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Unit 3 concept of supervision

This document discusses the key concepts of educational supervision. It begins by defining supervision as overseeing the activities of others to ensure plans are followed. It describes four types of supervision: autocratic, laissez-faire, democratic, and bureaucratic. The nature and characteristics of effective supervision are provided, including that it is adaptive, cooperative, and motivating. The purpose of supervision is outlined as setting goals, evaluating teaching methods, and advising staff. Qualities of effective supervisors include communication skills, creativity, and being results-oriented. The roles of supervisors are divided into administrative roles like staff appointments, and academic roles such as evaluating teaching quality.

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Educational management and supervision 6502 Asima shahzadi asimashahzadi7@gmail.com
After studying this unit students will be able;  To describe the concept of supervision.  To relate kinds of supervision.  To narrate nature and characteristics of supervision.  To differentiate the administration and supervision.  To explain the purpose and need of supervision.  To describe the qualities and goals of supervision.  To describe the roles of supervision Objectives of the Unit
 Meaning of Supervision Supervision is a Latin Word. Super means ‘from the above’ and vision means ‘to see’. In ordinary sense of the term, supervision means overseeing the activities of others. Supervision is direction, guidance and control of working force with a view to see that they are working according to plan and are keeping time schedule. Further, they are getting all possible help in accomplishing their assigned work. Supervision
 Supervision is the task of achieving the desired results by means of intelligent utilization of human talents and utilizing resources in a manner that provides a challenge to human talent. It is concerned with initiating action, putting into effect the plan and decision by stimulation of the human resources of the enterprise.”………………G.R. Terry  “Supervision is the function of assuring that the work is being done in accordance with the plan and instruction.”……………..Davis Definitions of Supervision
 Inspection is an act of assessing, among others, the job, objects, systems, people, and buildings to see if orders, quality standards, regulations, laws and rules are being followed.  Supervision, on other hand, is an act of giving an oversight on a continuous basis while giving orders and ensuring that they are carried out timeously, effectively and carefully. Difference between Inspection and Supervision
Kinds of Supervision 1. Autocratic or Authoritarian supervision: 2. Laissez-faire or free-rein supervision: 3. Democratic supervision: 4. Bureaucratic supervision:
 Under this type, the supervisor wields absolute power and wants complete obedience from his subordinates.  He wants everything to be done strictly according to his instructions and never likes any intervention from his subordinates.  This type of supervision is resorted to tackle indiscipline subordinates. Autocratic or Authoritarian supervision:
 This is also known as independent supervision.  Under this type of supervision, maximum freedom is allowed to the subordinates.  The supervisor never interferes in the work of the subordinates. In other words, full freedom is given to workers to do their jobs.  Subordinates are encouraged to solve their problems themselves. Laissez-faire or free-rein supervision:
 Under this type, supervisor acts according to the mutual consent and discussion or in other words he consults subordinates in the process of decision making.  This is also known as participative or consultative supervision.  Subordinates are encouraged to give suggestions, take initiative and exercise free judgment.  This results in job satisfaction and improved morale of employees. Democratic supervision:
Bureaucratic supervision:  Under this type certain working rules and regulations are laid down by the supervisor and all the subordinates are required to follow these rules and regulations very strictly.  A serious note of the violation of these rules and regulations is taken by the supervisor.
1. A democratic process 2. A continuous process 3. Scientific Process 4. Educational Supervision is Professional in Nature 5. Educational Supervision is creative in nature 6. Result oriented process 7. Process of motivation 8. Coordinated effort: Nature of Supervision
1. Effective supervision is adoptive and flexible 2. Effective supervision is cooperative 3. Effective supervision has a positive motivating effect 4. Effective supervision is both analytical and integrative 5. Effective supervision is intelligently conceived Characteristics of Effective Supervision
 The main differences between educational administration and supervision are related to their scope and goals. Administrators organize and control the resources, represent and guide the instructional communities.  Supervisors visit, diagnose, evaluate and survey instructional methods, teachers and learners, as well as overall climate. Difference between Administration and Supervision
1. To set up suitable goals for the educational intuitions. 2. To help teachers to analyze critically their own activities. 3. Checking on the availability of teaching-learning material. 4. Assessing staff levels. 5. Advising the school climate. Purpose and Need of Supervision 17
7. Promotion curriculum change and innovation. 8. Attending to intuitional problems. 9. Data collection to facilitate planning and decision making. Monitoring policy implementation. Purpose and Need of Supervision (contin….)
 Knows how to communicate  Is very creative  Actively listens and observes  Guides & motivates the team well  Has good teamwork skills  Is result-oriented  Keeps focused on the goals  Is well-organized and versatile  Respects everybody  Is a good mediator Qualities of an Effective Supervision
 Is very honest  Take others’ needs into consideration  Makes decisions well  Is a good negotiator  Knows legal aspects  Resolves conflicts  Controls her/his stress, aggression, and frustration  Is a good coach  Seeks help and support Qualities of an Effective Supervision (Contin…)
 Techniques are based on three stages 1. Stage one Preparation for supervision 2. Stage two Supervision 3. Stage three Follow up of Supervision Different techniques of Supervision
 Study of documents  Identification of priority for supervision  Preparation of supervision schedule Stage one: Preparation for supervision
 Establishing contacts  Review of the objectives, targets and norms  Review the job description  Observe the staff’s motivation  Observe for any actual or potential conflicts Stage two: Supervision
 Reorganization of time-table/ work plan /duty roster  Organizing in-service training programs / continuing education programs for personnel.  Initiating actions for organizing staff welfare activities  Counseling and guidance regarding career development and professional growth Stage three: Follow up of Supervision
 Role of supervisor divided into two categories. 1. Administrative role 2. Academic role Role of Supervisor
1. Selection and appointment of class or supporting staff. 2. Sanction and payment of school grants. 3. Providing facilities to school. 4. Supervising the development tasks of school. 5. Checking the accounts and records of the school. 6. Checking the safety and security of the school plant. 7. Checking proper distribution of work load. 8. Welfare of the teachers. Administrative Roles
1. Supervision of teaching learning activities. 2. Enhancing and maintaining the educational standard. 3. Evaluating and improving the teaching learning process. 4. Orientation of teachers through in-service teaching courses. 5. Evaluation and assessment of pupil’s achievement. 6. Arranging the researches, experiments and surveys. 7. Organizing the co-curricular activities. Academic Roles
Unit 3 concept of supervision
Unit 3 concept of supervision