immobilize for healing • Functional cast- special cast allows controlled movement at joints
- 8. Ct.. • Traction- bones aligned then gentle, steady pulling action applied • External fixation- pins inserted to broken bones then hold outside by a rod • Open reduction and internal fixation- surgical repositioning of the bones(reduced) then aligned held by special screws with the bones
- 9. Traction
- 11. Functional cast
- 13. Recovery • Healing process is after weeks to months depending on age, extent of the fracture, diet and adherence to medical advise. • After cast removal pt. should have minimal movements and exercise to strengthen muscles
- 14. Prevention • Proper diet> Ca and vit. D • Weight bearing exercises e.g. weightlifting and jogging.
- 15. Nursing Dx • Acute pain- related to injury of nerve damage evidenced by patient complaining of pain • Impaired skin integrity related to insertion of traction screws as evidenced by itching sensation at the site of fracture • Impaired physical mobility- related to restrictive therapy(limb immobilization) as evidenced by imposed restrictions
- 16. Nursing Mgt. Relieve pain by; Elevation of injured site> improves venous return and reduce edema Cold ice pack contact> vasoconstriction BV supplying the site Provide alternative comfort e.g. backrub to promote circulation Maintain immobilized area> prevent displacement = pain Administering NSAIDS/ analgesia. Preventing impaired skin integrity by cleansing site of traction Preventing bed sores by massaging patient.
- 17. References • http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a0 0139 • http://www.webmd.boots.com/a-to-z- guides/bone-fractures-types-symptoms- prevention • http://nurseslabs.com/8-fracture-nursing- care-plans/5/
- 18. THANK YOU …