concept of supervision ASIMA SHAHZADI COURSE CODE 6502 AIOU

1. Educational
management and
supervision
6502
Asima shahzadi
asimashahzadi7@gmail.com

3. After studying this unit students will be able;
 To describe the concept of supervision.
 To relate kinds of supervision.
 To narrate nature and characteristics of supervision.
 To differentiate the administration and supervision.
 To explain the purpose and need of supervision.
 To describe the qualities and goals of supervision.
 To describe the roles of supervision
Objectives of the Unit

4.  Meaning of Supervision
Supervision is a Latin Word. Super means ‘from the above’ and vision means
‘to see’. In ordinary sense of the term, supervision means overseeing the activities of
others.
Supervision is direction, guidance and control of working force with a view to
see that they are working according to plan and are keeping time schedule. Further,
they are getting all possible help in accomplishing their assigned work.
Supervision

5.  Supervision is the task of achieving the desired results by means of intelligent
utilization of human talents and utilizing resources in a manner that provides a
challenge to human talent. It is concerned with initiating action, putting into effect
the plan and decision by stimulation of the human resources of the
enterprise.”………………G.R. Terry
 “Supervision is the function of assuring that the work is being done in accordance
with the plan and instruction.”……………..Davis
Definitions of Supervision

6.  Inspection is an act of assessing, among others, the job, objects, systems,
people, and buildings to see if orders, quality standards, regulations, laws and
rules are being followed.

Supervision, on other hand, is an act of giving an oversight on a continuous
basis while giving orders and ensuring that they are carried out timeously,
effectively and carefully.
Difference between Inspection and Supervision

8. Kinds of Supervision
1. Autocratic or Authoritarian supervision:
2. Laissez-faire or free-rein supervision:
3. Democratic supervision:
4. Bureaucratic supervision:

9.  Under this type, the supervisor wields absolute power and wants
complete obedience from his subordinates.
 He wants everything to be done strictly according to his instructions
and never likes any intervention from his subordinates.
 This type of supervision is resorted to tackle indiscipline subordinates.
Autocratic or Authoritarian supervision:

10.  This is also known as independent supervision.
 Under this type of supervision, maximum freedom is allowed to the
subordinates.
 The supervisor never interferes in the work of the subordinates. In other
words, full freedom is given to workers to do their jobs.
 Subordinates are encouraged to solve their problems themselves.
Laissez-faire or free-rein supervision:

11.  Under this type, supervisor acts according to the mutual consent and
discussion or in other words he consults subordinates in the process
of decision making.
 This is also known as participative or consultative supervision.
 Subordinates are encouraged to give suggestions, take initiative
and exercise free judgment.
 This results in job satisfaction and improved morale of employees.
Democratic supervision:

12. Bureaucratic supervision:
 Under this type certain working rules and regulations are laid down by the
supervisor and all the subordinates are required to follow these rules and
regulations very strictly.
 A serious note of the violation of these rules and regulations is taken by the
supervisor.

13. 1. A democratic process
2. A continuous process
3. Scientific Process
4. Educational Supervision is Professional in Nature
5. Educational Supervision is creative in nature
6. Result oriented process
7. Process of motivation
8. Coordinated effort:
Nature of Supervision

14. 1. Effective supervision is adoptive and flexible
2. Effective supervision is cooperative
3. Effective supervision has a positive motivating effect
4. Effective supervision is both analytical and integrative
5. Effective supervision is intelligently conceived
Characteristics of Effective Supervision

16.  The main differences between educational administration and
supervision are related to their scope and goals. Administrators
organize and control the resources, represent and guide the
instructional communities.
 Supervisors visit, diagnose, evaluate and survey instructional
methods, teachers and learners, as well as overall climate.
Difference between Administration and
Supervision

17. 1. To set up suitable goals for the educational intuitions.
2. To help teachers to analyze critically their own activities.
3. Checking on the availability of teaching-learning material.
4. Assessing staff levels.
5. Advising the school climate.
Purpose and Need of Supervision
17

18. 7. Promotion curriculum change and innovation.
8. Attending to intuitional problems.
9. Data collection to facilitate planning and decision making.
Monitoring policy implementation.
Purpose and Need of Supervision (contin….)

19.  Knows how to communicate
 Is very creative
 Actively listens and observes
 Guides & motivates the team well
 Has good teamwork skills
 Is result-oriented
 Keeps focused on the goals
 Is well-organized and versatile
 Respects everybody
 Is a good mediator
Qualities of an Effective Supervision

20.  Is very honest
 Take others’ needs into consideration
 Makes decisions well
 Is a good negotiator
 Knows legal aspects
 Resolves conflicts
 Controls her/his stress, aggression, and frustration
 Is a good coach
 Seeks help and support
Qualities of an Effective Supervision (Contin…)

21.  Techniques are based on three stages
1. Stage one Preparation for supervision
2. Stage two Supervision
3. Stage three Follow up of Supervision
Different techniques of Supervision

22.  Study of documents
 Identification of priority for supervision
 Preparation of supervision schedule
Stage one: Preparation for supervision

23.  Establishing contacts
 Review of the objectives, targets and norms
 Review the job description
 Observe the staff’s motivation
 Observe for any actual or potential conflicts
Stage two: Supervision

24.  Reorganization of time-table/ work plan /duty roster
 Organizing in-service training programs / continuing education
programs for personnel.
 Initiating actions for organizing staff welfare activities
 Counseling and guidance regarding career development and
professional growth
Stage three: Follow up of Supervision

25.  Role of supervisor divided into two categories.
1. Administrative role
2. Academic role
Role of Supervisor

26. 1. Selection and appointment of class or supporting staff.
2. Sanction and payment of school grants.
3. Providing facilities to school.
4. Supervising the development tasks of school.
5. Checking the accounts and records of the school.
6. Checking the safety and security of the school plant.
7. Checking proper distribution of work load.
8. Welfare of the teachers.
Administrative Roles

27. 1. Supervision of teaching learning activities.
2. Enhancing and maintaining the educational standard.
3. Evaluating and improving the teaching learning process.
4. Orientation of teachers through in-service teaching courses.
5. Evaluation and assessment of pupil’s achievement.
6. Arranging the researches, experiments and surveys.
7. Organizing the co-curricular activities.
Academic Roles