Urbanization refers to the increasing concentration of population in cities and the transformation of land use to an urban pattern. It is driven by economic factors as people migrate from rural to urban areas for work opportunities. While urbanization brings economic benefits, it also concentrates environmental impacts like pollution, resource use, and waste generation. To develop more sustainably, cities must improve existing infrastructure and plan future development to minimize environmental footprints while meeting growth needs through compact design and alternative transportation options. Understanding urban systems as complex interacting processes is key to managing urbanization's impacts at local and global scales.
URBAN BASICS
Urbanization and development: Historical Perspective
An Academic Presentation to BdevS, Center for Development Studies
Kathmamndu University
2014
Rajendra P Sharma
rpsharma@mailcity.com
The multiple nuclei model is an economical model created by Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman in the 1945 article "The Nature of Cities". The Model. The model describes the layout of a city, based on Chicago. It says that even though a city may have ...
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describe the multiple nuclei model of cities
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Urban Current Issues and Approaches slides for Sustainable Urban Landscape Design course.
Master Sustainable Urban Design, Razak Faculty, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
URBAN BASICS
Urbanization and development: Historical Perspective
An Academic Presentation to BdevS, Center for Development Studies
Kathmamndu University
2014
Rajendra P Sharma
rpsharma@mailcity.com
The multiple nuclei model is an economical model created by Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman in the 1945 article "The Nature of Cities". The Model. The model describes the layout of a city, based on Chicago. It says that even though a city may have ...
multiple nuclei model example
harris ullman multiple nuclei model
advantages of multiple nuclei model
multiple nuclei model explained
multiple nuclei model example city
los angeles multiple nuclei model
describe the multiple nuclei model of cities
multiple nuclei model strengths
multiple nuclei model example
multiple nuclei model definition
multiple nuclei model example city
multiple nuclei model explained
multiple nuclei model strengths
advantages of multiple nuclei model
nuclei model
multiple nuclei model criticisms
Urban Current Issues and Approaches slides for Sustainable Urban Landscape Design course.
Master Sustainable Urban Design, Razak Faculty, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Lecture (second of three parts) for the 2018 UP Plano Board Exam Review Sessions; content credited to The City Reader (2016) and my Plan 201 learnings.
An urban area is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be cities, towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages. Any portion of earth’s surface where physical conditions are homogeneous can be considered as a Region in geographic sense, ranging from a single feature region to compage, depending on the
criteria used for delineation. In practice, a prefix is added to highlight the attributes on which the region has been defined, for example, agriculture region, resource region, city region, planning region.
All the daily activities of human beings are carried out on land. Proper organization of these activities i.e. planning will help the human being in leading a richer and fuller life in livable surroundings or environment. "Planning" means the scientific, aesthetic, and orderly disposition of land, resources, facilities and services with a view to securing the physical, economic and social efficiency, health and well-being of urban and rural communities.
After a grand success of Mud Races India Part - 1, We are pleased to invite you all on 27, Feb and 28, Feb ' 2016 in Mud Races India Part - 2.
Mud Races India is a team event (as you all are MRI Team) few kms obstacle run. Specially designed by our Ex Army Commandos to test your physical and above all mental strength.
Team spirit that emerges out of Mud Races India is hard to be formed any where other that Army. A world class natural obstacle course which will give you an adrenaline rush.
Lecture (second of three parts) for the 2018 UP Plano Board Exam Review Sessions; content credited to The City Reader (2016) and my Plan 201 learnings.
An urban area is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be cities, towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages. Any portion of earth’s surface where physical conditions are homogeneous can be considered as a Region in geographic sense, ranging from a single feature region to compage, depending on the
criteria used for delineation. In practice, a prefix is added to highlight the attributes on which the region has been defined, for example, agriculture region, resource region, city region, planning region.
All the daily activities of human beings are carried out on land. Proper organization of these activities i.e. planning will help the human being in leading a richer and fuller life in livable surroundings or environment. "Planning" means the scientific, aesthetic, and orderly disposition of land, resources, facilities and services with a view to securing the physical, economic and social efficiency, health and well-being of urban and rural communities.
After a grand success of Mud Races India Part - 1, We are pleased to invite you all on 27, Feb and 28, Feb ' 2016 in Mud Races India Part - 2.
Mud Races India is a team event (as you all are MRI Team) few kms obstacle run. Specially designed by our Ex Army Commandos to test your physical and above all mental strength.
Team spirit that emerges out of Mud Races India is hard to be formed any where other that Army. A world class natural obstacle course which will give you an adrenaline rush.
The Role of the City’s Shape in Urban Sustainability drboon
Cities are the main leak of Country. The process of urbanization denounces the need to transform settlement from a weak point to the strength of the future sustainability. Urban shape is deeply related to the availability of the energy sources in the territory, comparing city’s behaviour to a living organism dependents on the energy flow into and out. This one-to-one relationship between form and energy sources emphasizes mutations engender each other on their develop and decline. According to scientific studies, relevant “physical” factors affect directly settlement’s energy behavior and its microclimate. The ability of each city to work simultaneously on local and global objectives has driven Europe to indicate them as a crux and urban design as the appropriate tool for defining the shape compatible with sustainability goals. The use of this tool becomes prerogative to bear on urban form and reach the condition of self-sustainable energy’s island.
Crisis Response Journal speaks to Sir David King, Future Cities CatapultEmily Hough
Emily Hough finds out more about the Future Cities Catapult initiative, a global laboratory and hub that have been set up to help shape the urban environment of the future. Out now in Crisis Response Journal, 10:1
EIP Water Action Group City Blueprints September 2013EIP Water
The City Blueprint for Water is a baseline assessment of the sustainability of water management in a city (or other dominantly urban region). The result allows a city to quickly understand how advanced it is in sustainable water management and enables it to compare its status with other leading cities.
This project is one of nine Action Groups selected by the European Commission as an initial EIP Water Action Group.
Sixteen cities/regions have participated so far (August 2013) and many others are being approached. This is an opportunity to take part in a new and innovative programme to help improve city-level water stewardship, in the spirit of smart and sustainable cities.
The basic output is a simple radar chart as shown in the example from Melbourne at the top of this page. The chart provides a quick visual representation of the city’s water stewardship status, and is a tool for easy comparison between cities. It covers 24 key water-related subject areas, such as water footprint, water scarcity, water quality, drinking water availability and wastewater management.
A City Blueprint is just the first step on a journey of communication and cooperation between cities. A key intention is to encourage cities to share their best practices with others, and for all to improve. A website will be developed to facilitate this. All cities are different. Some are advanced in a few or many subject areas. Some have much work to do. The aim is not to highlight failings, but instead to help a city identify areas of focus for improvement, and to learn from the best practices of others, as well as demonstrating and sharing their own best practices.
Eco City Development towards Developing Low Carbon SocietyMD. SAIDUR RAHMAN
This presentation focuses on eco-city development initiatives in developing countries towards developing low carbon society. Rapid urbanization in developing countries may be the most significant demographic transformation in our century as it restructures national economies and reshapes the lives of billions of people. At the same time, urbanization has also contributed to environmental and socioeconomic challenges, including climate change, pollution, congestion, and the rapid growth of slums. But as a major style of residential environment, city, has been endowed new contents by new ideas ever emerged in the history and eco-city development has emerged as a way to address climate change issues in the context of developing sustainable cities in developing countries. Eco-cities have the potential to address many of the problems like climate change and socio-economic aspects associated with urban development, as does the concept of sustainable development in an urban setting. Drawing on lessons learned from the planning and development process of several low-carbon eco-cities, this paper explores the potential of an integrated urbanism approach for developing countries. The objective is not only to mitigate factors contributing to climate change, but to manage risk, maximize resilience, and promote the successful economic and social growth of the urban eco community in developing countries. An integrated urbanism approach to planning may give us the tools to leapfrog the environmental and public health costs of economic progress and create a new model for cities across the developing world.
HOW TO MAKE THE UTOPIA OF BUILDING GREEN AND SMART CITIES A REALITY IN ALL CO...Faga1939
This article aims to present how to make the utopia of building green and smart cities in all countries come true to eliminate the dystopia represented by increasingly degraded cities in the vast majority of countries in the world. Building green cities means making cities sustainable. Every city reaches the condition of smart city when its managers consider it as a system and make use of information technology in its planning and control process. Sustainable cities are cities that have an economic and social development policy compatible with the natural and built environment. Making a sustainable city is not an easy task, but it is not an impossible task either. The big challenge is to think about all the parts related to the construction of a city in a systemic way, encompassing economic, social and environmental aspects. Every city reaches the condition of smart city when its managers consider it as a system and make use of information technology in its planning and control process, counting on the effective support of its population. Information technology allows city managers to interact directly with their executing agencies and with the population and monitor what is happening in the city and how the city is evolving in real time. It can be said that most global environmental problems originate in cities, which makes it difficult for them to be sustainable without at the same time being smart cities. It is imperative, therefore, that cities are sustainable and intelligent.
Philip Lohrmann speaks as a representative of the civilian-layman-environmental enthusiast margin and is currently a construction project manager working out of Shanghai. Philip’s educational background is in Civil Engineering with a focus on the environmental and structural disciplines, particularly water resources. His work experience includes LEED projects in Shanghai, river restoration projects on the West Coast of the United States, and water quality studies in Indiana and Zhejiang. He has also served as a volunteer with community-led local green energy initiatives, disaster relief efforts in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, and the non-profit organization Green Empowerment which conceives and implements water, energy and bio-sphere protection projects in South America and Southeast Asia. His turnoffs are end-of-the-tailpipe solutions, end-of-the-conveyor belt quality checks, and need-of-the-moment firefighting.
In recent years, sustainability concept has become the common interest of numerous disciplines.
What does it mean by sustainability and why it become essential concept?
Megan gave a fascinating talk showcasing her work on network analysis of virtual water trade. We discussed water and food security in the context of population growth, economic development and climate change.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Urbanization: Brief History & Future Outlooks
1.
2. What is urbanization?
The migration of people from rural areas and villages
into high-population-density “cities”, and the
associated growth of these cities and the
transformation of their physical, social and economic
environment (Elie’s)
Another definition is thus: “An increasing concentration
of the population in cities and a transformation of land
use to an urban pattern of organization.”
3. • Urbanization is a global
trend, but it is fastest
in developing countries
which still have a low
urban population
percentage
• It is ongoing: more
cities are created and
megacities (like
Moscow) can grow
even bigger
5. When and why did humanity start
urbanizing?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_by_time_of_continuous
_habitation
Homo sapiens have existed on earth for about 200,000 years, but
cities have existed for less than 10,000 years.
A long time ago: ~5000 BC large permanent settlements started
appearing around the Mediterranean. Cities needed developed
agriculture to produce surplus food outside of cities for them.
Maybe because we found cities to be more stable, prosperous and
safe (back when cities were better defended against invaders)
… in any case the, the main motivations for people to move to
urban areas today are economic, and the incentives remain very
strong
Thus urbanization will continue
9. Where are we today?
More at:
http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wup20
07/2007WUP_Highlights_web.pdf
10. Where are we today?
http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/maps_1_2009.htm
11. Urbanization and per capita GDP: e.g. China
http://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/reports/pdfs/c
hina_urban_billion/China_urban_billion_full_r
eport.pdf
Urban population > 50% ~ 2014
The Economist
12. So where does this leave us?
Urbanization will continue and eventually, at
some point, most countries will have urbanization
rates > 80%
Thus the question is How to Urbanize? And
1. preserve the environmental quality in cities
2. avoid significant regional and global impacts of
urban areas
This is where a combination of
policy, science, engineering is needed
13. How does it affect the environment?
Changes the surface to solid, impervious material
with different thermal properties
Changes the topology of the surfaces from low
roughness vegetation or porous forests to
complex bluff bodies (buildings)
Reduces natural water vapor release to the
atmosphere (surfaces do not hold water), but
Increases the anthropogenic production of heat
and water vapor
Increases the emissions of air pollutants and
greenhouse gases
14. So is it “bad”?
Not necessarily:
1. Buildings, with small apartments and shared walls, need less
energy to heat and cool than big houses.
2. Compact cities reduce commuting and transportation
impacts (but create traffic jams that can take back some of
these advantages), are more amenable to public
transportation solutions (but food and other things might
have to be transported from far away)
So on average, city residents pollute less and emit less GHG,
http://eau.sagepub.com/content/early/2011/01/08/095624781039
2270
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTUWM/Resources/GHG_Inde
x_Mar_9_2011.pdf
15. Per capita, city residents emit less GHGs
Thanks Liuye
5.5 2005
…except in developing countries
where the urban population is
much richer than rural populations
http://eau.sagepub.com/content/early/2011/01/08/0956247810392270
16. But it is concentrated
Higher density means all of these impacts are concentrated
rather than diluted.
Urban environmental problems are very local: cities cover ~
3-4% of the earth’s land surface
(http://www.livescience.com/6893-cities-cover-earth-
realized.html)
Cities can have an impact on regional climate and
environment, especially if large or concentrated (10% of
coastal areas are urbanized coastal cities)
Cities can have serious impacts on water quality in adjacent
water bodies and need very large waste landfills
Unlikely to have a major direct impact on global climate!
…yet
17. Environmental Footprint of Cities 1
An environmental footprint, of a product, city, or process, is the equivalent
land surface needed to sustainably produce the material, food, and other
items needed to make the product, sustain the city’s activity, or perform
the process. (Read “Our ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on
the Earth” by Wackernagel and Rees)
London has an area of 170,000 ha but an environmental footprint of
21,000,000 ha.
On average, slum dwellers in New Delhi, India, require only 0.8 hectares of
land per capita to maintain their minimal lifestyles, while Americans in
Boston or New York need 8.4 hectares of land per capita to support their
consumption levels.
http://ww2.unhabitat.org/cdrom/wuf/documents/Dialogues/Added%20m
aterial%20during%20WUF%20II/Urban%20Sustainability/Presentation%20
by%20Mr.%20Bakary%20Kante.pdf
18. Environmental Footprint of Cities 2
Another possible use of “environmental footprint of a
city” is to indicate the surrounding area where the
impacts of the city are directly felt, maybe in terms of air
quality, hydrometeorological parameters, or other
environmental variables.
Areas in red depict the dimensions
of the main aerosol mass
emanating from Beijing during the
opening weekend of the Summer
Olympics. Models predict cleaner
skies in the starting days of the
Games. Image: Greg
Carmichael/University of Iowa.
19. So the question is
How to Urbanize more
sustainably?
Improve the functioning of existing cities
Building better future cities
But cities are complex and we need to
understand individual processes, how they
interact, and how they function together in
the “urban system”
20. Large
Picture:
Urban
Systems
Modeling
Each
subprocess
is complex
Processes
Interact &
compete
http://www.cdm.com/en-
us/Insights/Neysadurai-Centre/Urban-Systems-