Urbanization And Urban Growth

Urbanization and Urban Growth
Population distribution: Urbanization and Urban growth An urban area is defined as a town or city plus its adjacent suburban fringes with a population
of between10,000–50,000. A rural area usually is defined as an area with a population of less than 2,500 people. Urbanization is the process in
which people increasingly move from rural areas to densely populated cities; also involves the transformation of rural areas into urban areas. A
country's degree of urbanization is the percentage of its population living in an urban area. Urban growth is the rate of increase of urban populations.
Urban areas grow in two ways: by natural increase (more births than deaths) and by immigration (mostly from rural areas). Migration is influenced by
...show more content...
In addition, high population densities in urban areas can increase spread of infectious diseases and physical injuries. в–Є The cities affect the
environmental health of rural areas and the planet along with the health of their inhabitants. Cities grow at the expense of the surrounding countryside,
which geographers refer to as the hinterland. The loss of farmland and forested area and the drain of water, energy, and food resources can lead to a
loss of ecologic integrity and reduced carrying capacity in the rural hinterland as well as surrounding smaller settlements. в–Є As human settlements
grow to become large industrial centers, further modification of the physical environment occurs. Some of these modifications can lead to increased
risk from natural hazards, which include floods, landslides, earthquakes, cyclones, and volcanic eruptions. The increased potential for exposure to
natural hazards associated with the urban setting is part of urban environmental risk. в–Є One of the obvious changes associated with urbanization of a
natural landscape is the increase in impermeable surfaces. Roads, parking lots, and buildings all modify natural surfaces, which has a significant impact
on the hydrologic cycle. The impact of urbanization on the hydrologic cycle comes with the depletion of groundwater resources. If aquifers become
depleted, they may undergo compaction. в–Є Large urban centers can contribute to atmospheric and even
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The Importance Of Urbanization
3) Urbanization is extremely rapid across the world. So, it is very important for every developing as well as the developed countries to make a
Resilient city. Resilient cities are the one that has developed capacities to help absorb future shocks and stresses to its social, economic, and technical
systems and infrastructures to still be able to maintain essentially the same functions, structures, systems, and identity." As the definition clearly states
about how to make the city to be more stable due to extreme usage of resources that leads to the degradation of resources and the environment.
Throughout the world due to the increase in the urbanization that is shift of people from the rural places to the urban region in search of employment.
This is due rapid growth of industries where they are need of people for working. Due to this there is a rapid utilization of resources and also there is a
economic downturn that has led to the poverty.
There are seven key elements that form a resilient city they are A) Renewable Energy city which involves the usage of renewable power source like
water, solar, wind and many other renewable resources. B)Carbon Neutral City in this complete zero emission is maintained that can also be said as
zero emission city. C) Distributed City this involves the distributed population in a place to reduce the population density and make that 'Green
Infrastructure'. D) Photosynthetic City will have a greener place by growing the food locally andto

Urbanisation: City and Urban Areas
Introduction
Urbanization is increasing in both the developed and developing countries. However, rapid urbanization, particularly the growth of large cities, and the
associated problems of unemployment, poverty, inadequate health, poor sanitation, urban slums and environmental degradation pose a formidable
challenge in many developing countries. Available statistics show that more than half of the world's 6.6 billion people live in urban areas, crowded
into 3 percent of the earth's land area (Angotti, 1993; UNFPA, 1993). The proportion of the world'spopulation living in urban areas, which was less
than 5 percent in 1800 increased to 47 percent in 2000 and is expected to reach 65 percent in 2030 (United Nations, 1990; 1991). However, more...show
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Government development policies and budget allocations, which often favour urban residents over rural areas, tend to pull people into the urban areas.
In the cities, public investment, which often misses the urban poor, with expenditures biased towards the higher–income classes and poverty among
vulnerable groups such as new migrants force them into slums and squatter settlements.
Challenges of urbanisation
Cities throughout the world exhibit an incredible diversity of characteristics, economic structures, levels of infrastructure, historic origins, patterns of
growth, and degrees of formal planning. Yet, many of the problems that they face are strikingly familiar. For one thing, as cities grow, they become
increasingly diverse. Every city has its relatively more affluent and relatively poorer neighborhoods. But in developing countries, poorer neighborhoods
can have dramatically lower levels of basic services. Consequently, a large number of urban residents in developing countries suffer to a greater or
lesser extent from severe environmental health challenges associated with insufficient access to clean drinking water, inadequate sewerage facilities,
and insufficient solid waste disposal. A major recent United Nations report on the state of

Essay on Urbanization and Human Influence
Urbanization and Human Influence
It is estimated that by the year 2000, half the world population will live in urban environments (Porter and Brown, 1996). The US Bureau of the
Census defines an area as being urbanized if a central city and its closely settled surrounding territory are of a certain size with 50,000 people and
density of at least 1,000 people per square mile (Knox, 1994). A component of the definition denotes that human influence is a main aspect of urbanized
areas in the process of urbanization. Unfortunately in order to create an urbanized area, a natural environment must be destroyed. Urbanization and
human activity within an urban system produces many destructive and irreversible effects on natural environments such...show more content...
The average maximum temperature difference in a city can be 3 degrees Celsius compared to its surrounding areas (Keller, 1996). Urbanization and
human activity creates a microclimate that is not environmentally healthful.
Urban environments produce air pollution that harm the natural environment. Much of air pollution is concentrated in and around urban areas, where
automobiles and industry emit mass amounts of waste into the environment. Visible air pollution, known as smog, is present in nearly all urbanized
areas. Not only are humans affected adversely by bad air quality, animals also suffer. Air pollution can also curb vegetation growth and reduce crop
yields. Air pollution from human activities harm all living creatures in the urbanized world.
Human land use affects soils in the environment and increases the potential for erosion. There is a sharp peak in the amount of soil and sediment
erosion after the construction phase of urbanization. Sediment can either be blown or washed away with rain and movement. Soil can also be scraped
off and lost inducing desertification. Once sensitive soil are disturbed, they may lower strengths when they are altered. This loss of strength increases
the potential for landslides. This is especially true in areas of high densities of people and supporting structures such as roads, homes, and buildings.
Urbanization disturbs soil and sediment which leads to erosion.
Human use of

The Causes And Effects Of Urbanization In Africa
In developed and developing countries, urban centers have been an alternative center for human settlement and hence, the rate of urbanization is
increasing at the turn of this century. Recent studies indicate that at the beginning of the twentieth century, only 10% of the world's population lived in
urban areas. However, currently, half of the world's population has become urban dwellers (UNCHS, 2002). This shows that urbanization all over the
world is expanding from time to time and the change has vast implication on the living conditions of the urban society. Due to rapid urbanization, the
concentration of people especially, in cities and towns of developing countries increasingly aggravated the problem of housing. A large proportion of
residents in cities and towns developed as well as developing countries are tenants (UN–HABITAT, 2003).
The level of urbanization in the world as a whole was about 46.6 percent in 2000, 50.6 percent in 2010 and it is supposed to reach 57.2 percent in
2025. The corresponding figures for African countries are 36.0 percent, 40.0 percent, and 47.2 percent respectively. Ethiopia was 14.9 percent urban
in 2000 and 16.7 percent in 2010 and it is projected to be 21.3 percent urban by 2025. However, urbanization is occurring rapidly in Ethiopia, and it is
expected that urban growth rate will remain the fastest with some decline in Ethiopia than in other African countries on average (UN World
Urbanization Prospects, 2011).
The Ethiopia's economy is

The Importance Of Urbanization
Since China is a developing country with a large population, the scale of urbanization is expanding, and urban structure becomes increasingly
complex and the speed of urbanization is accelerating (Huang & Duan, 2004) since China's reform and opening up. Rapid urbanization is the main
driving force of urban land growth (Li et al, 2015). Moreover, now and in the next few decades, the spatial expansion of construction land is becoming
the main feature of land–use changing (Yi, 2015). The study of the spatial–temporal characteristics of construction land expansion will further deepen
understanding the nature of the urbanization (Lin, 2007).
A growing body of literature has documented various methods to study the rapid expansion of urban (Wei, 2017). Remote sensing data and GIS
spatial analysis were used to study the spatial expansion and external morphological evolution of urban or urban agglomerations (Shang et al, 2013; Li
et al, 2015; Yi et al, 2015). Urban expansion and surface temperature information on Landsat satellite images were to study urban expansion and thermal
environment changes (Li & Xu, 2014). In addition, the landscape metrics also could be used to study urbanization and analyze the spatial–temporal
pattern of urban sprawl (Lv et al, 2012; C.Seto & Fragkias, 2005; Zeng et al, 2012). Recently, urban growth models were widely used to simulation the
future development of the city, such as the SLEUTH model, and the spatial regression model (E.A.Silva &

The Effects of Urbanization
Urbanization
Urbanization is the gradual constant increase in the population of people in urban areas or rather cities. Urbanization is mostly associated with the
rural–urban migration phenomenon that takes place when people move in large numbers from rural areas into urban areas in order to seek a better
life quality (R.Faridi, 2012) (Tellnes P, 2014). As much as that can be said it is the only way that the population increases, people may also move
from other their own urban areas to other more urbanized areas if they chose to do so. In its initial phase, urbanization was mostly influenced by people
wanting better jobs than those they had on the country side, so people moved to more modernized places as agriculture was now being less...show more
content...
The downfall of urbanisation is that it cause more problems for the city as it adds to the population of the city and in most cases this increase was not
planned for, and therefore leads to whole lot of development plans failing and having to change in order to try and cope with the constant increase of
the population in the city (Davis, 1955). With people moving from rural settlements to urban area, in most cases they do not have enough resource to
survive in the city and they forced to find alternative sources to try and get their basic needs like shelter and food, and that is why an increase in
informal settlements and other illegal dwellings that get erected (R.Faridi, 2012). Urbanisation also accounts for irregular planning that takes place in
city expansions.
When a city plans to have certain expansion programmes and sets the timeline for the developments to start, the problems comes in when all of this
urbanisation is taking place and now all the focus has to put into trying and finding solutions and accommodations for all these people coming into
the city and now the city has to make decision here and there as to how to solve this irregular expansion of the city (Davis, 1955). This when all the
high rise buildings come into play as not that much land was available or not enough land was set out for residential purposes, and now this another
form of trying to solve the problem before it escalates

Urbanization Of Urban Population Growth Essay
1.Introduction
The century is witnessing a greater migration of the world's population into urban dwellers. This movement of people into major towns and cities of the
world is caused by rapid sprawl and it is observed in developed and developing countries. The increasing population observed is inevitable; therefore the
solution to urban problems depends essentially on effective planning, infrastructural management and development. Usually, unplannedpopulation
growth is associated with population demands that supersede infrastructure and service capacity, leading to the degradation of the environment. (Asoka
et al., 2013).
Urbanization is very important, but development is carried out at the expense of deforestation, destruction of biotope, fragmentation of ecosystems,
shrinking of the open space among many other things. Acity should be a complex system that entails several interactive sub–systems, it should be
affected by various factors including governmental land policies, population growth, transportation infrastructure, market behavior to mention just a
few. In spite of their regional economic importance, urban population growth has a substantial impact on the neighboring urban ecosystem (Yuan,
Sawaya et al. 2005).
Land use and transportation systems can be considered as the two most vital subsystems determining the long term urban form and structure.
Meanwhile, urban growth is one of the most important topics in urban studies, and its main driving forces are

Impact Of Urbanization On Urban Areas
1.Urbanization deals with the number of people in urban places and also refers to the process of people moving to cities or other heavily settled
places. The term urbanization also describes changes in social organization that happens as a consequence of heavily populated areas. Urbanization is
a process. It is what happens when rural areas are changed into urban areas. According to Louis Wirth, the components of urbanization include size,
density, and heterogeneity and these are the independent variables that create a distinct way of life called "urbanism." (Palen, 2012) Urbanism refers
to social patterns and behaviors associated with living in urban settings. (Palen, 2012) Urbanism is often seen as a consequence of urbanization. It
deals with changes in values, mores, customs, and behaviors of a population. Urbanism is a response, both socially and behaviorally, to living in a
particular urban area. Urbanism puts an emphasis on competition, achievement, superficiality, anonymity, independence and tangential relationships.
(Palen, 2012) The study of urbanization deals with the urban area as a spatial, economic, and political body. (Palen, 2012) This is generally referred
to by sociologists as a human ecological approach. This is because the study deals with how the ecology of the city developed, especially with the
relationships and dependence of organisms with their environment. The study of urbanism takes a more cultural or social psychological approach

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Basic concepts on urbanization and urban growth
Urbanization and urban growth are two different concepts often found in the literature of urban studies. The distinction should be noted that
urbanization refers to proportion of the national population living in the urban areas, and urban growth refers to an increase in urban population size,
independent of rural population (Haregewoin, 2005). In contrast, urbanization can be viewed and perceived to mean a lot of things depending on how
it is used. It can be viewed as a characteristic of social and economic processes and interactions affecting both population and land. Clark (1982)
defined urbanization as a spatial and social process which refers to the change of behavior and social relationships which occur in a society as a
result of people living in towns and cities (Nduwayezu, 2015). Oguz (2004) argued that urbanization has been increasing since World War II, and has
not shown any sign of decline and is likely to continue in to the twenty first century. Fast urbanization has led to a conversion of rural area in to
built–up areas and loss of green spaces in cities. These changes in land use and land cover concern loss of agricultural, forest land and loss of vacant
areas.
According to Lind field and Steinberg (2012) Urbanization is a highly dynamic process that takes place in cities and puts pressure on the urban
environment. This is being fueled by population explosion throughout that world. A

Conclusion On Urbanisation In Mumbai
Urbanisation is the phenomenon where the population of cities and town increases. It is because the people move from rural areas to towns and cities
expecting good job, and better life. There will be a drastic change in socio economic, and climate change due to urbanisation. When the resource is not
efficiently used the population tend to settle in centralised, and compact informal areas of city and town leading to creation of slums. It is often said
that formation of slums is not expected with rapid urbanisation; however presence of the slums in most of the developing countries that are rapidly
urbanising contradicts this statement.
Fast urbanization and thick slum population intensify the difficulties of giving access to safe water and sanitation administrations. South Asia has seen
a fast rise in urbanization, and around 35% of India's population now lives in urban areas.( F. Giovannetti, Guidance note on urban resettlement:
Mumbai urban transport project) The greater part of the number of inhabitants in India's biggest city, Mumbai, which is situated in the western state of
Maharashtra, dwells in urban slums, despite the fact that slums involve just around 8.75% of the city's land.( Justice H. Suresh, M. Kothari, K.
Fernandes et al., Bulldozing Rights: Report on the forced evictions and housing policies for the poor in Mumbai) Of the roughly 12 million individuals
in Mumbai, more than 6 million live in slums, roughly 1 million live on the asphalt, and another 2 million

Urbanization and Its Effects
Introduction Chapter No. 1
Urbanization brings about a social change. This is most prominent in the expansion of entrepreneurship and industrialization. It is known that the
progress of the landless laborer and the absorption of wealth into a few hands promote urbanization. A lot of people say that urbanization is the
predictable outcome of economic growth, with the increase of expert craftsmen, merchants, and proprietors. Urban growth or urbanization brings an
attraction for the people residing in rural areas. They get attracted by the luxuries, comforts and opportunities which people of cities are enjoying.
Both the natural increase (population growth) and net migration are the major contributory factors to urban growth. As in other...show more content...
Unfortunately, in July–August 2010 the agriculture output reduced which contributed to a jump in inflation. Government funds were spent on the
recreation and reconstruction which led to limited recourses with the government.
Pakistan keeps on emphasizing on the reduction of poverty, illiteracy, terrorism and social protection. It also works hard to enhance the weakest
sections of the society. Pakistan also has a vital infrastructure, especially in water management, transport, communication, education and energy.
The economy is of Pakistan is divided into three sectors; agriculture, industry and services. The contribution to total GDP is mentioned below in terms
of percentages. Agriculture includes farming, fishing and forestry. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, construction and power production.
Services include communications, finance, transportation etc. The distribution will total less than 100% if the data is incomplete. Agriculture has a
contribution of 21.2% in the total GDP of Pakistan. Industry sector has 25.4% share in the total GDP of Pakistan whereas services sector has the
highest contribution of 53.4%.
Pakistan is facing economic and political instability these days. The government is also destabilized and losing its control. The rapid development of
cities is a regular and a persistent demographic occurrence in most of

Gilded Age Urbanization
Urbanizing and making the United States more modernized descries the goal circulating the Gilded Age. This goal was accomplished but had
consequences that came along with it. The Gilded Age was a time of up and coming innovations and corruption following. When it comes to there
are, "winners" and losers" of the economy, American society, and politics. The Gilded Age was from 1870 through 1890. The main picture of this
era is the vast rapid economy that helped jump start the modernization of the United States. The country became more modernized due to
expansion, improvements and manufacturing. When it comes to expanding, that means expanding the ways of how people live. During the time,
more people had to upgrade their ways of living by moving from small towns to more urban cities. People didn't really have a choice to move as
well as getting use to change. The reason for people moving to urban areas was to take on the job opportunities such as working in factories (Foner,
605). With more business around came more competition and more power to people in charge such as, Andrew Carnegie with his Steel company and
John D. Rockefeller with his oil industry. By just looking at job opportunities and the big businesses you can see who would benefit and who would
loss because of the development of the United States. In conclusion, the big business owner would benefit from this new development due the need of
their product and the power they hold above everyone in their business

Essay On Urbanization In The Gilded Age
Urbanization in America was driven by the massive unskilled immigrants who wanted jobs and an opportunity to start their new life in a country
known to most as "The land of opportunity". Urbanization have made many changes to America. The cities have become a place to look for
opportunities and a popular place to migrate for work either for the people from the rural area or immigrants from outside the county. Which will then
lead to political issues and finally the restriction of immigration itself. The process of Urbanization started in the late 1800's triggered by the Industrial
Revolution and Industrialization. Several factors played in the process one of which is the Gilded Age who had a crucial importance in relation to the
shift from...show more content...
It has attracted many who are looking for work and a factor of a new exciting way of living. For young men from the rural areas the big cities
seemed to offer unlimited job, the ability to enjoy new modern technology such as electricity, transportation, and the telephone. A popular magazine
of the era pointed out "The towns are being recruited by those too poor to be able to live in the country as well as by those too rich to be willing to live
there".
Not only did people from the rural area came to look for occupation in the cities, immigrants from outside the country started coming into the country to
look for new opportunities. Immigration from around the world expanded the size of the cities where most of the eleven million immigrants who
arrived in the United States between 1870 and 1900 settled in cities where they were most likely to find employment. An excerpt of letter from Poland
states
As to Michael, we tried by all means to persuade him not to go, particularly I told him about his journey, how it would be, and that he would be
obliged to work heavily. But he always answered that he is ready to work, but he wants to get to America and be with you. As the mother was
explaining to one of her son that his brother wanted to come with him and live in America. Even though it is known to be a harsh environment only for
the strong and motivated, many men wanted to make a better living for themselves and their family.
In the last 30 years urbanization have

Essay about Problems Due To Urbanization
Recently, as developed countries, many cities have become more suitable to live in with all facilities that people need in favor of a comfortable live
style. Therefore, many people migrate from rural areas to urban areas in a process so called urbanization (Wikipedia, 2009). Urbanization has become
one of the most important issues facing both people live and governments in most countries. An important term that has been suggested as a policy to
solve the problems associated with urbanization is sustainable development. Sustainable development might be defined as a balance between human
needs and saving the environment (Wikipedia, 2009). This essay aims to examine the problems of urbanization as well as will discussing how that the
policy...show more content...
The second point is traffic congestion. ''It is a condition on networks that occurs as use increases, and is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip
times, and increased queuing'' (Wikipedia, 2009). For instance, in Los Angeles, ten years ago the number of population was 8.8 million. This number
associated with 6 million automobiles with 45 million journeys each day. Whereas, in 2010, is estimated that the number of journeys will be increased
up to 60 million (Thisdell, 1993. pp2).
Finally, air pollution might be a result of the previous problems, because with all these numbers of people using their own vehicles, they may
contaminate the environment by cars' emissions. Stephen Gislason (2009) pointed out ''cities have become islands of toxic chemicals from the
unrestrained use of vehicles burning fossil fuels''.
In order to solve the problems which mentioned earlier, there are several possible solutions. First of all, government must continuo combating the
increasing of automobiles either by imposing route tax or introducing more congestion charge. An example of this can be seen in Manchester, which
has been recently set congestion charge in the city center to decrease numbers of automobiles, particularly at rush hour (BBC, 2007). This approach
appears to work well in Manchester.
Secondly, cities should improve its public transport to offer a convenient

Urbanisation
Urbanisation builds an equitable society The process of people moving into cities, which is called urbanisation, was happening around the world in
past decades. It causes cities to have more labourers and resources than before. This makes a big contribution to the social development of cities.
Thanks to these social developments, public services are becoming better in these areas. Citizens can enjoy a better life by access these public services
such as better medical care, more education resources and well–built transport. It means an equitable society can be created. An equitable society means
citizens can have more opportunities to access social resources and to live a better life. This essay will argue that...show more content...
This evidence shows that urbanisation contributes a lot to the public transport system in Guangdong. There have built several different kinds of public
transports that can connect to many other cities. People can use these public transports equally. By using these convenient transports, people can live a
high–efficiency life because less time is spent on the way. That is to say, even those people far away from Guangdong can go to Guangdong quickly
and access the resources in Guangdong more easily. So people can enjoy different kinds of resources equally because of convenient transport.
Secondly, urbanisation brings more goods to citizens and people can improve their life quality by using these goods. According to Li & Yao
(2009, p. 1995), electrical appliances are becoming popular because of urbanisation. For example, air conditional owner–ship is rapidly growing up in
China. Some families even have more than two units. From this evidence, it can be showed that urbanisation brings more modernised goods such as
air conditioners to citizens. Citizens can access these useful goods more easily and they are able to live a higher standard life by using these goods.
They have the same opportunities to buy these goods to improve their life quality. This means the opportunities to improve thequality of life can
become equal in the society. All in all, urbanisation builds an equitable

Why Does Urbanization Occur? Essay
Urbanisation is the process which has led to an increasing proportion of a country's population living within urban areas. It is impossible to say
exactly when the process began, but in Britain it was around the time of the industrial revolution. Many people moved from rural to urban areas in
search of regular employment. The MEDC's around the world are all urbanised now, with annual growth rates of urbanisation still increasing, but
sustainably. LEDC's however are still rapidly urbanising. In this essay I am going to look at all the factors that cause urbanisation and evaluate why it
is occurring.
The economic reasons behind urbanisation are mainly decided by industry. Industry is generally located in urban areas. Any industry needs...show more
content...
In general any main government base is in an urban area (usually the capital city). This works best for any government because this is where most
things are going on in the country. The government has a major impact on what is going on around the country. In MEDC's 75% of the population
lives in urban areas. It seems best for any government to see what is going on in the country and be close to its people.
Similarly in LEDC's the government in charge would find it much easier to operate in a country if it was right in the main part where food and
resources would be more readily available. Also the government would be able to see what was going on in the country and would find it easier to
collect taxes and improve the country. The fact that the government is located in urban areas contributes to the migration factors because many people
would move for the services and jobs that a government provides.
Environmental factors don't affect those living in MEDC's so much because they are generally rich enough to get hold of water, energy and food even
if it isn't close because they can usually arrange a means of transport.
However in LEDC's environmental factors are extremely important, people are sometimes forced to leave rural areas because of the poverty that is
often faced. Also droughts are quite common which can leave a family with no food or water. Putting this into consideration, people often migrate.
Socially, there are many

Effects Of Urbanization
Essay
Urbanization is an increasing number of city dwellers compared to people living in rural areas. Urban development in poor nations has resulted in
multiple issues such as air pollution and health problems. Urban growth puts an enormous strain on social services. This essay will explain how rapid,
uncontrolled urbanization has led to serious consequences in developing countries.
Urbanization leads to several health issues. One of these problems is a rise of epidemic. Because of a dramatically number of people, it may become
more difficult to deal with an outbreak. These epidemics occur at an incredible speed, hence, controlling them must be a big question for the authorities
(Berley 2016). Not only does the speed happen swiftly but...show more content...
The hospitals as well as the healthcare centre are overload, and they are not able to provide the healthcare insurance for all patients. In addition, a
shortage of medicines and drugs is a serious issue. Because of a great number of people, the demanding of vaccines and medicines underwent a
significant growth. In the past, one–in–five children cannot have a full vaccine program, but today even children in the urban areas also suffer the lack
of vaccines. Moreover, when the outbreaks spread out the source of medicine will not be adequate for all people.
Moreover, air pollution has caused by the rapid, uncontrolled urbanization in developing countries. Urbanization lead to a negative impact on
economic development since it is expensive to keep the air fresh. China lost nearly 10% of its GDP, India 7.69% and Siri Lanka and Cambodia roughly
8% because of air pollution (Vidal 2016a). A loss of productive labour lead to the lower income average (Vidal 2016a). Thus, the economic in those
developing countries cannot growth as fast as its ability. Air pollution, moreover, contribute to a server impact on agriculture (Kaiman 2014). The toxic
air and smog is preventing the growth of plenty of plants. In China, diseased vegetable is caused by the ambient polluted air (Kaiman 2014). In the
process of nurturing such plants, the quality of the plants may be affected significantly. Moreover, the health of

Urbanization can be simply be defined as the change from the rural activities to the urban areas and activities. This is in matters concerning the
population and also the proportion of the people who are concentrated in a certain area and also the increase in the population of the people who
are living in the areas. This also relies under many circumstances such as the ability of the people to change on the situation and also the living
standard of the people and also how the people who are situated in these areas try to adapt and also maintain the changes which are seen in these
areas. The process can also be seen to be the main factor which leads to the development of town or the urban centers as the people move to the
urban areas look for the working environment. This lead to a situation whereby we have the people moving from the rural areas to towns so that they
search for the job and thus making the cities and also the towns to be more concentrated and also become large and larger as the population increase and
also infrastructures develop. The act of urbanization is also much related to immigration, this means that many of the urban centers have developed due
to the act of immigration in many countries in the world. This paper will tackle on the matters concerning the act of urbanization and also immigration.
This is through the act of involving Syria and also Turkey as the main countries which are affected by the above two situations ("What Are the Causes of

Urbanization And Urban Growth

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