The rank size rule attempts to establish a numerical relationship between population sizes of settlements within a country or region. It ranks settlements by population size, with the largest first. It assumes the second largest settlement will be half the population of the largest, the third largest a third, and so on. While variations often occur, it provides a model for comparing city population distributions. Exceptions include primate cities, where one city dominates population size, and binary distributions, where two cities are of almost equal size.
The document discusses the Rank-Size Rule, which describes the relationship between the size and rank of cities. It was revealed that when cities are ranked by population size, the cumulative frequency of larger cities (over 20,000 people) follows a log-normal distribution when plotted against city size. General systems theory and concepts like stochastic growth and entropy have helped explain observed patterns in city size distributions, particularly the rank-size distribution. The document also examines factors that can affect a region's adherence to the Rank-Size Rule, such as transportation infrastructure and economic development. Criteria for optimal city size are discussed, including issues related to planning, health, safety, efficiency and more.
A city region is a metropolitan area and surrounding areas that function together economically. It typically includes multiple administrative districts but shares resources like a central business district, labor market, and transportation network. City regions are defined by dominant commuting patterns rather than arbitrary boundaries. Over time, city regions change shape as populations and economic activity shift. A city's influence decreases with distance from its center, but it exerts dominance over surrounding towns and cities through provision of specialized services. In India, city regions have formed around major cities through clusters of urban settlements in their areas of influence.
In context of India n comparing it with the world. The presentation defines these concepts with apt case studies from various countries and India as well..
Central place theory attempts to explain the spatial distribution and hierarchy of settlements. It was first presented by German geographer Walter Christaller in 1933 based on a study in southern Germany. The theory proposes that settlements form a hierarchy based on the goods and services provided, with higher order settlements further apart and providing more specialized functions. Central place theory is based on the concepts of threshold, the minimum population needed to support a service, and range, the maximum distance people will travel to access a service. Christaller suggested settlements would form hexagonal market areas in an ideal scenario. However, the theory makes simplifying assumptions and the perfect patterns are not seen in reality.
Definition,meaning, scope,approach, and aim of urban-geographyKamrul Islam Karim
Urban geography is the study of urban areas and cities, their development, spatial patterns, and interactions within the surrounding environment. It examines the site and evolution of cities and towns, as well as their morphology, classification, and the economic and social impacts of urbanization. The scope of urban geography has expanded over time to consider cities not just as physical entities but as complex systems influenced by cultural, political, and historical factors.
This document discusses various theories and models of urban morphology and land use, including Burgess's concentric zone model, Hoyt's sector model, and the multiple nuclei model. It also examines factors that influence urban form such as transportation, land value, and population density. Criticisms of the different models are provided. The document provides an overview of concepts and patterns in urban spatial structure.
This document discusses different types of regions and methods for delineating regions. There are three main types of regions: formal, functional, and perceptual/vernacular. Formal regions have officially defined boundaries, functional regions are defined by economic or other processes within them, and perceptual regions reflect cultural attitudes. Methods for delineating regions include weighted index numbers, factor analysis, flow analysis and gravitational analysis. These methods group areas based on shared characteristics like socioeconomic factors or the intensity of interactions between locations.
The rank size rule attempts to establish a numerical relationship between population sizes of settlements within a country or region. It ranks settlements by population size, with the largest first. It assumes the second largest settlement will be half the population of the largest, the third largest a third, and so on. While variations often occur, it provides a model for comparing city population distributions. Exceptions include primate cities, where one city dominates population size, and binary distributions, where two cities are of almost equal size.
The document discusses the Rank-Size Rule, which describes the relationship between the size and rank of cities. It was revealed that when cities are ranked by population size, the cumulative frequency of larger cities (over 20,000 people) follows a log-normal distribution when plotted against city size. General systems theory and concepts like stochastic growth and entropy have helped explain observed patterns in city size distributions, particularly the rank-size distribution. The document also examines factors that can affect a region's adherence to the Rank-Size Rule, such as transportation infrastructure and economic development. Criteria for optimal city size are discussed, including issues related to planning, health, safety, efficiency and more.
A city region is a metropolitan area and surrounding areas that function together economically. It typically includes multiple administrative districts but shares resources like a central business district, labor market, and transportation network. City regions are defined by dominant commuting patterns rather than arbitrary boundaries. Over time, city regions change shape as populations and economic activity shift. A city's influence decreases with distance from its center, but it exerts dominance over surrounding towns and cities through provision of specialized services. In India, city regions have formed around major cities through clusters of urban settlements in their areas of influence.
In context of India n comparing it with the world. The presentation defines these concepts with apt case studies from various countries and India as well..
Central place theory attempts to explain the spatial distribution and hierarchy of settlements. It was first presented by German geographer Walter Christaller in 1933 based on a study in southern Germany. The theory proposes that settlements form a hierarchy based on the goods and services provided, with higher order settlements further apart and providing more specialized functions. Central place theory is based on the concepts of threshold, the minimum population needed to support a service, and range, the maximum distance people will travel to access a service. Christaller suggested settlements would form hexagonal market areas in an ideal scenario. However, the theory makes simplifying assumptions and the perfect patterns are not seen in reality.
Definition,meaning, scope,approach, and aim of urban-geographyKamrul Islam Karim
Urban geography is the study of urban areas and cities, their development, spatial patterns, and interactions within the surrounding environment. It examines the site and evolution of cities and towns, as well as their morphology, classification, and the economic and social impacts of urbanization. The scope of urban geography has expanded over time to consider cities not just as physical entities but as complex systems influenced by cultural, political, and historical factors.
This document discusses various theories and models of urban morphology and land use, including Burgess's concentric zone model, Hoyt's sector model, and the multiple nuclei model. It also examines factors that influence urban form such as transportation, land value, and population density. Criticisms of the different models are provided. The document provides an overview of concepts and patterns in urban spatial structure.
This document discusses different types of regions and methods for delineating regions. There are three main types of regions: formal, functional, and perceptual/vernacular. Formal regions have officially defined boundaries, functional regions are defined by economic or other processes within them, and perceptual regions reflect cultural attitudes. Methods for delineating regions include weighted index numbers, factor analysis, flow analysis and gravitational analysis. These methods group areas based on shared characteristics like socioeconomic factors or the intensity of interactions between locations.
The Multiple Nuclei Model describes a city that grows from several independent centers rather than one central business district. These nuclei act as focal points around which different land uses like industry, retail, housing, and universities develop. As the nuclei expand, they merge to form a single urban area without a single dominant core. The model argues that modern cities do not grow from a single center due to increased mobility from cars, which allows specialization of different regional centers.
Levels, Patterns and Trends of Urbanization (World)ShreemoyeeSaha1
1. What is Urbanization?
2. Levels of Urbanization in the World
3. Patterns of Urbanization in the World : Demographic Changes, Economic Development, Consumption Pattern, Urban Footprint.
4. Patterns of Urbanization in Asia.
5. Trends of Urbanization in the World : Past, Recent and Future Trends.
6. Timeline of Urbanization in the World (1950- 2050)
7. Projected Urban and Rural Population.
8. Urbanization and Sustainability.
Social geography examines how social relationships, identities, and inequalities form and are influenced by space. Social interaction is the foundation of society, taking various forms from individual to individual or group interactions. Social groups are characterized by regular interaction between members who develop roles and agreed upon procedures. There are various types of social groups including primary groups based on family and friends and secondary groups based on shared occupations or locations. A community is defined by geographic location while a society includes people in different places connected through direct and indirect social ties.
Homer Hoyt proposed the sector model as an update to the concentric zone model. The sector model accounts for major transportation routes radiating out from the central business district. Land uses, such as industrial, commercial, and residential zones, develop along these transportation corridors in wedge-shaped sectors. The model places low-income housing and industry closest to the central business district, with wealthier residential neighborhoods farther out. Examples of cities that generally follow the sector model include Chicago and Calgary.
Regional planning is needed to promote balanced development across urban and rural areas in a region. A region typically includes cities, towns and surrounding rural countryside that are connected through population growth and expansion. Regional plans aim to decentralize development, conserve resources, rectify disparities, and ensure equity through balanced development of industry and agriculture. Regional planning is necessary to efficiently allocate land use and infrastructure, allow growth across a larger area, protect resources like forests and wildlife, and address issues like pollution, migration and lack of opportunities in a harmonious manner.
Regional planning is important for several reasons including addressing cultural differences, urbanization challenges, and economic issues between regions. There are two main approaches to regional planning: intra-regional which focuses on land use and meeting needs within a region, and inter-regional which aims to balance economic growth, employment, and development between regions. Examples of regional planning in Kenya include the 1978 Human Settlement Strategy and the Kenya Vision 2030 development framework. In summary, regional planning plays a significant role in country development by taking approaches between and within regions at an intermediate level between national and local plans.
Regional planning deals with efficient placement of land uses like farmland, cities, infrastructure, and wilderness across a larger area than individual towns. A region requires various land uses to support protection of farmland, cities, industry, transportation, and other needs. Regional development addresses region-wide environmental, social and economic issues through efficient infrastructure placement and zoning to sustainably grow a region.
This document discusses the concepts of urbanism and urbanization. Urbanism is defined as the sociological study of life and human interaction in metropolitan areas, as well as the role of cities in societal development. It originated from the work of sociologists like Marx, Tonnies, Durkheim, Weber and Simmel. The Chicago School further developed sociological theories of urbanism. Urbanization refers to the phenomenon of rural to urban migration and the factors driving this migration. The document examines elements that define an area as "urban" and discusses early urban sociologists' framing of symbolic interaction in urban settings. It provides an overview of sociologist George Simmel's work on the impacts of city life on mental life and
This document discusses central place theory, which aims to understand the dynamics shaping the urban hierarchy. Central place theory proposes that settlements emerge in an ordered pattern of different sizes to minimize costs for people accessing goods and services. It was developed by C.J. Galpin and Walter Christaller, who theorized that under ideal conditions settlements would be arranged in a hexagonal pattern with larger urban centers providing higher-order goods and services over a wider range. While central place theory provides insights into urban hierarchies, it has also received criticisms for being too static and not accounting for real-world complexities like transportation networks, geography, and randomness.
The primary aim of studying settlement geography is to acquaint with the spatial and structural characteristics of human settlements under varied environmental conditions.
Von thunen’s model of agricultural land useThe Urban Unit
This presentation is based on a agricultural land use model around the city. This is the theory of urban Geography it describe the agricultural pattern and how should the agricultural activities perform around the city. basically this Model was put forwarded before industrialization and when there was no roads networks and this Model is not applicable in real word but is gives great ideas for developing new towns and cities.
I’m professional presentation maker . These presentations are for sale for 20$ each, if required you can contact me on my gmail id bestpptmaker@gmail.com and you can also suggest me topics for your required presentations
This document discusses different patterns of rural settlements. It begins by defining patterns of settlement and noting that topography and culture influence settlement patterns. It then describes common rural settlement patterns including rectangular, linear, circular, star-shaped, triangular, and nebular. Specific examples of each pattern are provided. The document also discusses common patterns of rural settlements in Bangladesh, including nucleated, linear, disperse, compact, and scattered settlements. Examples of each type in different Bangladeshi regions are provided.
The concentric zone theory, developed in the 1920s by Ernest Burgess and Robert Park, proposed that social areas extend outward from the central business district in concentric zones. Population density decreases as one moves to outer zones. Zone 1 is the central business district. Zone 2 is a zone of transition with dilapidated housing and high crime. Zone 3 is a working class area. Zone 4 is middle class. Zone 5 is an upper class commuter zone. Later critics argued it does not apply to modern decentralized cities and assumes flat, unchanging landscapes.
The urban fringe is the transitional zone between urban and rural areas. It is becoming increasingly important as cities expand outwards. The urban fringe goes through several stages of transformation, starting as purely rural land and eventually becoming urbanized as the city grows. This process impacts land use, occupations, and development patterns in the fringe. Effective planning and management are needed to balance development with preservation of natural and cultural assets in the sensitive urban fringe environment.
The document discusses the functional classification of Indian cities as proposed by Asok Mitra. He grouped cities into seven categories - manufacturing, artisan, mining, plantation, trading, transport and services - based on the percentage of workers engaged in different economic sectors. Mitra further classified the cities based on their degree of specialization using a triangular method to plot each city on a graph. While the classification identified specialized city types, most Indian cities were found to have a diversified economic base with no clear single function.
Hammad Hayat Khan has a BS in Geography from the University of Karachi and an MS in Urban and Regional Planning from NED University of Engineering and Technology. He is currently a PhD scholar at NED University. The document discusses definitions of key terms related to urban planning such as urban, planning, and urban planning. It describes the roles and importance of urban planners in creating sustainable and equitable communities through comprehensive planning. Specific challenges facing urban planning in Pakistan are highlighted, including accommodating rapid population growth and the lack of coordination between planning agencies.
The Growth Pole Theory proposes that economic development does not occur uniformly across a region, but rather concentrates around specific industrial "poles" or clusters. As key industries in these poles expand, they stimulate linked industries and drive regional growth outward from the pole through inter-industry linkages and multiplier effects. Three factors that contribute to growth pole development are external economies of scale, industrial agglomeration, and forward and backward production linkages between industries. While influential, the Growth Pole Theory has been criticized for not addressing problems like urban poverty and income inequality within regions.
This document discusses the origins and growth of cities from ancient times to the present. It outlines three major transformations: the development of agriculture around 7000 BC, the pre-industrial revolution which brought about the first cities, and the industrial revolution in the 18th-19th centuries. Various theories on the origins of urbanization are presented, including the importance of irrigation systems, trade networks, military defenses, and religious centers in early city formation. The document also covers definitions of urban areas and the concept of town planning, highlighting goals of health, convenience, and beauty. Principles of zoning and its necessity are explained.
This document discusses several theories related to the location and classification of urban settlements:
1. It describes Christaller's central place theory which proposes that settlements are organized in a hierarchical pattern based on their functions and market areas.
2. It also explains Zipf's rank-size rule which observes that the population of a settlement can be predicted based on its rank compared to other settlements.
3. Jefferson's law of the primate city holds that in many countries, the largest city is more than twice as large as the second largest city due to factors like colonialism, centralized government, and rural-urban migration.
The Multiple Nuclei Model describes a city that grows from several independent centers rather than one central business district. These nuclei act as focal points around which different land uses like industry, retail, housing, and universities develop. As the nuclei expand, they merge to form a single urban area without a single dominant core. The model argues that modern cities do not grow from a single center due to increased mobility from cars, which allows specialization of different regional centers.
Levels, Patterns and Trends of Urbanization (World)ShreemoyeeSaha1
1. What is Urbanization?
2. Levels of Urbanization in the World
3. Patterns of Urbanization in the World : Demographic Changes, Economic Development, Consumption Pattern, Urban Footprint.
4. Patterns of Urbanization in Asia.
5. Trends of Urbanization in the World : Past, Recent and Future Trends.
6. Timeline of Urbanization in the World (1950- 2050)
7. Projected Urban and Rural Population.
8. Urbanization and Sustainability.
Social geography examines how social relationships, identities, and inequalities form and are influenced by space. Social interaction is the foundation of society, taking various forms from individual to individual or group interactions. Social groups are characterized by regular interaction between members who develop roles and agreed upon procedures. There are various types of social groups including primary groups based on family and friends and secondary groups based on shared occupations or locations. A community is defined by geographic location while a society includes people in different places connected through direct and indirect social ties.
Homer Hoyt proposed the sector model as an update to the concentric zone model. The sector model accounts for major transportation routes radiating out from the central business district. Land uses, such as industrial, commercial, and residential zones, develop along these transportation corridors in wedge-shaped sectors. The model places low-income housing and industry closest to the central business district, with wealthier residential neighborhoods farther out. Examples of cities that generally follow the sector model include Chicago and Calgary.
Regional planning is needed to promote balanced development across urban and rural areas in a region. A region typically includes cities, towns and surrounding rural countryside that are connected through population growth and expansion. Regional plans aim to decentralize development, conserve resources, rectify disparities, and ensure equity through balanced development of industry and agriculture. Regional planning is necessary to efficiently allocate land use and infrastructure, allow growth across a larger area, protect resources like forests and wildlife, and address issues like pollution, migration and lack of opportunities in a harmonious manner.
Regional planning is important for several reasons including addressing cultural differences, urbanization challenges, and economic issues between regions. There are two main approaches to regional planning: intra-regional which focuses on land use and meeting needs within a region, and inter-regional which aims to balance economic growth, employment, and development between regions. Examples of regional planning in Kenya include the 1978 Human Settlement Strategy and the Kenya Vision 2030 development framework. In summary, regional planning plays a significant role in country development by taking approaches between and within regions at an intermediate level between national and local plans.
Regional planning deals with efficient placement of land uses like farmland, cities, infrastructure, and wilderness across a larger area than individual towns. A region requires various land uses to support protection of farmland, cities, industry, transportation, and other needs. Regional development addresses region-wide environmental, social and economic issues through efficient infrastructure placement and zoning to sustainably grow a region.
This document discusses the concepts of urbanism and urbanization. Urbanism is defined as the sociological study of life and human interaction in metropolitan areas, as well as the role of cities in societal development. It originated from the work of sociologists like Marx, Tonnies, Durkheim, Weber and Simmel. The Chicago School further developed sociological theories of urbanism. Urbanization refers to the phenomenon of rural to urban migration and the factors driving this migration. The document examines elements that define an area as "urban" and discusses early urban sociologists' framing of symbolic interaction in urban settings. It provides an overview of sociologist George Simmel's work on the impacts of city life on mental life and
This document discusses central place theory, which aims to understand the dynamics shaping the urban hierarchy. Central place theory proposes that settlements emerge in an ordered pattern of different sizes to minimize costs for people accessing goods and services. It was developed by C.J. Galpin and Walter Christaller, who theorized that under ideal conditions settlements would be arranged in a hexagonal pattern with larger urban centers providing higher-order goods and services over a wider range. While central place theory provides insights into urban hierarchies, it has also received criticisms for being too static and not accounting for real-world complexities like transportation networks, geography, and randomness.
The primary aim of studying settlement geography is to acquaint with the spatial and structural characteristics of human settlements under varied environmental conditions.
Von thunen’s model of agricultural land useThe Urban Unit
This presentation is based on a agricultural land use model around the city. This is the theory of urban Geography it describe the agricultural pattern and how should the agricultural activities perform around the city. basically this Model was put forwarded before industrialization and when there was no roads networks and this Model is not applicable in real word but is gives great ideas for developing new towns and cities.
I’m professional presentation maker . These presentations are for sale for 20$ each, if required you can contact me on my gmail id bestpptmaker@gmail.com and you can also suggest me topics for your required presentations
This document discusses different patterns of rural settlements. It begins by defining patterns of settlement and noting that topography and culture influence settlement patterns. It then describes common rural settlement patterns including rectangular, linear, circular, star-shaped, triangular, and nebular. Specific examples of each pattern are provided. The document also discusses common patterns of rural settlements in Bangladesh, including nucleated, linear, disperse, compact, and scattered settlements. Examples of each type in different Bangladeshi regions are provided.
The concentric zone theory, developed in the 1920s by Ernest Burgess and Robert Park, proposed that social areas extend outward from the central business district in concentric zones. Population density decreases as one moves to outer zones. Zone 1 is the central business district. Zone 2 is a zone of transition with dilapidated housing and high crime. Zone 3 is a working class area. Zone 4 is middle class. Zone 5 is an upper class commuter zone. Later critics argued it does not apply to modern decentralized cities and assumes flat, unchanging landscapes.
The urban fringe is the transitional zone between urban and rural areas. It is becoming increasingly important as cities expand outwards. The urban fringe goes through several stages of transformation, starting as purely rural land and eventually becoming urbanized as the city grows. This process impacts land use, occupations, and development patterns in the fringe. Effective planning and management are needed to balance development with preservation of natural and cultural assets in the sensitive urban fringe environment.
The document discusses the functional classification of Indian cities as proposed by Asok Mitra. He grouped cities into seven categories - manufacturing, artisan, mining, plantation, trading, transport and services - based on the percentage of workers engaged in different economic sectors. Mitra further classified the cities based on their degree of specialization using a triangular method to plot each city on a graph. While the classification identified specialized city types, most Indian cities were found to have a diversified economic base with no clear single function.
Hammad Hayat Khan has a BS in Geography from the University of Karachi and an MS in Urban and Regional Planning from NED University of Engineering and Technology. He is currently a PhD scholar at NED University. The document discusses definitions of key terms related to urban planning such as urban, planning, and urban planning. It describes the roles and importance of urban planners in creating sustainable and equitable communities through comprehensive planning. Specific challenges facing urban planning in Pakistan are highlighted, including accommodating rapid population growth and the lack of coordination between planning agencies.
The Growth Pole Theory proposes that economic development does not occur uniformly across a region, but rather concentrates around specific industrial "poles" or clusters. As key industries in these poles expand, they stimulate linked industries and drive regional growth outward from the pole through inter-industry linkages and multiplier effects. Three factors that contribute to growth pole development are external economies of scale, industrial agglomeration, and forward and backward production linkages between industries. While influential, the Growth Pole Theory has been criticized for not addressing problems like urban poverty and income inequality within regions.
This document discusses the origins and growth of cities from ancient times to the present. It outlines three major transformations: the development of agriculture around 7000 BC, the pre-industrial revolution which brought about the first cities, and the industrial revolution in the 18th-19th centuries. Various theories on the origins of urbanization are presented, including the importance of irrigation systems, trade networks, military defenses, and religious centers in early city formation. The document also covers definitions of urban areas and the concept of town planning, highlighting goals of health, convenience, and beauty. Principles of zoning and its necessity are explained.
This document discusses several theories related to the location and classification of urban settlements:
1. It describes Christaller's central place theory which proposes that settlements are organized in a hierarchical pattern based on their functions and market areas.
2. It also explains Zipf's rank-size rule which observes that the population of a settlement can be predicted based on its rank compared to other settlements.
3. Jefferson's law of the primate city holds that in many countries, the largest city is more than twice as large as the second largest city due to factors like colonialism, centralized government, and rural-urban migration.
This document provides an overview of various urban and regional planning theories and models throughout history. It begins with a brief history of urban planning from early settlements in 27 BCE to aspirations for future cities. Key sections summarize definitions, urban bases, and several influential theories of town emergence, arrangement, and structure including the works of Patrick Geddes, Walter Christaller, Ernest Burgess, and James Vance Jr. among others. The implications of these theories for architectural practice and urban design are also discussed.
The document summarizes the urban planning history of Lisbon, Portugal. It discusses how Lisbon's landscape and growth were shaped by key infrastructure projects in the 1940s-1960s, driven by a centralized national policy. This included building an international airport, port terminals, and modern utilities for the 1940 World Expo. A 1948 masterplan guided Lisbon's expansion with new zoning and transport networks. However, changing economic priorities in later decades led infrastructure plans to be postponed or built differently than envisioned, contributing to informal urban growth on the periphery.
- Bangkok, Thailand is a prime example of a primate city, with a population of over 5.5 million that is many times larger than Thailand's second largest city of Nakhon Ratchasima, which has a population of only 278,000.
- Primate cities, where the largest city greatly overshadows the second largest in size, are common in some countries like France, Mexico, and Thailand, but are less common in more decentralized countries with multiple large and medium-sized cities like the US, China, Canada, Australia, Brazil, and India.
- George Zipf's rank-size rule from 1949 describes a pattern where the population of each subsequent smaller city in a country is half the
Los angeles vs Mumbai - Comparative AnalysisGeeva Chandana
The document provides a comparative analysis of the master plans and development histories of Los Angeles and Mumbai. It summarizes that both cities' master plans have a vision of sustainable and inclusive development, and address issues like land use, transportation, infrastructure. However, Mumbai's plan has unclear development proposals for slums, while LA's plan focuses on conservation and has more comprehensive zoning and implementation programs. The document also compares the cities' histories of human settlement and drivers of economic growth centered around industries like films.
HLO Guys,
I have made a presentation on the topic "Urbanization and its Impact". So plz use this information if you want. And saying this I am publishing this.
This document provides an overview of China across 4 parts: 1) Geo-politics and location, 2) Social and cultural ramifications, 3) Political structure, and 4) Economic policies and industrial potential. It examines China's large size, diverse topography, border disputes, ethnic divisions, political system dominated by the Communist Party, transition to a market economy, and goals of modernizing agriculture, industry, technology, and military. It also discusses China's growing economic and foreign policy influence by 2020.
This document provides an introduction to town planning concepts and the planning process. It defines town planning as coordinating land use and infrastructure development to promote public welfare. The roles of planners are to consider community needs, guide sustainable growth. Surveys collect data on physical, economic and social factors to inform different types of plans - structure plans focus on key land uses and transport, while comprehensive plans provide longer-term guidance across all aspects.
This document provides an introduction to town planning concepts and the planning process. It defines town planning as coordinating land use and infrastructure development to promote public welfare. The roles of planners are to consider community needs, guide sustainable growth. Surveys collect data on physical, economic and social factors to inform different types of plans - structure plans focus on key land uses and transport, while comprehensive plans provide longer-term guidance across all aspects.
This document discusses the gentrification of West Town in Chicago from the 1950s to present. It describes how urban renewal displaced low-income, mostly minority residents through policies and marketing tactics that excluded these groups. Real estate agents played a key role in acquiring cheap housing and networking affluent buyers to steadily expand gentrification. Government and private organizations supported gentrification over efforts to address the needs of long-term residents through affordable housing or community services. The Puerto Rican community in particular struggled against displacement that threatened their culture, community, and place to live.
Kotla Mubarakpur is an urban village located in South Delhi that has experienced rapid population growth and transformation from a historic 15th century village to a densely populated area today. Some key points:
- The population has grown from 2,100 in 1971 to 27,000 in 2011, transforming the village physically and in its land use patterns.
- Housing typology has evolved from single-story kaccha structures to multi-story RCC buildings up to 4 floors to accommodate the growing population.
- The village has a mixed land use but lacks open spaces. Roads are narrow with no proper infrastructure for traffic or parking.
- Being surrounded by posh localities, the village residents rely
This document discusses the history and development of cities and suburbs. It notes that urban settlements first appeared around 3000 BC and that in 1800 only 3% of the world's population lived in cities, rising to 47% by 2000. It also discusses the post-WWII creation of suburbs like Levittown, which used an assembly-line approach to mass produce homes. Suburbs were highly regulated communities that aimed to give residents a sense of belonging. However, some experts now argue that suburbs have proved financially unsustainable due to their low-density development models.
The document discusses the emergence and development of urban communities and metropolitan areas. It defines key terms like urban area, urbanization, metropolis, exurban, and suburban. It then describes the history of early cities appearing thousands of years ago along fertile river valleys. It also outlines the origin of urbanization in places like Mesopotamia, India, China, and how most rapid urbanization occurred in America, Europe in the 20th century. The document also discusses the classification of cities in the Philippines and identifies 12 metropolitan areas as the country's leading industrial and economic centers.
Urban planning aims to provide an organized spatial structure for activities and land uses. Ebenezer Howard proposed the "Garden City" concept with self-contained towns of 32,000 residents surrounded by greenbelts. Le Corbusier envisioned high-density "Radiant Cities" with segregated zones for housing, work, and recreation connected by transportation infrastructure. Both aimed to address issues of overcrowding and pollution in industrial cities by proposing new models for urban form and design.
The document discusses Geoffrey West's theory of how cities scale based on their population size. It covers how certain infrastructure elements like gas stations scale sublinearly with population, while socioeconomic indicators like wages and GDP scale superlinearly. Cities exhibit properties of both biological and inorganic networks, with infrastructure resembling space-filling networks and social interactions resembling optimized networks. While Central Place Theory models cities as evenly spaced hexagons, real cities are better described as complex adaptive fractal systems, with road networks resembling circulatory systems in their hierarchical branching structure. Data from smart cities is needed to fully analyze urban scaling patterns.
Region: A territorial area of similar characteristics, which is bigger than local area and smaller than the country / nation,
Regions in India, city region & linkages like economic, functional and transportation,
Rural-Urban Linkage,
Rural-Urban Fringe,
Urban periphery settlements: Urban Village and Unauthorised colony/ illegal-land sub-division,
Land Ceiling Repeal Act 1999
The document discusses theories of urbanization and the history of urbanization. It provides the following key points:
1) Cities first emerged around 6,000 years ago in Mesopotamia, with the earliest large cities being in China in the 13th century. Until the 19th century, urban populations remained low globally at less than 3% of the total population.
2) Major urbanization began during the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, driven by industrialization and rural-urban migration for work. By 1950, about 25% of the global population lived in urban areas, concentrated in Europe, North America, and Australia.
3) Since the late 20th century, developing countries have urban
The document provides an overview of communities, urban and rural communities, and the differences between urban and rural sociology. It defines communities as social units with common norms and identities. Urban communities are characterized by large populations and density, heterogeneity, and formal social relations, while rural communities have smaller populations, homogeneity, and informal social relations. The document outlines the social, economic, and spatial characteristics of urban and rural settlements. It also describes urban sociology as the study of life in cities, and rural sociology as the study of social structures in rural areas.
The document discusses different types of urban settlements according to size, shape, function, and location. It describes nucleated, linear, and dispersed settlement shapes. Industrial towns, market towns, ports, and seaside resorts are discussed according to function. Rural settlements are contrasted with urban settlements based on demographics, land usage, population density, transportation, and economic dependencies. Rapid urbanization in developing countries and the growth of megacities are also summarized.
Similar to Rank size rule and primate city concept (20)
Lhasa, Cultural heritage, Urban Transformation and Human RightsTryambakesh Shukla
The document summarizes the history and changes to Lhasa, Tibet since China took control in 1951. It describes how Lhasa was historically the political and religious center of Tibet, home to important sites like the Potala Palace and Jokhang Temple. After 1951, Lhasa experienced rapid population growth and development that demolished many historic buildings. This resulted in the loss of Lhasa's traditional architecture and neighborhoods, threatening its cultural identity. The document discusses the impacts on Tibetan culture and lifestyle and debates how future planning can balance development while preserving Lhasa's cultural heritage and character.
This document summarizes sanitation issues and practices in India. It discusses how sanitation is an important determinant of quality of life and development. It outlines government sanitation programs and policies at rural and urban levels aimed at improving access to toilets and sanitation facilities. Key issues discussed include lack of access for rural and urban poor, as well as best practices in community-led total sanitation programs.
The document provides an overview of Transport Corporation of India Ltd's upcoming real estate development branch called TDL, which plans to develop warehouses in 5 major Indian cities including Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Bangalore and Chennai. It discusses the organizational structure of TCI, the objectives of the warehouse projects, and characteristics of ideal warehouse locations. Key points covered include warehousing zones in Mumbai such as Bhiwandi and Panvel, the land development process, and factors making these locations attractive for warehousing.
The document discusses the Delhi Master Plan 2021 and its focus on making the city more pedestrian friendly. It proposes enhancing pedestrian facilities around major work centers. It also aims to upgrade Delhi's urban transport to international standards by decongesting several areas and increasing access to public transit. Specifically, it proposes pedestrianizing historically important areas like Connaught Place, Chandni Chowk and Karol Bagh. The document also examines the AIIMS flyover junction in Delhi and how it has negatively impacted pedestrian connectivity and increased walking distances for visitors to the hospital.
KATHMANDU IS CAPITAL OF NEPAL AND IT IS THE ONLY METROPOLITAN CITY OF THE COUNTRY. BEING A CAPITAL CITY, IT HAS A HIGH POPULATION AND MIGRATION HAS ADDED TO IT.
THE PRESENTATION SHOWS THE APATIAL GROWTH OF CITY OVER THE YEARS AND WHAT FACTORS HAVE ADDED TO ITS GROWTH.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
1. RANK SIZE RULE AND PRIMATE CITY
DEMOGRAPHY AND URBANISATION
PRESENTED BY
TRYAMBAKESH SHUKLA
BP/463/2008
SCHOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE
NEW DELHI
2. •IN 1950: 29% OF 2.5 BILLION PEOPLE
LIVED IN CITIES AND TOWNS.
•BY 2005: 50% OF 6.5 BILLION PEOPLE
WILL LIVE IN URBAN AREAS.
•BY 2025: 60% OF 8.3 BILLION PEOPLE
WILL LIVE IN URBAN AREAS.
3. • FORM, GROW, CHANGE, AND SOMETIMES
DISAPPEAR
• INCREASINGLY CONCENTRATE PEOPLE,
RESOURCES, AND ENTERPRISES IN SMALL
AREAS THE WORLD OVER
• ARE DYNAMIC, HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE,
INTERACTIVE OPEN ECOSYSTEMS (INVOLVING
GEOGRAPHY, ENERGY, PEOPLE, INFORMATION,
PRODUCTION)
• CREATE COMPLEX HIERARCHAL NETWORKS OF
PROXIMITY, INFRASTRUCTURE, MIGRATION,
COMMUNICATION, AND COMMODITY
EXCHANGE
URBAN AREAS
4. RANK SIZE RULE
ZIPF’S OBSERVED THE SIZE AND
NUMBER OF SETTLEMENTS IN VARIOUS
COUNTRIES. HE NOTICED A COMMON
CHARACTERISTIC WHICH HAS BEEN
CALLED THE RANK-SIZE RULE. HAVING
OBSERVED THIS ORDER IN THE REAL
WORLD, HE THEN SOUGHT TO EXPLAIN
IT. THE RANK-SIZE RULE IS AN EMPIRICAL
REGULARITY.
5. MAIN AIM OF RANK SIZE RULE
THE MAIN AIM OF THE RANK-SIZE RULE IS
TO FIND REGULARITIES CONCERNING THE
CHARACTERISTICS OF SETTLEMENTS IN
VARIOUS COUNTRIES, AND TO FIT A
GRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION TO THE SIZE
DISTRIBUTION OF CITIES .
6. THE RANK SIZE RULE
• THE SETTLEMENTS WITHIN A DEFINED AREA
ARE RANKED IN DESCENDING ORDER
ACCORDING TO THE SIZE OF THEIR
POPULATION
• THE SIZE OF A PARTICULAR TOWN CAN BE
PREDICTED BY OBSERVING ITS RANK AND
THE SIZE OF THE LARGEST CITY IN THE AREA
• THE TOWN’S POPULATION IS DERIVED BY
DIVIDING THE LARGEST CITY’S POPULATION
BY THE TOWN’S RANK
7. THE RANK SIZE RULE
• PR P1/R OR PR=P1(R )-1
WHERE P IS THE POPULATION
R IS THE RANK
P1 IS THE POPULATION OF THE FIRST-
RANKED CITY
PR IS THE POPULATION OF THE RTH
RANKED CITY
8. THE RANK SIZE RULE
• PR P1/R OR PR=P1(R )-1
WHERE P IS THE POPULATION
R IS THE RANK
P1 IS THE POPULATION OF THE FIRST-
RANKED CITY
PR IS THE POPULATION OF THE RTH
RANKED CITY
9. THE RANK SIZE PATTERN
IT IS USUALLY POSSIBLE TO RELATE THE RANKS
AND SIZES OF THE CENTRAL PLACES IN COUNTRY
BY USING A REGRESSION ANALYSIS
LOG PK = LOG P1 - B LOG K
P1 = POPULATION OF LARGEST CITY OR TOWN
PK = POPULATION OF THE Kth TOWN
B = COEFFICIENT WHICH MUST BE ESTABLISHED
EMPIRICALLY FOR EACH INVESTIGATION.
10. THE RANK SIZE PATTERN
• THE THEORETICAL RANK SIZE RULE PATTERN
IS A STRAIGHT LINE.
• IN URBAN PRIMACY, A SINGLE CITY
DOMINATES AND IS MUCH GREATER THAN
THE NEXT LARGE CENTER (PRIMARY
PATTERN).
• IN BINARY PATTERN TWO OR MORE CITIES
ARE LARGER THAN THE PREDICTED SIZE.
• IN STEPPED ORDER PATTERN THERE ARE
SERIES OF LEVELS AND STEPS
(CONURBATIONS, CITIES, TOWNS ETC.).
12. INTERPRETING ZIPF’S GRAPH LINES
• DISTANCE FROM ORIGIN = TOTAL URBAN
POPULATION
• SLOPE: AN INTEGRATED SCALING FACTOR
• CURVES (VIOLATE ZIPF’S LAW)
–CONCAVE
–CONVEX
• TAILS (A PROBLEM FOR POWER LAWS)
–UPPER (A FEW BIG CITIES)
LOWER “FAT” (MANY, MANY SMALL CITIES)
13. INTERPRETING ZIPF’S GRAPH LINES
• SLOPE OF THE LINE (AMT OF
DROP FOR 1 UNIT ON THE
HORIZONTAL AXIS)
• E.G.1.0 =
• E.G. 2.0 =
• HIGH = EVEN DISTRIBUTION OF
URBAN POPULATIONS
AMONG ALL CITIES
• LOW = URBAN POPULATION
CONCENTRATED IN
CERTAIN SIZE CITIES
14. WHAT DOES THE CURVE TELL US?
• CONVEX (SEE RIGHT):
BIG CITIES MAY BE
LIMITED IN SIZE,
POPULATION IN MANY
MEDIUM SIZE CITIES
• CONCAVE: FEW
MEDIUM SIZE CITIES,
BIG CITIES OR SMALL
CITIES MAY ACCOUNT
FOR LARGE SHARE OF
URBAN POPULATION
US CENSUS DATA 2000, n = 448
15. EXAMPLES NOT FITTING THE RULE
• IN AUSTRALIA, THERE IS A LARGE GAP
BETWEEN THE “PRIMATE” OR LARGEST
CITY AND LOWER RANKED CITIES. THERE
IS A DEVIATION FROM THE IDEAL
STRAIGHT RANK-SIZE LINE.THIS IS
BECAUSE IN AUSTRALIA, THE STATE
CAPITALS DOMINATE EACH STATE’S
TERRITORY
16. THE LAW OF A PRIMATE CITY
• A PRIMATE CITY IS ONE WHICH FAR
OUT-RANKS ALL OTHER CITIES OF THE
COUNTRY IN WHICH IT IS LOCATED,IN
TERMS OF POPULATION, COMMERCIAL
ACTIVITIES, INDUSTRIAL OUTPUT AND
POLITICAL INFLUENCES.
17. THE LAW OF A PRIMATE CITY
• THE LAW OF THE PRIMATE CITY IS MAINLY
APPLICABLE TO AGRICULTURAL BASED,
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.IT WILL SHOW
FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS:
- SMALL TERRITORIAL EXTENT
- RELATIVELY HIGH POPULATION DENSITIES
- LOW PER CAPITA INCOME
18. THE LAW OF A PRIMATE CITY
• IDEA OF PRIMACY WAS FIRST INTRODUCED
BY MARK JEFFERSON IN 1939. HE STUDIED 46
COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD AND FOUD THAT
THE LARGEST CITIES WERE TWO OR THREE
TIMES AS LARGE AS NEXT LARGEST CITY.
• FRYER ISOLATED THE MILLION CITIES OF
SOUTHEAST ASIA AND ANASLYSED THEIR SITE,
MORPHOLOGY AND PATEREN OF GROWTH.
• MURPHEY TRACED THE GROWTH OF CAPITAL
CITIES OF ASIA.
19. FACTORS GIVING RISE TO PRIMATE CITY
• SPREAD OF COLONIALISM
• STRONG CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT
• ECONOMIC FACTORS
• INDUSTRIAL AGGLOMERATION
• RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION
• EFFICIENCY OF MODERN TRANSPORT
20. SILIGURI IS THE ONLY PRIMATE CITY IN THE REGION. IT IS 6 TIMES LARGER THAN THE 2ND LARGEST URBAN CENTER (JALPAIGURI).
POPULATION IS CONCENTRATED IN SILIGURI.
PRESENCE OF ONLY 1ST & 4TH ORDER OF URBAN CENTERS. MISSING LINK OF 2ND , 3RD ORDER URBAN CENTERS.
EXAMPLE OF RANK SIZE RULE IN INDIA
Siliguri Jalpaiguri Mal Mainaguri
Uttar
Bagdogra
Bairatal
Actual Population 1258256 213713 45288 44254 38505 8205
rank size rule
expectation(Pn=P1/n)
1250000 625000 416667 312500 250000 208333
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
POpulation
Projected Population 2031
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
Towns
Towns
PRIMACY INDEX = POPULATION OF THE SUBJECT TOWN/
POPULATION OF THE NEXT LARGER TOWN IN THE
REGION