Excessive Heat is fast emerging as one of the major major urban challenge, leading to global warming. climate change and rising temperature. The need to protect people from extreme heat is one of the key resilience and sustainability challenge of the 21st Century. Rising urban temperature have negative implications for nearly every aspect of urban life’. Accordingly, if urban growth is not made rational, community/climate/people/bio-diversity centric, then humanity is slated to be heading for a manmade disaster/crisis ; crisis worse than one created by the Pandemic Covid 19 . Achieving agenda defined in the SDG 11 shall remain, both a myth and a mirage, if cities are not made cool, inclusive, safe and sustainable.
Marked with high concentration of population, industries, infrastructure and rapid increase in global population, massive migration, globalization and increased mobility, cities are known and recognised as major consumers of black energy , non-renewable resources and generating large waste . In the process, cities are fast becoming promoters of climate change , increasing carbon footprints and global warming .These adverse impacts of cities have been globally recognized as major causes of concern for increasing fragility/vulnerability of humanity, communities, nations and planet earth. Taking cognizance of the fact that, if cities are the causes of numerous distortions and disasters globally; then cities can only offer realistic/appropriate options to make this world more sustainable and livable. Since the operational efficiency, efficacy and productivity of urban areas has genesis in urban planning, development, management and governance, accordingly it becomes important and relevant that planners must come out with a new/realistic/state of art agenda for making urban planning process more focused, efficient, effective , supportive of environment and climate. In addition, Architects on their part must put their best foot forward to make buildings green, sustainable and least consumers of energy and generators of waste/heat; Engineers must ensue universal availability of basic services and amenities in a cost- effective and time-efficient manner; landscape experts must ensure making available open spaces to all the residents on equitable basis; traffic and transport planners must plan for people and promote accessibility rather than mobility; whereas leaders/ officials’ involved in urban governance must ensure that city is managed in a holistic manner, based on transparency, commitment, sincerity, integrity, dedication, equity and universal inclusion.
Considering the fact that rising urban temperature have negative implications for nearly every aspect of urban life’, accordingly, protecting people and communities from adverse impact of global warming, climate change and rising temperature climate change, shall remain one of the key resilience and sustainability challenge of the 21st Century. Accordingly, if urban growth is not made rational, community/climate/people/bio-diversity centric, then humanity is slated to be heading for a crisis ; crisis worse than one created by the Pandemic Covid 19 . Achieving agenda defined in the SDG 11 shall remain, both a myth and a mirage, if cities are not made cool, inclusive, safe and sustainable.
Making cities Climate Responsive and SustainableJIT KUMAR GUPTA
“Decarbonization” of cities ,as an issue ,as an option and as a strategy , has been gaining currency in the parlance of; making planet earth livable and sustainable. “Decarbonization has been globally valued for keeping the global temperature below 1.5C, and achieving the agenda and goals defined in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, defined by UN for achieving universal sustainability. Despite distinct role and relevance, criticality and importance of decarbonization of cities has neither been properly understood and appreciated nor made integral part of the architectural practice and art and science of designing and construction of buildings. Consuming one -third of global energy (33%) and generating 39% of greenhouse gas emissions buildings have been considered as the major player in the domain of climate change and global warming. Since Architects and Architecture are
actively involved in the making and unmaking of buildings, accordingly it becomes important that planners and architects must play a significant role in making
cities and buildings least consumers of energy and generators of the minimum greenhouse gas emissions. This objective can be achieved if decarbonizing cities/buildings is made a distinct reality . Issue of decarbonizing the cities/buildings assumes importance for the reason, that world’s building floorspace is likely to be become double by the year 2060, with the addition of large number of newcities/ buildings due to rapid urbanization, population growth and economic development ; required for catering to
to the needs of additional population opting for urban living.
Despite the fact Heat waves are known to be nature led phenomenon , but growing intensity and
increased frequency of heat waves can be attributed to human based /led activities. Buildings and Cities are major contributors to promoting heat intensity. Cities are known to be more warmer than rural settlements. Cities core are warmer than the urban fringes. Heat footprints vary from city to city and within city. Few neighborhoods are more warmer than other neighborhoods. Planning cities ignoring nature and diluting natural features can be considered as the prime reason for promoting heat and heating the cities. If cities continue to add/generate heat , cities can never be made sustainable and shall be pushing the boundaries of sustainability across the globe, which will not be achieved. We are wrong in our priorities. We are cooling buildings at the cost of outer environment. We are throwing inside heat outdoor, making cities warmer leading to problems of heat wave. We have to rethink, redefine and reshape. Cool cities must become the agenda of planners to think, ponder and our strategies. Instead of cooling buildings we need to cool cities, to minimize consumption of energy. Cool cities in hot regions can emancipate cities issues of global warming and climate change,
Cities remains unique, universal and complex , invariably evolving, devolving, never finite and never defined. Cities create prosperity, poverty, employment, dichotomy and contradictions. Cities are said to be the future of humanity, but cities are also the reason for climate change, global warming , larger carbon footprints and rising temperature - making cities unsafe- both to the natural and manmade disasters. Making cities sustainable remains a challenge, opportunity, mirage and dream. Heading towards uncontrolled urbanisation, cities are pushing humanity into crisis- crisis of population, crisis of poverty and crisis of pollution. Cities remain anti-thesis to sustainability. Cities don't believe in inclusion and cities dies not treat majority of its inhabitants with respect and dignity -providing basic amenities of life to lead a dignified life. Making cities rational, humane, safe , inclusive, livable and sustainable will remain the greatest challenge on the planet earth.
Building Carbon neutral Cities Through Green RoofJIT KUMAR GUPTA
building are known to be largest consumers of enrgy, resources, water and generators of waste. They consume largest energy and responsible for climate change and global warming. Within buildings roof area remains the arae which is most unused, abused and misused space, which can be effectively leveraged to minimise the adverse impact of buildings on resources, energy, climate change etc. It can cool the buildings, bring down the energy use, make cities free from disasters and do large number of positivity to buildinga, climate, environment . Green roofs remains an area, potential of which remains largely unexplored. It needs to studied, analysed with policy options evolved to make it a distict reality in the buildings
Presentation looks at the role, relevance and importance of the cities in polluting environment, generating waste, consuming energy, creating large footprints of buildings and making cities unsustainable. Presentation looks at the issues, genesis of problems of sustainability and suggest options to make them environment friendly, energy/resource efficient, making value addition to environment and ecology and to become a serious partner in making planet earth more liveable and sustainable.
Cities of the future will have to be viewed, considered, planned, designed, constructed and managed based on consideration of sustainability, inclusiveness, safety and security. Cities will have to be role model of conserving land, minimizing the the consumption of energy; making cities water neutral , zero waste, material efficient. Promoting, preserving and making value addition to Climate, environment , ecology and bio-diversity shall be the underlying philosophy of urban planning. Cities will be planned to meet the basic needs of all inhabitants and not their greed. Cities will be held in the co-operative ownership eliminating individual ownership. Cities will be mandated to meet all the basic needs of human living including shelter, food, employment , clothing, education and healthcare. Poorest of the poor will have all the basic amenities. Unplanned, haphazard and sub-standard development will have no place in the city development. Technology will be used for promoting efficiency, economy, productivity and transparency in decision making and working besides connecting communities . Cities will be managed by professionals- architects, planners and engineers and not be bureaucrats, having no knowledge and understanding of the urban development. Cities will create ownership and commitment on the part of all stakeholders. each city will have a well defined vision and mission to achieve. Local governance will have precedent over state's dictates and policies.
Ppt looks at the context if cities, problems faced/created by cities and options to make cities more sustainable- using mechanism of planned development, compact city,Regional Planning, green mobility, greening cities, technologies, leadership and creating accountability with responsibility
Marked with high concentration of population, industries, infrastructure and rapid increase in global population, massive migration, globalization and increased mobility, cities are known and recognised as major consumers of black energy , non-renewable resources and generating large waste . In the process, cities are fast becoming promoters of climate change , increasing carbon footprints and global warming .These adverse impacts of cities have been globally recognized as major causes of concern for increasing fragility/vulnerability of humanity, communities, nations and planet earth. Taking cognizance of the fact that, if cities are the causes of numerous distortions and disasters globally; then cities can only offer realistic/appropriate options to make this world more sustainable and livable. Since the operational efficiency, efficacy and productivity of urban areas has genesis in urban planning, development, management and governance, accordingly it becomes important and relevant that planners must come out with a new/realistic/state of art agenda for making urban planning process more focused, efficient, effective , supportive of environment and climate. In addition, Architects on their part must put their best foot forward to make buildings green, sustainable and least consumers of energy and generators of waste/heat; Engineers must ensue universal availability of basic services and amenities in a cost- effective and time-efficient manner; landscape experts must ensure making available open spaces to all the residents on equitable basis; traffic and transport planners must plan for people and promote accessibility rather than mobility; whereas leaders/ officials’ involved in urban governance must ensure that city is managed in a holistic manner, based on transparency, commitment, sincerity, integrity, dedication, equity and universal inclusion.
Considering the fact that rising urban temperature have negative implications for nearly every aspect of urban life’, accordingly, protecting people and communities from adverse impact of global warming, climate change and rising temperature climate change, shall remain one of the key resilience and sustainability challenge of the 21st Century. Accordingly, if urban growth is not made rational, community/climate/people/bio-diversity centric, then humanity is slated to be heading for a crisis ; crisis worse than one created by the Pandemic Covid 19 . Achieving agenda defined in the SDG 11 shall remain, both a myth and a mirage, if cities are not made cool, inclusive, safe and sustainable.
Making cities Climate Responsive and SustainableJIT KUMAR GUPTA
“Decarbonization” of cities ,as an issue ,as an option and as a strategy , has been gaining currency in the parlance of; making planet earth livable and sustainable. “Decarbonization has been globally valued for keeping the global temperature below 1.5C, and achieving the agenda and goals defined in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, defined by UN for achieving universal sustainability. Despite distinct role and relevance, criticality and importance of decarbonization of cities has neither been properly understood and appreciated nor made integral part of the architectural practice and art and science of designing and construction of buildings. Consuming one -third of global energy (33%) and generating 39% of greenhouse gas emissions buildings have been considered as the major player in the domain of climate change and global warming. Since Architects and Architecture are
actively involved in the making and unmaking of buildings, accordingly it becomes important that planners and architects must play a significant role in making
cities and buildings least consumers of energy and generators of the minimum greenhouse gas emissions. This objective can be achieved if decarbonizing cities/buildings is made a distinct reality . Issue of decarbonizing the cities/buildings assumes importance for the reason, that world’s building floorspace is likely to be become double by the year 2060, with the addition of large number of newcities/ buildings due to rapid urbanization, population growth and economic development ; required for catering to
to the needs of additional population opting for urban living.
Despite the fact Heat waves are known to be nature led phenomenon , but growing intensity and
increased frequency of heat waves can be attributed to human based /led activities. Buildings and Cities are major contributors to promoting heat intensity. Cities are known to be more warmer than rural settlements. Cities core are warmer than the urban fringes. Heat footprints vary from city to city and within city. Few neighborhoods are more warmer than other neighborhoods. Planning cities ignoring nature and diluting natural features can be considered as the prime reason for promoting heat and heating the cities. If cities continue to add/generate heat , cities can never be made sustainable and shall be pushing the boundaries of sustainability across the globe, which will not be achieved. We are wrong in our priorities. We are cooling buildings at the cost of outer environment. We are throwing inside heat outdoor, making cities warmer leading to problems of heat wave. We have to rethink, redefine and reshape. Cool cities must become the agenda of planners to think, ponder and our strategies. Instead of cooling buildings we need to cool cities, to minimize consumption of energy. Cool cities in hot regions can emancipate cities issues of global warming and climate change,
Cities remains unique, universal and complex , invariably evolving, devolving, never finite and never defined. Cities create prosperity, poverty, employment, dichotomy and contradictions. Cities are said to be the future of humanity, but cities are also the reason for climate change, global warming , larger carbon footprints and rising temperature - making cities unsafe- both to the natural and manmade disasters. Making cities sustainable remains a challenge, opportunity, mirage and dream. Heading towards uncontrolled urbanisation, cities are pushing humanity into crisis- crisis of population, crisis of poverty and crisis of pollution. Cities remain anti-thesis to sustainability. Cities don't believe in inclusion and cities dies not treat majority of its inhabitants with respect and dignity -providing basic amenities of life to lead a dignified life. Making cities rational, humane, safe , inclusive, livable and sustainable will remain the greatest challenge on the planet earth.
Building Carbon neutral Cities Through Green RoofJIT KUMAR GUPTA
building are known to be largest consumers of enrgy, resources, water and generators of waste. They consume largest energy and responsible for climate change and global warming. Within buildings roof area remains the arae which is most unused, abused and misused space, which can be effectively leveraged to minimise the adverse impact of buildings on resources, energy, climate change etc. It can cool the buildings, bring down the energy use, make cities free from disasters and do large number of positivity to buildinga, climate, environment . Green roofs remains an area, potential of which remains largely unexplored. It needs to studied, analysed with policy options evolved to make it a distict reality in the buildings
Presentation looks at the role, relevance and importance of the cities in polluting environment, generating waste, consuming energy, creating large footprints of buildings and making cities unsustainable. Presentation looks at the issues, genesis of problems of sustainability and suggest options to make them environment friendly, energy/resource efficient, making value addition to environment and ecology and to become a serious partner in making planet earth more liveable and sustainable.
Cities of the future will have to be viewed, considered, planned, designed, constructed and managed based on consideration of sustainability, inclusiveness, safety and security. Cities will have to be role model of conserving land, minimizing the the consumption of energy; making cities water neutral , zero waste, material efficient. Promoting, preserving and making value addition to Climate, environment , ecology and bio-diversity shall be the underlying philosophy of urban planning. Cities will be planned to meet the basic needs of all inhabitants and not their greed. Cities will be held in the co-operative ownership eliminating individual ownership. Cities will be mandated to meet all the basic needs of human living including shelter, food, employment , clothing, education and healthcare. Poorest of the poor will have all the basic amenities. Unplanned, haphazard and sub-standard development will have no place in the city development. Technology will be used for promoting efficiency, economy, productivity and transparency in decision making and working besides connecting communities . Cities will be managed by professionals- architects, planners and engineers and not be bureaucrats, having no knowledge and understanding of the urban development. Cities will create ownership and commitment on the part of all stakeholders. each city will have a well defined vision and mission to achieve. Local governance will have precedent over state's dictates and policies.
Ppt looks at the context if cities, problems faced/created by cities and options to make cities more sustainable- using mechanism of planned development, compact city,Regional Planning, green mobility, greening cities, technologies, leadership and creating accountability with responsibility
Globally cities are on the move. They are always evolving, devolving, never static and never finite. Accordingly, cities are being viewed, reviewed , redefined and renamed periodically, based on the changing needs of communities; objectives defined and pattern of planning; shape and size of the city; preserving, protecting and promoting resources, environment and ecology; making cities people, gender and technology centric etc. Cities in the past have accordingly been named as; planned cities, garden cities, linear cities, industrial cities, regenerative cities , eco-friendly cities, sustainable cities, inclusive cities, child/women/elders friendly cities, resilient cities, smart cities etc. Considering the fact that cities are fast emerging as major consumers of energy and resources; generators of waste and responsible for generating large carbon footprints, future typologies of cities now include; carbon neutral cities; energy efficient cities; zero water ; zero waste cities etc. In addition, majority of cities are also fast becoming hotbeds of disasters, both manmade and natural, accordingly safe cities is emerging another typology for urban settlements to make them disaster free. Looking at the context of cities getting flooded periodically due to heavy rains, breach of water channels, rivers, dams etc., leading to enormous loss to humans, social fabric, resources, environment, ecology, economy etc., Sponge city is the terminology now being deployed for cities, to make them safe against floods.
In the parlance of planning, Sponge city is defined, ‘As an urban area; which has been planned, designed and constructed to effectively and efficiently manage and cope with the challenges posed by excessive water/storm water caused by heavy rainfall, high tides , swollen rivers or other manmade/ natural activities, using a variety of techniques. Sponge city, has also been defined as, ‘the city that is designed to retain, clean, and reuse stormwater. Basically, sponge city in its approach, intent, content, planning, designing , construction and management, has focus on water and its effective and efficient management, without adversely impacting the operation and function of the city, which is subjected to challenge posed by excessive water. Sponge city model promotes, retaining the excess water within the city aquifer by creating options to eliminate concrete pavements that separate water from the natural ecosystem; utilize natural wetlands to absorb water into the soil; make city water-resilient and transform cities/communities/ neighbourhoods by helping in redefining urban landscape by working across different disciplines — hydrology, landscape, architecture, planning and engineering, to save human lives and property from the threat posed and damage caused by excess water.
Sponge city model, as an option and strategy, has been gaining currency and finding favour, both at local and global level with planners,
Buildings as consumers of energy, resources and generators of waste has major implications for humanity, communities, climate and resources. Context of buildings have to be understood and appreciated in terms of resources, climate and sustainability. Buildings have to be planned, designed, constructed, operated and managed in a manner that they make value to environment, ecology and bio-diversity. Buildings are always evolving, devolving, never ever static and finite. Buildings need care and dedication.A Green building makes you Happy, Healthy and More Productive
Provides highest quality of indoor environment Optimizes Resources, , Reduces Waste,
Reduces Carbon Footprints
makes building operations cost effective and energy efficient- create win-win situation for owner; occupant; user; tenant. Buildings need competent and committed professionals for designing and construction. Role of Architects and Engineers will always remain crucial and universal to achieve sustainability and SDG Goals enunciated by UNDP
Cities, globally have been recognised as the major promoters of global warming, climate change and increasing carbon footprints. Within cities, it is the built environment and transportation, which are primarily responsible for making them unsustainable. Majority of problems related to urban sustainability are the outcome of the manner in which buildings are planned , designed , constructed and operated. Buildings, as definers of character and fabric of any city, are known for their positivity, negativities, dualities and contradictions. Consuming nearly half of the global energy, majority of resources and generating large carbon emissions, buildings are largely responsible for making cities unsustainable. This call for making buildings energy efficient and least consumers of resources. Sustainable Development Goals also mandate the critical role of buildings in promoting global sustainability. However, majority of buildings are designed and constructed , without any concern for energy, resources and environment. Making buildings minimum consumers of energy and resources would require changing the traditional approach to designing the buildings; making building green; considering relevance of climate,site and orientation, ; life-cycle assessment ;energy ,water efficiency and; building materials.
Cities and civilizations remain
synonymous. Cities remain unique, different and distinct. Cities existed in the past, they exist now and they shall continue to dominate the future of human journey on this planet earth. No two cities are same. Each city has its paces of strength and weaknesses. Making any city great, ,has genesis in understanding its uniqueness and making optimum use and build on its strength; overcoming the existing weaknesses; creating opportunities for its orderly growth and overcome possible challenges which may emerge in its march to become great. Cities must be owned by people and city must own its people. we need co-operative cities and not smart and sky scrapper cities. People would need cities which provides them safety and basic amenities of life, make them happy and healthy. City must create options for providing best possible living to its people; create options for appropriate working; make people happy and healthy; both physically and mentally and make them travel only when needed and that too on a limited scale. Following this order of planning can surely enhance the credibility and operational efficiency of the cities. Planning cities, using nature and natural elements of Sun, Space and Greenery can help in making cities wonderful and healthy places to live and work. Cities must identify, preserve, manage, protect and manage its Heritage, as integral part of its growth and development to make it connect with past glory. Agra needs to be made, promoted and declared as a heritage city to showcase its past glory and make it integral part of future growth and development. Ignoring and damaging its heritage, which lead to chaos and anarchy. Agra must come out with its own charter of growth and development to retain
not only its past glory but also charter an agenda of its glorious future growth.
Planning for Open Spaces to Make Cities Healthy(Revised)JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation tries to highlight the role and importance of open spaces in the context of human habitats, advantages it offers in making cities sustainable,livable, healthy and social. In addition presentation tries to define the policy framework for planning and designing these spaces..
Redefining Planning Through Planning EducationJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation tries to showcase the relationship between quality of planning Education and quality of education, challenges faced by the profession and option which need to be exercised to make education more qualitative and responsive the challenges faced.
cities remain complex, inhumane, serving rich, ignoring poor, ignoring poor, caring rich, promoting exclusion. depriving majority from basic human essentials, ignoring misery, promoting poverty and leveraging prosperity. Cities remain studded with dualities and contradictions, always evolving, changing and chasing opportunities and making people miserable .
Presentation focuses on various aspects of buildings- how they have to be planned, designed, oriented, constructed using materials and technologies to make them Green in real sense of the term - to make them supportive and promoter of sustainability.
Climate Responsive Design of Buildings-1-9-23.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Built environment is known for its peculiar qualities of being large consumer of energy, water and renewable/non-renewable resources throughout its lifecycle, spanning from planning, designing, construction, occupation and maintenance besides generating large waste. In addition, buildings are also responsible for adversely impacting environment, destroying bio-diversity and causing sick building syndrome. Buildings are also known to be primarily responsible for global warming, rising temperature, climate change and increasing carbon footprints. Accordingly, buildings are known to create conditions of warming planet earth and raising its temperature. In order to make buildings supportive of cooling the cities and moderating its temperature, it will be important that buildings are planned, designed, constructed, maintained and operated with care and caution to minimize its adverse impact on with cities, environment , ecology and bio-diversity. In this regard, using rationally/logically the nature / natural elements including land, sun, space and greenery, as the basic elements of design and operation of the buildings will be most valuable for minimizing the adverse impact of buildings. Passive design of buildings, based on the nature and natural elements, is known for its capacity to minimize the use of non-renewable resources and optimize the natural renewable resources for meeting its day-to-day needs. Based on circular economy such buildings generate minimum waste and accordingly help in making them climate, and resource responsive.
Redefining and Rationalising Development Controls -Issues and OptionsJIT KUMAR GUPTA
ppt defines, details role, relevance, criticality, importance of Development Controls in the parlance of urban planning, development, governance, management. Text defines the typologies of development controls made applicable in urban context, their role and impact on cities and built environment. As definer of the personality of the city and considering their physical, social, economic and environmental implications on urban development and quality of built environment; development controls need to be defined with care and caution. They should be seen and framed as promoters of development rather than controllers of urban development. They should be framed with the goal of ushering an era of sustainability, livability, land conservation, resource conservation and making planet earth more livable and qualitative. development controls should remain resource led; sustainable led and led by optimisation of available resources for achieving the agenda defined in SDGs
Presentation is an attempt to showcase the role and importance of Green Buildings to make this world sustainable and the approach to designing the green buildings
Infrastructures and services are known to be the backbone of any human settlement . They are known to be determinant of the quality of life and operational efficiency of any city. They are also the one regulating the productivity of the city. Infra remain vital for all the urban residents , communities, city and the state. Accordingly, it becomes important that infrastructures on prescribed norms and standards are made available in both quantity and quality in the human habitation. Providing Infra requires lot of resources and technology know how. Accordingly adequate provision in the budget of urban local bodies need to be provided. in addition to providing infra and services, it is critical that they are also maintained properly. Key issues in the infra is the delivery of services. Government must involve private sector in providing services. Services charges also have to be rational to make them affordable. Providing services and infra remains a difficult and innovative option. It offers both a challenge and an opportunity. All ULBs must ensure adequate services of appropriate quality to all its citizens , even poorest of poor, to lead a dignified living.
Architectural Design and structural design remain collaborative and partners in making building sustainable and green. No building can be planned , designed and made green unless structural design and state of art construction supports it. Achieving sustainability in a building will be misnomer, mirage and a fallacy by excluding the input and expertise of the art and science of sustainable structure and construction. Presentation studies, examines, explores and explains that relationship and suggests option and strategies which can be leveraged to make sustainable buildings. Existing rating systems excludes the role and importance of structural design in making buildings green and sustainable, which need review ,revision and redefinition to make sustainable Structure Design integral part of the rating system of buildings in order to make these systems rational , focused and relevant to the objectives, they are supposed to achieve.
Presentatio tries to bring out context of the cities in the overall development of communities and nations, and the manner cities are being subjected to devlopmental and population pressure. As engines of economic growth cities are known to have environmental, ecological and infrastructure implications besides becoming the major propeller of global warming and climate change. Looking at the role and importance of cities in alleviating poverty, pollution and numerous other growing dualitues and contradictions, presentation focusses on how to make growth and development of cities more rational, sustaianble, inclusive, safe abd resilient.
Buildings remain crucial for promoting sustainability because buildings remain largest consumers of energy, resources and generators of waste. This world can never ever be made livable and sustainable unless buildings are planned, designed, constructed and managed in a rational and realistic manner. Accordingly role of architects, engineers, planners, industry, builders, contractors and other stakeholders becomes important for looking critically and objectively, how buildings are planned and designed. It needs to be understood and appreciated that there cannot be any option better than designing buildings with nature , using natural elements. Built environment has to be made supportive to environment and ecology. If buildings donot make value addition to environment and bio-diversity, then no human being using such buildings shall remain happy and healthy. Buildings are meant for people, community and society to be used, and if the buildings cannot keep and fulfill that promise then the entire purpose of creating buildings is defeated. Architects and Engineers must come forward to ensure that the buildings are made supportive of nature and should invariably make value addition to nature in order to usher an era of sustainability, failing which humanity will be heading for disaster and self-destruction.
Built environment created in the past was invariably based on nature and optimally using resources made available by nature to meet the basic requirement of ventilation, heating and cooling of the buildings in order to create ambient environment for quality living. Using local materials and local skills ,built environment created was based on adopting passive approach and passive methods of making buildings sustainable. Cities in the past were made compact to make them human centric, energy efficient, land efficient and promoting safety and security. Mechanism of mixed landuse was used to make cities more humane and social. Cities were treated, planned and designed as integrated entities. Water was valued and innovative mechanisms were used to conserve, preserve and promote availability of water. Streets dominated the planning of human settlements instead of roads. Despite being planned and developed as compact cities, adequate public spaces were made integral part of planning process. Planning focused on creating self-sustaining communities , mutually supporting each other. Fundamental principal was promoting planning and living based on need and not greed. Nature was the governing principle of planning and nature based solutions were evolved, devolved and made applicable in making human settlements sustainable and livable. Back to basic remains a great option and agenda to understand the principles which can be used to charter the future agenda for growth and development.
Russia Ethiopia comparison in Construction and buildings, suggestions to deve...Ahmad Alshaghel
Energy, Environment & Sustainable development, talking about the construction history in both Russia and Ethiopia. About the current problems of the modern construction style, some effective suggestions and proposals to solve the issues regarding many aspects of sustainability (Social, economical and environmental)
Role and Relevance of Architects and architecture in SustainabilityJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This brief text on Role, Relevance and importance of Architects and profession of Architecture in making this world and human settlements more livable, climate responsive and sustainable has been prepared as commitment of the professionals and profession of Architects on this World Environment Day ; June 5th , 2024 , with the hope that profession would be understood, valued ,appreciated and empowered in the right context for enabling it play its designated role in making built environment qualitative, cost-effective, energy-efficient, eco-friendly, safe and sustainable.
Bridging gap between resources and responsibilities at Local level.JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Text refers to need, role, relevance and importance of empowering urban local bodies by bridging gap between resources available and responsibilities bestowed, for enabling ULBs to operate and function as institutions of local governance more effectively and efficiently.
Globally cities are on the move. They are always evolving, devolving, never static and never finite. Accordingly, cities are being viewed, reviewed , redefined and renamed periodically, based on the changing needs of communities; objectives defined and pattern of planning; shape and size of the city; preserving, protecting and promoting resources, environment and ecology; making cities people, gender and technology centric etc. Cities in the past have accordingly been named as; planned cities, garden cities, linear cities, industrial cities, regenerative cities , eco-friendly cities, sustainable cities, inclusive cities, child/women/elders friendly cities, resilient cities, smart cities etc. Considering the fact that cities are fast emerging as major consumers of energy and resources; generators of waste and responsible for generating large carbon footprints, future typologies of cities now include; carbon neutral cities; energy efficient cities; zero water ; zero waste cities etc. In addition, majority of cities are also fast becoming hotbeds of disasters, both manmade and natural, accordingly safe cities is emerging another typology for urban settlements to make them disaster free. Looking at the context of cities getting flooded periodically due to heavy rains, breach of water channels, rivers, dams etc., leading to enormous loss to humans, social fabric, resources, environment, ecology, economy etc., Sponge city is the terminology now being deployed for cities, to make them safe against floods.
In the parlance of planning, Sponge city is defined, ‘As an urban area; which has been planned, designed and constructed to effectively and efficiently manage and cope with the challenges posed by excessive water/storm water caused by heavy rainfall, high tides , swollen rivers or other manmade/ natural activities, using a variety of techniques. Sponge city, has also been defined as, ‘the city that is designed to retain, clean, and reuse stormwater. Basically, sponge city in its approach, intent, content, planning, designing , construction and management, has focus on water and its effective and efficient management, without adversely impacting the operation and function of the city, which is subjected to challenge posed by excessive water. Sponge city model promotes, retaining the excess water within the city aquifer by creating options to eliminate concrete pavements that separate water from the natural ecosystem; utilize natural wetlands to absorb water into the soil; make city water-resilient and transform cities/communities/ neighbourhoods by helping in redefining urban landscape by working across different disciplines — hydrology, landscape, architecture, planning and engineering, to save human lives and property from the threat posed and damage caused by excess water.
Sponge city model, as an option and strategy, has been gaining currency and finding favour, both at local and global level with planners,
Buildings as consumers of energy, resources and generators of waste has major implications for humanity, communities, climate and resources. Context of buildings have to be understood and appreciated in terms of resources, climate and sustainability. Buildings have to be planned, designed, constructed, operated and managed in a manner that they make value to environment, ecology and bio-diversity. Buildings are always evolving, devolving, never ever static and finite. Buildings need care and dedication.A Green building makes you Happy, Healthy and More Productive
Provides highest quality of indoor environment Optimizes Resources, , Reduces Waste,
Reduces Carbon Footprints
makes building operations cost effective and energy efficient- create win-win situation for owner; occupant; user; tenant. Buildings need competent and committed professionals for designing and construction. Role of Architects and Engineers will always remain crucial and universal to achieve sustainability and SDG Goals enunciated by UNDP
Cities, globally have been recognised as the major promoters of global warming, climate change and increasing carbon footprints. Within cities, it is the built environment and transportation, which are primarily responsible for making them unsustainable. Majority of problems related to urban sustainability are the outcome of the manner in which buildings are planned , designed , constructed and operated. Buildings, as definers of character and fabric of any city, are known for their positivity, negativities, dualities and contradictions. Consuming nearly half of the global energy, majority of resources and generating large carbon emissions, buildings are largely responsible for making cities unsustainable. This call for making buildings energy efficient and least consumers of resources. Sustainable Development Goals also mandate the critical role of buildings in promoting global sustainability. However, majority of buildings are designed and constructed , without any concern for energy, resources and environment. Making buildings minimum consumers of energy and resources would require changing the traditional approach to designing the buildings; making building green; considering relevance of climate,site and orientation, ; life-cycle assessment ;energy ,water efficiency and; building materials.
Cities and civilizations remain
synonymous. Cities remain unique, different and distinct. Cities existed in the past, they exist now and they shall continue to dominate the future of human journey on this planet earth. No two cities are same. Each city has its paces of strength and weaknesses. Making any city great, ,has genesis in understanding its uniqueness and making optimum use and build on its strength; overcoming the existing weaknesses; creating opportunities for its orderly growth and overcome possible challenges which may emerge in its march to become great. Cities must be owned by people and city must own its people. we need co-operative cities and not smart and sky scrapper cities. People would need cities which provides them safety and basic amenities of life, make them happy and healthy. City must create options for providing best possible living to its people; create options for appropriate working; make people happy and healthy; both physically and mentally and make them travel only when needed and that too on a limited scale. Following this order of planning can surely enhance the credibility and operational efficiency of the cities. Planning cities, using nature and natural elements of Sun, Space and Greenery can help in making cities wonderful and healthy places to live and work. Cities must identify, preserve, manage, protect and manage its Heritage, as integral part of its growth and development to make it connect with past glory. Agra needs to be made, promoted and declared as a heritage city to showcase its past glory and make it integral part of future growth and development. Ignoring and damaging its heritage, which lead to chaos and anarchy. Agra must come out with its own charter of growth and development to retain
not only its past glory but also charter an agenda of its glorious future growth.
Planning for Open Spaces to Make Cities Healthy(Revised)JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation tries to highlight the role and importance of open spaces in the context of human habitats, advantages it offers in making cities sustainable,livable, healthy and social. In addition presentation tries to define the policy framework for planning and designing these spaces..
Redefining Planning Through Planning EducationJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation tries to showcase the relationship between quality of planning Education and quality of education, challenges faced by the profession and option which need to be exercised to make education more qualitative and responsive the challenges faced.
cities remain complex, inhumane, serving rich, ignoring poor, ignoring poor, caring rich, promoting exclusion. depriving majority from basic human essentials, ignoring misery, promoting poverty and leveraging prosperity. Cities remain studded with dualities and contradictions, always evolving, changing and chasing opportunities and making people miserable .
Presentation focuses on various aspects of buildings- how they have to be planned, designed, oriented, constructed using materials and technologies to make them Green in real sense of the term - to make them supportive and promoter of sustainability.
Climate Responsive Design of Buildings-1-9-23.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Built environment is known for its peculiar qualities of being large consumer of energy, water and renewable/non-renewable resources throughout its lifecycle, spanning from planning, designing, construction, occupation and maintenance besides generating large waste. In addition, buildings are also responsible for adversely impacting environment, destroying bio-diversity and causing sick building syndrome. Buildings are also known to be primarily responsible for global warming, rising temperature, climate change and increasing carbon footprints. Accordingly, buildings are known to create conditions of warming planet earth and raising its temperature. In order to make buildings supportive of cooling the cities and moderating its temperature, it will be important that buildings are planned, designed, constructed, maintained and operated with care and caution to minimize its adverse impact on with cities, environment , ecology and bio-diversity. In this regard, using rationally/logically the nature / natural elements including land, sun, space and greenery, as the basic elements of design and operation of the buildings will be most valuable for minimizing the adverse impact of buildings. Passive design of buildings, based on the nature and natural elements, is known for its capacity to minimize the use of non-renewable resources and optimize the natural renewable resources for meeting its day-to-day needs. Based on circular economy such buildings generate minimum waste and accordingly help in making them climate, and resource responsive.
Redefining and Rationalising Development Controls -Issues and OptionsJIT KUMAR GUPTA
ppt defines, details role, relevance, criticality, importance of Development Controls in the parlance of urban planning, development, governance, management. Text defines the typologies of development controls made applicable in urban context, their role and impact on cities and built environment. As definer of the personality of the city and considering their physical, social, economic and environmental implications on urban development and quality of built environment; development controls need to be defined with care and caution. They should be seen and framed as promoters of development rather than controllers of urban development. They should be framed with the goal of ushering an era of sustainability, livability, land conservation, resource conservation and making planet earth more livable and qualitative. development controls should remain resource led; sustainable led and led by optimisation of available resources for achieving the agenda defined in SDGs
Presentation is an attempt to showcase the role and importance of Green Buildings to make this world sustainable and the approach to designing the green buildings
Infrastructures and services are known to be the backbone of any human settlement . They are known to be determinant of the quality of life and operational efficiency of any city. They are also the one regulating the productivity of the city. Infra remain vital for all the urban residents , communities, city and the state. Accordingly, it becomes important that infrastructures on prescribed norms and standards are made available in both quantity and quality in the human habitation. Providing Infra requires lot of resources and technology know how. Accordingly adequate provision in the budget of urban local bodies need to be provided. in addition to providing infra and services, it is critical that they are also maintained properly. Key issues in the infra is the delivery of services. Government must involve private sector in providing services. Services charges also have to be rational to make them affordable. Providing services and infra remains a difficult and innovative option. It offers both a challenge and an opportunity. All ULBs must ensure adequate services of appropriate quality to all its citizens , even poorest of poor, to lead a dignified living.
Architectural Design and structural design remain collaborative and partners in making building sustainable and green. No building can be planned , designed and made green unless structural design and state of art construction supports it. Achieving sustainability in a building will be misnomer, mirage and a fallacy by excluding the input and expertise of the art and science of sustainable structure and construction. Presentation studies, examines, explores and explains that relationship and suggests option and strategies which can be leveraged to make sustainable buildings. Existing rating systems excludes the role and importance of structural design in making buildings green and sustainable, which need review ,revision and redefinition to make sustainable Structure Design integral part of the rating system of buildings in order to make these systems rational , focused and relevant to the objectives, they are supposed to achieve.
Presentatio tries to bring out context of the cities in the overall development of communities and nations, and the manner cities are being subjected to devlopmental and population pressure. As engines of economic growth cities are known to have environmental, ecological and infrastructure implications besides becoming the major propeller of global warming and climate change. Looking at the role and importance of cities in alleviating poverty, pollution and numerous other growing dualitues and contradictions, presentation focusses on how to make growth and development of cities more rational, sustaianble, inclusive, safe abd resilient.
Buildings remain crucial for promoting sustainability because buildings remain largest consumers of energy, resources and generators of waste. This world can never ever be made livable and sustainable unless buildings are planned, designed, constructed and managed in a rational and realistic manner. Accordingly role of architects, engineers, planners, industry, builders, contractors and other stakeholders becomes important for looking critically and objectively, how buildings are planned and designed. It needs to be understood and appreciated that there cannot be any option better than designing buildings with nature , using natural elements. Built environment has to be made supportive to environment and ecology. If buildings donot make value addition to environment and bio-diversity, then no human being using such buildings shall remain happy and healthy. Buildings are meant for people, community and society to be used, and if the buildings cannot keep and fulfill that promise then the entire purpose of creating buildings is defeated. Architects and Engineers must come forward to ensure that the buildings are made supportive of nature and should invariably make value addition to nature in order to usher an era of sustainability, failing which humanity will be heading for disaster and self-destruction.
Built environment created in the past was invariably based on nature and optimally using resources made available by nature to meet the basic requirement of ventilation, heating and cooling of the buildings in order to create ambient environment for quality living. Using local materials and local skills ,built environment created was based on adopting passive approach and passive methods of making buildings sustainable. Cities in the past were made compact to make them human centric, energy efficient, land efficient and promoting safety and security. Mechanism of mixed landuse was used to make cities more humane and social. Cities were treated, planned and designed as integrated entities. Water was valued and innovative mechanisms were used to conserve, preserve and promote availability of water. Streets dominated the planning of human settlements instead of roads. Despite being planned and developed as compact cities, adequate public spaces were made integral part of planning process. Planning focused on creating self-sustaining communities , mutually supporting each other. Fundamental principal was promoting planning and living based on need and not greed. Nature was the governing principle of planning and nature based solutions were evolved, devolved and made applicable in making human settlements sustainable and livable. Back to basic remains a great option and agenda to understand the principles which can be used to charter the future agenda for growth and development.
Russia Ethiopia comparison in Construction and buildings, suggestions to deve...Ahmad Alshaghel
Energy, Environment & Sustainable development, talking about the construction history in both Russia and Ethiopia. About the current problems of the modern construction style, some effective suggestions and proposals to solve the issues regarding many aspects of sustainability (Social, economical and environmental)
Similar to Metamorphosis For Making Cities Cool (20)
Role and Relevance of Architects and architecture in SustainabilityJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This brief text on Role, Relevance and importance of Architects and profession of Architecture in making this world and human settlements more livable, climate responsive and sustainable has been prepared as commitment of the professionals and profession of Architects on this World Environment Day ; June 5th , 2024 , with the hope that profession would be understood, valued ,appreciated and empowered in the right context for enabling it play its designated role in making built environment qualitative, cost-effective, energy-efficient, eco-friendly, safe and sustainable.
Bridging gap between resources and responsibilities at Local level.JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Text refers to need, role, relevance and importance of empowering urban local bodies by bridging gap between resources available and responsibilities bestowed, for enabling ULBs to operate and function as institutions of local governance more effectively and efficiently.
Construction Industry Through Artificial Intelligence -.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Considering the role, relevance and importance of construction sector in promoting economy, generating employment and creating wealth besides providing infrastructures and amenities, there is need to make the sector more effective, efficient, productive and sustainable. Driven manually, construction sector remains in the slow lane of creating quality built environment which are cost-effective, energy efficient, least consumers of resources and generators of waste. Artificial intelligence can help and empower the construction to make it more valuable, productive and qualitative besides supportive of environment and ecology. However, construction sector must be ready to co-operate and collaborate with IT industry to look for options and opportunities to make construction sector more qualitative and productive. Majority of urban ills and climate related issues can be resolved if Artificial intelligence can be embedded as integral part of the construction industry right prom planning, designing, construction, operation and management of the built environment and infrastructures. Communities and nations will save lot of valuable non-renewable resources if the construction sector is transformed from human led to technology led by the induction of Artificial intelligence. However, Construction industry has to search the areas where Artificial intelligence can be used effectively and intelligently.
Making Urban India a Role Model of Planned Urban Growth a.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Known for productivity, promoting economy, employment and innovations cities, when properly planned, rationally developed and professionally managed, have been labelled and recognized as engines of economic growth. Prosperity and urbanisation are known to have positive co-relation with rational urbanisation, leveraging growth and development of any community, city, state and region. In majority of developing countries, where urbanisation remains unregulated, forced largely by rural push and less by urban pull, cities invariably remain in crisis, crisis of population, crisis of poverty, crisis of development and management. Cities need to be cared ,incentivized, empowered and made more productive, effective, efficient and humane.
Redefining Globalization, urbanisation and LocalisationJIT KUMAR GUPTA
If cities are to made more livable, humane and productive, it is time that intent, contents and scope of globalization must be revisited and reviewed, both critically and objectively. Globalisation would need redefinition for promoting universality and inclusiveness among people and nations to have basic amenities and quality of life for all its residents , including poorest of the poor to lead a dignified life. Failure to redefine globalization, rationalise urbanisation, restore localization empowering poor and promoting universalisation and inclusivity; will invariably lead to making SDGs merely a paper exercise. In addition, making the world, cities and communities sustainable, livable, safe and inclusive, would remain merely a dream and a mirage, for future generations and communities, making planet earth as their preferred place of residence.
Knowing, Understanding and Planning Cities- Role and Relevance Physical Plan...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities are known for its complexities and operational inefficiencies. cities remain dynamic ,ever evolving, ever devolving, never static and never finite.
All cities remain different, distinct, unique and universal. No two cities are similar. Each city has its own strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Accordingly, problem faced by any city cannot be viewed, dissected, analyzed and enumerated, while sitting within the four walls of the air-conditioned rooms and by the so called intellectual sitting in the so called offices determining the future of cities and towns. Neither the cities can be made more rational by limited knowledge agencies providing consultancy to cities , states and nations.
For realistically and rationally understanding, analyzing the cities and having simple, cost-effective and quality solutions to the problems and challenges faced , Cities have to be walked through and concerns of the various communities have to be properly understood and appreciated.
Prime reason for inability and lack of capacity on the part of majority of physical planners, engaged in the art and science of planning, designing and developing the cities, to address the issues and challenges faced by cities , realistically and rationally, has genesis in the lack of understanding of the origin, growth and development of cities.
Lack of capacity in majority of town planners, has roots in the quality of education imparted and seriousness and commitment on the part of both teachers and taught involved. As it stands today, majority of institutions involved in imparting education in planning are being run on an ad-hoc manner and by proxy. Only few institutions have regular teachers and regular students. Majority of planning institutions are being run on proxy with proxy students and proxy teachers. Education system including curricula used for teaching, needs, review, revision and redefinition to make it more relevant to rational for addressing the issues and challenges faced by the cities and towns.
Land as a Resource for urban finanace- 24-1-23.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
PPt tries to brief Land, as a gift of nature, is being grossly misused, abused , manipulated Land is globally used for providing platform for all human driven activities, based on living, working, culture of body/ mind and travel.
Limited availability, coupled with large number of human beings trying to source land, has invariably created large demand for land resource for human consumption. Land, in urban context, is required for meeting the specific needs of urban dwellers for residential, commercial, institutional, recreational, travel& traffic purposes besides providing space for infrastructures , amenities, services, trade and commerce etc. Land in urban context remains under large demand and command high price due to concentration of large population in small physical area, with stakeholders making competing claims.Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused. In order to make optimum use of land resource on 24x7x365; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all ULBs are made to focus on eliminating culture and practices promoting un-authorized/ illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the cities. Land needs to be effectively leveraged to generate resources for ULBs to make cities vibrant.
COST-EFFETIVE and Energy Efficient BUILDINGS ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Built environment is known for its capacity, capability, role, relevance and importance to change the quality of life of the occupants and communities. Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle through designing, construction, operation. It calls for making buildings green and sustainable.
Making Buildings cost-effective , Energy Efficient ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle
Ppt briefs about role, relevance, importance of the rating systems applicable in India, criteria used in assessing
greeness, weightage allocated, , brief of how these rating systems are applied, parameters involved; weightage granted, levels of rating granted , incentives given by states for green rated buildings and brief of suggestions, how to make rating system more effective, efficient, objective and transparent.
The phenomenon of global warming remains more pronounced in the urban areas, for the reason cities house large concentration of people and activities in a small/compact urban space.Densely-built downtown areas tend to be warmer than suburban residential areas or rural areas.. UHI not only raises urban temperatures but also increases ozone concentrations because ozone is a greenhouse gas whose formation will accelerate with the temperature. Tokyo, an example of an urban heat island. Normal temperatures of Tokyo go up higher than those of the surrounding area. However, it needs to be understood and appreciated that climate change is not the cause of urban heat islands but it is causing more frequent and more intense heat waves which in turn amplify the urban heat island effect in cities. Major reasons for ever growing global warming and climate change can be attributed to the; Nature and natural; Human-Driven; population; Rapid Urbanisation; Irrational Urban planning; High Density; Inefficient Transportation ;Large generation/consumption of fossil fuel based Energy; Unsustainable Buildings; Polluting Industry & Manufacturing; Unsustainable Agriculture; Irrational Development; Large scale Deforestation; Lack of open spaces and individual life-choices;
Making and Unmaking of Chandigarh - A City of Two Plans2-4-24.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is a narrative of a
capital city- known for its innovative planning, designing, construction and management of a new capital . It briefs about the principles used in the planning and designing of city -by the first team of planners led by Albert Mayer and Mathew Nowicki-- followed by the second team led by Le- Corbusier, P Jenerette, Jane B Drew , Maxwell Fry. It also details about the various aspects of the city planning, planning of the sector as a neighbourhood, typologies of
various developmental controls used for regulating the construction of buildings. Innovations used for regulating the growth and development of periphery; redensification of city in case city exceeds its planned population of half a million, creating a narrative of city and periphery, innovative landscaping, defining an edict for the city to educate the future citizens of the capital city to safeguard the future growth and development besides lessons learnt from planning and designing the new cities.
Planning and Designing Green buildings-.issues, options and strategiesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Affordability and sustainable development are considered anti-thesis across the world. Generally there exists conflict between the approach to sustainable built environment and affordable buildings. Sustainable development is considered more expensive. According to Middleton, ‘Sustainability and affordability aren’t mutually exclusive goals. It’s not about adding extra, but thinking more carefully about the design of buildings and incorporating technologies that can offset the rising costs of energy, water and other services. Affordability and sustainability are known to fit together perfectly’.
Through excellent design, buildings can be made more sustainable and affordable. Smaller the footprint of buildings, lower will be the upfront costs and embodied energy and lower shall be the running costs of buildings. Looking at the entire context of health, rising cost of amenities/services; Sustainable/Green designs are now being increasingly adopted, to make built environment more cost-effective and affordable. Considering the enormous amount of built environment to be created, India will have no option but to tread the path of sustainability and sustainable development in the built environment. Sustainable built environment would also help in and go a long way in achieving the majority of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals for the reason, built environment is known to be the largest consumer of energy, avoid wasteful use of resources and minimise generation of waste. Global sustainability will be largely contingent upon how effectively and efficiently we can make our buildings sustainable and qualitative through innovative/green design solutions based on local climate and culture, valuing site planning, embedding orientation, cross ventilation, using renewable/waste materials and involving state of the art building technologies.
_Neighborhood Planning in Capital City of Chandigarh- An Appraisal (2) - Copy...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Neighborhood as an idea, concept, option and strategy has been extensively used locally and globally by the Urban Planners to plan and decentralize cities, create cities within cities, promote self-contained communities and to make cities more humane, safe and socially vibrant. Neighborhood has also been used recently to define the city in terms of travel time - making 10/15 minutes city
Accordingly, large typologies of NH ,in terms of planning and designing , with varying shapes, sizes and contents have emerged in the urban context. Americans have used superblock and French using Sector for defining the neighborhood. Despite distinct advantages, holding high degree of relevance in urban and local area planning , NH planning has not been able to deliver the envisioned objectives of safety and social vibrancy. Cities in the process have been socially, economically and physically fragmented, leading to clear division of cities into different communities with little economical and social connectivity. Variance of planning and designing norms followed at NH and sub-neighborhood levels have promoted more dichotomy and contradictions with varying quality of life inducted at local level. Differential population and infrastructures have divided the city into the categories of high/low end NH units. Fabric and morphology of cities, in large cases, has been distorted with urban settlement emerging as a distinct social map of communities graded economically and socially,on the basis of area/location . In the process, the way NH planning concept has been used, neighborhood planning has emerged as an instrument of social and economic segregation/division. In fact in number of cases, concept has been used, misused, abused in intent and content to divide the cities into distinct social and economic layers. Instead of unifying , concept has led to division of cities.
Genesis of modern application of NH can be found in the planning and designing of Chandigarh where entire city fabric of capital city was woven around Sector as the basic unit of planning, concptulasied as self-contained and self-sustaining unit at the local level. However, the way sectors have been planned, it has led to dividing the cities into different and distinct communities. Individual status in Chandigarh can be judged from his/her residence. Concept of Sector has done more damage than good to the fabric of the city. Chandigarh is likely to face considerable problem in making city socially and economically cohesive/vibrant,. Sectors in Chandigarh remain anti-thesis to the basic concept of NH planning of safety, involving walkability, vehicular movement, putting commercial space in the centre. Considering role, relevance, importance and usability , NH needs to be planned, designed with care and caution, in order to make cities socially and economically vibrant, inclusive. NH planning deserves a new definition and approach to make it relevant and rational.
Reviewing, Revising and Redefining Master Plans and Development Plans to Ma...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Looking at its efficacy and efficiency, it can be seen and observed that Master Plans/ Development Plans have done more damage than good for the planned growth and development of the cities to which they have been made applicable. These plans have been violated with impunity both by the people, communities, cities and parastatal agencies; for the betterment/welfare of which these plans were prepared. These plans have been visualized as controller of development rather than promoters of development. Instead of planned development , these plans have been usherers of the unplanned development. These plans are known to be responsible for promoting large number of slums besides making quality of life poor for majority of the urban inhabitants. Cities under Master Plans are also known to promote exclusion rather than inclusion. Master Plans/Development Plans are known to promote prosperity for few and marginalize the large proportions of the local community by making them poor. Instead of catering to urban dynamism, Master Plans/Development Plans try to freeze the city, for next two decades, to which it is made to serve. Accordingly, these plans need to be reviewed , rationalised, revised and redefined to make them better Master Plans/Development Plans
Rationalizing the Planned Growth of Urban India- paper.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused, based on a strategy of sub-division of the land, dictated by the economic forces prevailing in the market. Irrational and ineffective public policies of urban planning and land sub-division, devoid of prevailing ground realities, have turned out to be incompatible with the demands of urban expansion, leading to large scale un-authorized and illegal sub-division of land. In the process, valuable land resources, gift of nature, has been misused, abused and mutilated in this race of uncontrolled and irrational urbanisation. In order to make optimum use of land resource; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all urban centres are made to focus on eliminating the culture and practices promoting un-authorized/illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the country.
Suggestion and Options for integrating villages. within the framework of the...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Preparing Master Plans/Development Plans for any urban settlements, basically and essentially, involves declaring a planning area for which the said long term plans are prepared. Planning area invariably includes and involves, number of rural settlements, which comprise of the planning area besides the urban settlement. It has been observed that in majority of cases, while detailed studies and analysis are carried out of the urban settlements but villages in the study and analysis remain marginalized, diluted and muted. Despite the fact, villages have critical role in the rational development of the urban settlement, but in preparing Master Plans their role and relevance is not made part of the said plan. Accordingly, this text tries to bring out the typologies of villages falling in the planning area and the suggested framework to develop these villages in making Master Plans, better Master Plan. In order to improve Master Plan qualitatively, quantitively, both in intent, contents and scope, It will be appropriate that all the villages falling in the planning area must be studied , analyzed and made integral part of the final outcome of the proposals of Master Plan. In-fact one Chapter must be exclusively dedicated to detail out the issues faced by the Villages and options which can be leveraged to promote the rational growth of villages ,as an integral part of the long term development of the urban settlement , for which the Master Plan is being prepared. This will help not only in integrating the urban- rural settlements falling in the planning area, but would also go a long way in promoting and ensuring rational growth and development of the urban settlement, for which the Master Plan is being prepared.
Managing Planning and Development of Citie- 26-2-24.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities in India are known to be in perpetual crisis; facing numerous crises in terms of; crisis of rational growth, crisis of orderly and planned development; crisis of effective and efficient urban management; crisis of making provision of basic infrastructure and services; crisis of climate change; crisis of global warming; crisis of poverty, pollution and population and crisis of making human living and prevailing environment qualitative. These urban crises have genesis in the fact that cities in India, lack ownership, command, authority and lack of willingness to run and manage cities professionally and objectively. In majority of cases, cities in India are run by proxy. In terms of physical growth and development; large cities are marked by multiplicity of agencies claiming right/ownership of development over the urban areas, whereas smaller cities face absence of such ownership and are made to run, operate and function like orphans
Agenda, Approach and Options for Rationalising and Redefining Future Indian ...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Government of India/state policies, programs, mission and agenda must move providing basic essentials to all its citizens through an efficient, objective and transparent system of governance. For making cities livable and empowering people; right to basics/essential of human living including; Right to shelter, food, clothing universal access to healthcare, education, employment , infrastructures, amenities and mobility; should be made integral part of Indian Constitution by embedding it as Fundamental Rights/Directive Principles of state policy besides making them integral part of planning, development and management/governance process of all human settlements.
-Redefining and Rationalising Development Controls - Copy.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Globally recognised as engines of physical, social , economic growth and development, cities have been valued to be the future of humanity and communities. Housing major proportion of population, generating large employment; making major contribution to the economy; and providing quality infrastructure besides supporting and innovating state of art technologies, cities remain relevant and important for defining the agenda for growth and development of any state and communities. However, despite having large number of positivities; cities are also known for its dualities, contradictions, positivities and negativities. If cities have been promoting prosperity, they have also been at the forefront of promoting poverty, pollution, unplanned, haphazard, sub-standard development, climate change and global warming. Looking holistically, problems related to climate change , global warming and rising carbon footprints, environment and bio-diversity, can be largely attributed to the manner in which cities are being planned , manage and governed and buildings are being designed, constructed and operated. In the process, cities, as manmade entities, are fast emerging as embodiment of unplanned , haphazard and sub-standard development.
Globally ,it has been recognised that majority of urban ills have genesis in the typologies of Development Controls , made applicable at the local level for regulating the sub-division of land, determining land uses ; planning of the cities and designing, construction and operation of the built environment. In order to promote planned development, cities have been trying to experiment, invent, revise, review and rationalise the Development Controls periodically.
Capital cities like Chandigarh have clearly demonstrated the role and relevance of Development Controls in ushering an era of state of art urban development and creating quality-built environment. Chandigarh has also showcased that if Development Controls are not reviewed and revised periodically, they can prove to counter- productive and become a perpetual liability for the city and its development.
Considering the role , relevance and importance of Development Controls in making urban development rational and sustainable, there is an urgent tp look critically, objectively and holistically, at the context, genesis, intent and contents of different Development Controls made applicable in the urban settings in general and Capital city of Chandigarh in particular.
Providing a rational, realistic, effective and efficient framework for making Development Controls, more transparent, objective, community focussed, effective , efficient, rational and productive will remain critical to promote planned development and make cities more sustainable and better place to live and work.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
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Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic animals in District Ban...Open Access Research Paper
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular zoonotic protozoan parasite, infect both humans and animals population worldwide. It can also cause abortion and inborn disease in humans and livestock population. In the present study total of 313 domestic animals were screened for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Of which 45 cows, 55 buffalos, 68 goats, 60 sheep and 85 shaver chicken were tested. Among these 40 (88.88%) cows were negative and 05 (11.12%) were positive. Similarly 55 (92.72%) buffalos were negative and 04 (07.28%) were positive. In goats 68 (98.52%) were negative and 01 (01.48%) was recorded positive. In sheep and shaver chicken the infection were not recorded.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Alert-driven Community-based Forest monitoring: A case of the Peruvian Amazon
Metamorphosis For Making Cities Cool
1. Metamorphises for
Making Cities Cool
Ar. J.K.GUPTA,
Email---- jit.kumar1944@gmail.com, Mob- 90410-26414
Options for Making Cities Cool
Options for Making Cities Cool
2. Cities and their Context
• Cities have been part of human history.
• - Cities- known to command power and authority
• Cities -- known for their dualities and contradictions.
• Cities- known for both -- positivities and negativities
• Cities -- known to be areas of concentration of population/ activities,
infrastructures, services, healthcare, education
• Cities -- known to be Engines of economic growth-70%
• Cities - generators of employment , wealth and prosperity,
• Cities – also known for their negativities,
• Cities – large consumers of resources/energy/ land
• Cities- generators of - 70% waste;-- consume 60% global energy -
generating 70% of carbon footprints- large amount of heat-
• --98% /56% cities in low& middle/high income economies - do not meet
air quality WHO norms Cities- remain a manmade , mechanical habitat
• Cities- destroy natural habitat-anti-thesis to bio-diversity
• Cities- known to be creator of best/ worst living conditions
• cities – house both rich and poor
3. Cities and their Context
• Cities- home to large migrants
• Cities- home to slums
• Cities- remain in crisis- both -natural and manmade
• Crisis-- of population, poverty, pollution
• Cities – ever evolving and devolving, never static
• Cities – will dominate in future also
• Cities- drivers/definers of nation’s future
• Cities largely responsible for climate change ,global
warming, manmade disasters etc-
• However Cities - needs rationalization
• Cities --need to be made Cool– by making them more
bio-diverse; productive, effective, efficient, humane,
• - livable, inclusive, safe, Resilient ,sustainable, Healthy
place to live /work
12. Urban Crisis
• Urban crisis/ problems has genesis in--
• – uncontrolled/ unplanned rapid growth /development
• - Irrational way in which built environment is created
• -Way people are made to travel large distances
• --Urbanization & global warming remain positively related,
• Cities getting warmer with rising temperature
• Research shows - urban areas can be 20 F hotter- surrounding/Rural areas
• - even within cities-- one neighborhood 15 degrees hotter than another.
• poor neighborhoods-- hotter than rich neighborhood.
• Intensity/duration of heat waves increasing
• Majority of cities on boil
• - Large causalities happening due to excessive heat
• Globally cities getting into crisis.
• --Jakarta -- sinking;
• --New Delhi-- shutting down due to air pollution;
• - Marseille, France- residential buildings collapsing - lack of
maintenance
13. Impact of Urban Crisis
• By 250; seven in 10 people will live in cities
• Rising urban temperature impact -humanity/communities /cities--
• - Making human beings most vulnerable
• --Rising Mortality- due to- strokes - when temperatures head above 25C.
• - Cities exposed to extreme temperatures-- Triple over next decades.
• -970 cities-- experiencing average summer temperature of 35˚C (95°F).
• • People exposed to heat waves jumped by --125 mil- between 2000 -2016
(WHO)
• America- Extreme heat --killing more Americans than any other natural
disaster.
• Extreme heatwave in summer 2018, --declared natural disaster with--
thousands hospitalized in Tokyo city,
• UK-heat-related deaths - to increase 257% by 2050 and 535% by 2080.
• • Moscow- recorded about 11,000 people due to heatwave in 2010.
• • India- lost 4.3% working hours -1995; & 5.8% in 2030- due to stress
caused by excess heat(IMD).
14. Impact of Urban Crisis
• Studies say-- average summer temperatures -to rise rapidly in both
hemispheres in next 40 years
• - In Northern hemisphere- high temp- above 35C (95F) between June -August
• - In Southern hemisphere- average summer temperatures above 35 C-- first
time since records began
• . India -- also getting hotter
• -Rajasthan/ Madhya Pradesh/ Gujrat and Haryana- 54% of total heat waves.
• April, 2022 --recorded hottest month in north-west/central India - third hottest
since past 122 years.
• 15% population-- living in 13% of districts -- vulnerable to heat waves.
• Rising temperatures – threat to- existence / survival of- humanity , flora &
fauna and planet earth.
• Despite Adverse results-- rising urban temperature - received less attention
• -- by professionals / stakeholders,- to Control heat/ flooding, storms,
drought.
• professionals/ communities need attention- threat/risk posed by heat
seriously.
•
15. Urban Heat- Genesis
• -- Deadly heat baking cities because ;;
• -Rapid population growth/massive migration in hotter regions of world.
• -High population density-- buildings concentrated in limited area.
• --- Urban canyons formed -between buildings, trapping heat - making
urban streets warm
• - Cities being metalled / made impervious,- with concrete /asphalt
roads/pavements
• -- urban surface, absorbing/radiating sun’s rays.
• • Less open spaces/ less green covers
• -- Reduced number of trees /flora & fauna.
• --Heat emitted by vehicles -moving/stuck in traffic on urban roads
• • Extensive use of air-conditioning in buildings for cooling
• waste heat generated by air conditioners- pumped into air;
• -- heating outdoors -- to cool indoors,
• -- making external spaces hot /more uncomfortable.
• • Large consumption of energy to make buildings cool,
• with estimated energy needed for cooling buildings to triple by 2050.
19. URBAN INDIA- 2030- Mckinsey Global Inst-
• India Urban Awakening :Building Inclusive Cities-
Report- April, 2010 -- by 2030:
• 590 m to live in Urban India- twice the US population
• 70% GDP generated by cities
• 80% Revenue generated by cities
• 4 fold increase in per capita income
• 5 times the number by which GDP would multiply
• 270 million net increase in working age group
• 70% of new jobs(170 mil) generated in cities
• 91 M urban households will be middle class-- up from 22 M
• 68 Cities will be Metropolises-Europe has 35 only
• $ 1.2T capital needed to meet projected infrastructure demand
• 700-900 million Sqmts of residential/ commercial area needed
annually- a new Chicago to be created
• 2.5 b Sqmts roads paved-20times created in last decade
• 7400km (350-400 km/year) of metro needed -20times created in last
decade
• 200 million Rural Indians to benefit-living close to top 70 cities
• 75%urban India to live in bottom segment -earning Rs 80 per day
26. Re-defining Planning/Development Agenda
- --Reviewing planning tool
- New order of planning -to focus
on Regional Planning:
- -for Synergizing urban and rural
areas
--Making cities compact
-- Making cities energy efficient
--Planning cities for bio-diversity
– -- Avoiding Urban Sprawl
-- Stopping melting of cities
– - Empowering/capacity building of
villages – making them productive
and self-sufficient in daily needs..
-- reducing carbon footprints
– - Reducing global warming
29. CO
BS
WO
RKING
LIVING
CIRCULATIO
N
• The Radiant City
•An organism capable of housing the
works of man of machine-age society.
• placed under the masterful
government of natural conditions:
•Sun
•Space
•Greenery
•And its mission is the service of
mankind:
•To live
•To work
•To cultivate body and spirit
•To travel about
(in this order and obeying this
hierarchy)
32. Compact City- Heat Reduction
• Heat reduction ignored in urban planning/architecture- temperatures rising
• All citizens entitled to- thermally safe indoor/ outdoor environment
• Making Cities Cool-Changing City planning /Building design options - from
expanding / sprawling
• Compact Cities -offer distinct advantages-
• Minimize expositing earth surface to solar radiation.
• Promoting walkability- Minimising area under road – replacing roads by
streets, easily shaded by adjoining buildings
• - Changing materials/ built form- responsible for heating cities.
• Cities dominated by dark/hard materials – concrete, asphalt, paving – absorb
solar radiation- conventional paving heated up to 67 C & roofs up to 50–90 C,
on hot day.
• Phasing out -- use of black or dark roofs, in warm climates,
• Applying white- coloured coatings to roads, roofs / facades,
• - Reflect more solar energy/ save city from prevailing high temperature.
• For promoting Cool cities ;- Making buildings Green
• -Paris, rationalized mobility by- creating new bike lanes / limiting speed limit to
30 km/h for motorized traffic.
• - Havana, Cuba-- promoted urban agriculture on large scale
• --Curitiba, Brazil, -- pioneered art of bus based mass transportation,
33. PLANNING COMPACT CITIES
Make cities compact by;
– promoting High-density development
-- adopting Transit oriented development
-- Raising Height and
-Rationalizing land uses / Building bye-laws
-Building inside not outside
--- Building vertical not horizontal
--- Building High not low
--- Building mix not pure
---Building dense not shallow
----- optimizing current infrastructure.
.
39. Valuing Orientation
• Role/importance of orientation - not fully understood / appreciated in
Planning/making cities
• Orientation - positioning plots/buildings -considering four cardinal
directions; NSEW - four other subsidiaries directions;
• Each direction unique/distinct- strength and weaknesses, - in terms of solar
radiation /heating/cooling of cities/buildings
• If North has no Sun; -- South has highest Solar Intensity - Sun low/horizontal
- – West side hottest-- Avoid West direction for minimizing heat gain.
• Making cities cool -- essentially require that while planning
• -- maximum plots/lots carved
• - have best advantage of orientation. SE /NW could be best option
• - Once plots have best orientation,
• - much easier for architects to plan climate responsive buildings
• Place Longer axis of building facing north-south direction,
• -- with shorter sides facing East-West remains best option for minimizing
adverse impact of buildings in heating the cities.
45. Leveraging Wind For Cooling Cities
- Leveraging Potential of wind -in cooling cities / reducing temperature by;
• - mapping prevailing direction of wind-flow
• - integrating wind flow in planning process of city/NHs.
• - Orienting urban roads /streets/houses to face wind direction.
- for washing away/ siphoning off excessive heat trapped in
streets/buildings
--making cities cool- specially in coastal areas
-settlements located close to water bodies; - remain warm/ high degree
of humidity, throughout year.
- Staggering positioning of buildings - for reducing urban heat island
effect
-- by taking away heat trapped within high rise buildings.
--Accordingly, existing air flow pattern – essential/ integral component
--- while planning of cities;
-- undertaking sub-division of land and
-- positioning of buildings.
-- designing of Buildings
46. TIANJIN- Master Plan
..
1. Land-use Planning –Making city compact—providing mix land
uses – promting Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)
2.
2. Transport Planning -Green transport .—Large trips via public transport ;
bicycles and walking
3. Green and Blue Network Planning---extensive green (vegetation)
and blue (water) networks – for quality living /working environment.
4. Water bodies --linked for circulation – enhancing ecology , environment ,
recreational activities.
5. A wastewater pond -rehabilitated /transformed into a clean/beautiful lake.
47. Green City of World –Musdar –
Abu Dhabi-UAE
A city of 50,000population
City of no cars , no waste
Planned to make use of cool sea winds
Using solar energy on rooftop
Narrow streets shading houses
Total recycling of waste/water
working/ living area-- not farther
than200 mts from transportation nodes.
Electric powered light rail on elevated
track to permit easy transport between
Musdar and Abu Dhabi.
•for Intra-city travel people use
personal rapid transit pods (PRT) run on
magnetic tracks using electric power.
•Aim is to create:
Zero Carbon
Zero Waste
Zero Car city
54. ISSUES:--Heterogeneous Traffic
•increasing individual vehicle ownership;
•low road capacity; poor road geometry;
•large obsolete vehicular population;
• inefficient/ inadequate public
transportation;
• high degree of environmental pollution;
• low priority for traffic planning; ;
•Low priority to bicycles/pedestrians
• poor traffic management;
• mismatch between vehicle density/
road capacity;
•multiplicity of agencies involved
• absence of unified traffic regulatory
authority;
• acute problems of parking;
•high rates of accidents etc.
TRANSPORTATION SCENARIO IN INDIA
55. Transportation- Options
• Minimize travel- Making cities compact-
• Planning for mixed land-use/ TOD
• Changing priority for travel-
• Planning for People-- not for vehicles
• Promoting Accessibility-- Not Mobility
• Promoting Cycling- not Cars
• Promoting Mass Transportation
• Pricing Roads
• Making Equitable allocation of road space
58. Defining Sustainable Transport
• Sustainable Transport --
• -- sometimes known as Green Transport
• -- form of transport that does not use / rely
on dwindling natural resources.
• -- relies on renewable /regenerated energy
• -- rather than fossil fuels that have a finite life
expectancy
59. •Promoting use of Bicycle as
preferred mode of travel for majority
of intra- city travel being :
Most inexpensive
Most flexible
Environmental friendly
Zero pollution
Zero Energy Vehicle
Occupying minimum road space
Requiring minimum Parking
Space
Promoting National Economy
Promoting Human Health
Reducing depletion of Non-
renewable resources
Best option for travelling over
short distance.
SMART TRANSPORTATION- CYCLING
69. Cool Roads
• If white roofs in New York- In Los Angeles- it is
roads, as major cause of heating cities.
• Occupying > 10 % city area with black asphalt-
absorbing up to 95% of sun’s energy – creating
heat island
• Painting roads -- with white-coloured sealant
with high reflectivity --reduction of 10- 23F
cooler after painting.
• Opt for lighter clay tiles—reflect sunlight quite
well.
• .
72. Green Spaces- Cooling Cities
• Green spaces - known for distinct advantage in urban setting;;
lowering urban temperature
Making Cities Cool
reducing demand for air- conditioning
- reducing & absorbing - heat
Acting as sponge- for absorbing floodwaters/minimize flooding
making neighborhood qualitative / beautiful,
providing shade -during a heat wave,
promoting good mental health.
Creating jobs - planning, developing/ maintaining green
spaces.
,
73. Green Spaces- Cooling Cities
, Trees, vegetation – best, efficient/cost-effective option to cool cities,
- not by reflecting but by absorbing heat which falls on them.
on a hot day, vegetation- powerful tool to fight against excessive city heat ,
greenery - provides & stimulates evapotranspiration
- absorbing pollutants from air /producing oxygen,
- developing parks / growing trees- creating calm spaces
- deploying “cool” roofs- making walls green - shading pavements – create
light colour -known for absorbing/reflecting sunlight
• -Prioritising trees in EWS/LIG communities –saving from ill effects of heat.
--Creating city forest- regenerative nature of forests, attract birds / lower urban
temperature
• involve local residents/communities for greening
• - Making Greening integral part of city planning.
• Each mature tree generates seven cylinders of oxygen besides
creating cooling equivalent to 5 tonnes of air conditioning on daily basis
75. Trees- Man Ratio
A human breathes about 9.5 tonnes of air /year
-- oxygen only makes up about 23 % of air by mass
-- One third of oxygen from each breath-- 740kg of oxygen / year.-
- -- roughly, seven / eight trees’ worth.
85. BUILDINGS AS CONSUMERS OF
RESOURCES
•Built environment impact environment / consumption of
resources:
16% of world’s fresh water withdrawal.
25% of wood harvested.
30% of consumption of raw material.
50% of global energy consumption.
35% of world’s
CO2 emission
40% of Municipal solid waste.
50% of Ozone depleting CFC’s still in use.
30% of the residents having sick building syndrome
( Roodman and Lenssen, 1995)
•70% global warming--outcome of buildings / transportation
•Buildings planned, designed and operated with utmost care
for considerations--- energy/ sustainability/resources
86.
87. Buildings and Climate
• Buildings responsible for-- global warming, climate change/ increasing
carbon footprints. buildings - warming planet earth/ raising
• Need to make buildings supportive of cooling cities /moderating
temperature
• buildings designed/operated with nature-- sun, space and greenery, --
Evolving Passive design of buildings,
• minimizing building-led heating- critical role of building envelop.
• -- Major heat gain/ loss through building envelop.
• Within buildings envelop- building façade/ roof gain/lose heat
• - greatest challenges posed by-fully-glazed facades.
• - building trap lot of unwanted heat in summer.
• - Facades need shading to minimize solar radiation.
• -- Need shielding glass from adverse impact of direct/reflected solar
radiation.
• -Mechanical systems used to move with local weather/ of the sun,
for allowing filtered light / views =while protecting inhabitants from sun
• buildings made of wood /natural resources -- reduces heat absorption
When compared to buildings- using steel conc/rete
88. Defining- Green Buildings
•Buildings can achieve zero carbon by; Adopting Integrated
approach to design-Planning with nature, natural elements,
Climate, Evolving passive building design,- eliminating using
fossil fuel --for heating, cooling /air conditioning
• using on-site/off-site renewable energy,Retrofitting Buildings
•reducing use of high global warming potential refrigerants
89. Daylighting
Local materials
Indian Way of approaching design
• Rediscovery of the Indian ethos
– We worship 5 elements of Nature (Panchabhutas)
Prithvi (Earth) Sustainable Sites
Jal (Water) Water Efficiency
Agni (Energy) Energy Efficiency
Vayu (Air) Indoor Environmental Quality
Akash (Sky) Daylight
Views
Water body
91. Designing Green Buildings
• Green building design involves :
• i. Designing building in harmony with nature– using natural resources
ii. Optimizing use of site potential
• iii Specify 'green' building materials sourced locally
• Iv Reducing structural loads---
• V Optimize systems---
• Vi Generating on-site renewable energy.
vii Finding balance between building and environment
viii Promoting energy reduction
• ix Preparing plans with energy as focus,
• x Making best use of sun and wind energy
xi Involving cooperation of design team at all stages– Architects,
Engineers, Promoters
• xii Minimizing water consumption
• xiii Using non-toxic, sustainable materials
• xiv Preserving/promoting environment in design, construction and operation
• xv Promoting quality of life-- of occupants in design, construction and operation
xvi Promoting re-use and recycling
xvii Ensuring Good indoor environmental air quality
Green Building practice expands/ complements
- economy,
-utility,
-durability,
-comfort.
101. Cool Roof- Advantages
Reducing temperature within/outside buildings by minimizing heat
island effect,
Decreasing energy use /energy costs within buildings
Improving air & water quality within/outside neighborhood
Sequestering carbon,
Providing habitat for wildlife -- in urban areas
Meeting deficiency of green spaces in walled cities/congested areas
Avoiding flooding cities- Reducing amount/ intensity/
duration of storm water release
Creating space for socialization - for families and communities
Increasing life of roof-- by protecting them from adverse impact of
climate
New York Cool Roofs initiative - more than 500,000m² of roof space
covered in white reflective coating,- saving an estimated 2,282 tonnes
of CO2 per year
NASA concluded - white roof could be-- 23C (42F) cooler than a typical
black roof --on hottest day of New York summer
105. Public housing --Singapore, seven 50-story towers
connected by 1,600-foot-recreational “sky garden.”
-- high-density development
accommodating growth in compact city-state.
106. Singapore-- Super trees in 250-acre Gardens by Bay.
-- High-tech structures range from 80 to 160 feet
-- collect solar energy to power a nightly light show.
-- trunks are vertical gardens, laced with more than 150,000 living plants.
110. Window-wall ratio
(WWR)
Window-wall ratio;-- ratio of window area to exterior
wall -- important for determining energy performance
of building.-- Windows -cause energy loss/gain- twice
more than wall-impacts heating, cooling, lighting,
ventilation.-Size/number of windows - designed
according to climatic conditions. -- high-performance
glazing - reduces solar heat gains through windows
111. Solar Shading
• Solar control / shading --directly impact -- energy efficiency
• --cooling load minimized to one-fourth of building’s load.
• -Shading devices – fins/ chajjas (overhangs) designed
• --to get a minimum exposure of sun in summer
• -- while allowing winter sun inside the space.
• -- helps in regulating /reducing electrical load on building.
• -- Solar orientation important
• -- while designing an effective shading device.
• -- Some solar shading elements -- trees, hedges, overhangs,
vertical fins, low-shading coefficient glass, blinds, and
louvers
114. Cooling Cities with Water
• Principle- Evaporation causes cooling
• used in old buildings - leveraged strength of water in
promoting cooling /lowering the temperature
• - Making cities spongy -retaining water in soil
• -- lowers temperature by releasing moistures
• - help in making trees/vegetation grow
• - Temperatures taken adjacent to water features - up to 10
C lower
• - Leveraging existing water bodies, pools, fountains,
sprinklers and misting system
• -Creating new water bodies
• - Chandigarh modulate city temperature by creating
inartificial Sukhna lake
• - Chongqing /China , known for heat provided cooling
by using water misters – created cooling by 5-7 C,
118. Future Cities-Conceptual
Ultima Tower- 2Mile High Sky City
•Location: Any densely populated urban
environment
•Date: 1991
•Cost: $150,000,000,000
•Population: 1,000,000 people
•Exterior surface area of building: 150,000,000 sft.
•Enclosed volume: 53,000,000,000 cubic feet
•Total enclosed acreage: 39,000 acres-156 sectors
•Elevator speed: 20 feet per second (13 miles per
hour) 9 minutes and 40 seconds to reach top floor
from ground floor.
•Dimensions: Height--10,560 feet;
•Diameter at the base--6000 feet;
•Number of stories--500;
•Total Square Feet: Approximately 5,000,000 sft
119. Earth Scraper – Mexico City
• Location- Mexico City
• Depth 300 m below ground
• Designed as Inverted Pyramid
• Glass floor to cover 240 mtrs X
240 mtrs. hole in cities main
square to filter natural light
• Preserve the cities historic
centre and heritage buildings
surrounding square.
• Interior of building to look
natural.
• Building to be city”s top retail
destination.
120. Mile-High Tower-
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
• Location Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
• Cost US$28.5 billion
• Height 1 mile (1,600 m; 5,280 ft)
• Floor area 3,530,000 m2 (38,000,000 sft)
• Capacity 80,000 people
• The tower will have -275 floors
• Lobby upto 5 th floor
• Offices 6- 50 floors
• Five-star hotel &Conference halls 51-75 floors
• Deluxe residential units 76-195 floors and
• Retail facilities 196-275 floors
• Alternate Energy Generation 196-275 floors
• Status of project
-- Already under construction since 2008
125. •
• Three Mantra for Sustainable/
Inclusive/ Resilient cities
1. Achieve smart growth
• -- finding best options to do things sustainably
• -- promote economic growth for people –
• -- making them earn good livelihood
• -- make them enjoy a good quality of life.
• 2. Do more with less–
• -- cities need money-- to accomplish all wants .
• Cities to collect, manage/spend resources effectively/ efficiently
• 3. Win support for change-
• - City leaders need to;-- deliver fast, positive & visible results,
• - build support for changes.
• -- Based on high-performing civil servants-- made accountable
for their work—Singapore model
127. TOWN PLANNING- CONTEXT
• Regional Planning / Urban Planning / Rural Planning revolves around;
• Land , land use, land development;
infrastructure transportation, accessibility.
• Promoting Planned development- Regions/ urban, / rural areas
• Making cities/towns/human settlements better places to live /work
• Focus on -People, communities, Society& State
• Promote Social, physical, economical sustainability
• Preserving environment; culture , art & Architecture,
• Town Planning remains an- Interdisciplinary field
• involving- Architecture; Civil Engineering ;
• Transportation, Infrastructures; Heritage ; Geography, History, Culture
Land Scaping, Technology; Sociology, Urban Design Environment
• Involves detailed studies/research / analysis; Strategic Thinking, Public
consultation
• Focus of Government- Promoting Planned/orderly Urban/Rural
Development
• Enormous potential in Indie with- 7933 cities;-- 6.41 lakh villages;
• 766 districts;-- 53 / 100 Metro cities
• --- 1.6 billion people in 2050;
• 9-Ten million plus population cities by 2050
• – Cities generating 75% GDP
128. What Planners do
• Planners Engage in -- Promoting Planned development @ State, Regions, Districts
City, Township , Neighborhood
• Preparing-- Regional Plans, Master Plans, Metropolitan Plans, District Plans,
New City Plans, Neighbourhood Plans; Aero-City Plans
• Layout Plans /Zoning Plans-Commercial , Residential, Industrial Institutional area
Plans
• Approval of all Building Plans; Selection/evaluation of sites for any land based real-
Estate project
• Planning – require/hold extensive knowledge/ insight /understanding of human
settlements-- defining future of city or town.
• Planning– Provide space for private /public sectors – to work /get employment in
variety of institutions- including:
• Town Planning Departments; Urban Development Authorities, ULBs, Housing
Boards, Improvement Trusts, Marketing Boards; Metropolitan Authorities, Industries
Department,
• Provide option for working in
• Transport Planning
• ;Urban planning
• Environmental Planning;
• Conservation
• Rural planning
• Planning law
129. TOWN PLANNING- Planning of human settlements
• ;Town planning involves/includes- Planning of Human Settlements based on;
• Carrying out detailed study of settlement- physical/ social
• Mapping historical perspective, growth/ development.
• Understanding basic fabric of the human settlements
• Identifying physical, demography; socio-economic features
• Mapping Specialized characteristics &past growth trends,
• Carrying out physical, social, economic, environmental study of settlements
• Preparing land use mapping-planning areas, administrative boundaries,
physical features,
• Mapping Morphology/topography, of built up area, vacant areas, different land
uses, slums,
• Identifying Industries, commercial nodes, institutions/institutional areas,
parks/open spaces,
• Locating Amenities/facilities, protected/forest areas, road network, service
network, transportation nodes etc.
• Conducting Detailed Surveys/studies/analysis for-- ascertaining facts on
different activities – both in quantity and quality.
• Identifying problems, issues, road-blocks in rational growth/development
• Carrying out SWOT analysis of human settlement,
130.
131. Reforms -Urban Planning Capacity-Niti Ayog
1. Programmatic Intervention for Planning of Healthy Cities: --
Besides 100 Smart cities; Every city to become a ‘Healthy
City for All’ by 2030 – Launching Scheme to make ‘500
Healthy Cities Programme’, for a period of 5 years-
Rurban Mission- Master Plans of 65% cities yet to be
prepared
2. Rationalizing Building Bye-laws for Optimum
Utilization of Urban Land: ‘Preparation/Revision of
Development Control Regulations’
3. Sourcing Human Resources in Town Planning
Deptts.: Combating shortage-
a) expedite filling up of vacant positions of town planners-
3945 sanctioned posts b) additionally sanction 8268 town
planners’ posts for a minimum period of 3/ 5 years..
4. Ensuring Qualified Professionals to Undertake Urban
Planning:
5. Revision of Town and Country Planning Acts: .
6. Enhancing Role of Private Sector- Planning ; Urban
Development
132. Town Planning- Making Planet Earth
More Sustainable; Inclusive, Safe , Resilient,
Qualitative ; Livable; Productive;