Curriculum Evaluation is the process of collecting data on a programme to determine its value or worth with the aim of deciding whether to adopt, reject, or revise the programme.
A curriculum Plan is the advance arrangement of learning opportunities for a particular population of learners.
Curriculum guide is a written curriculum.
Curriculum Planning is the process whereby the arrangement of curriculum plans or learning opportunities are created.
Selection and organization of learning experienceNursing Path
Curriculum is the educational design of learning experiences for the students. Curricular experiences include course content as well as learning activities. The selection and organization of curricular experiences must also reflect the philosophy of the school. The identifying and organizing of curricular experiences begins with the analysis of curriculum objectives. The most commonly used approach in selecting learning experiences is the logical approach in which the process is treated as content in curriculum development.
A curriculum Plan is the advance arrangement of learning opportunities for a particular population of learners.
Curriculum guide is a written curriculum.
Curriculum Planning is the process whereby the arrangement of curriculum plans or learning opportunities are created.
Selection and organization of learning experienceNursing Path
Curriculum is the educational design of learning experiences for the students. Curricular experiences include course content as well as learning activities. The selection and organization of curricular experiences must also reflect the philosophy of the school. The identifying and organizing of curricular experiences begins with the analysis of curriculum objectives. The most commonly used approach in selecting learning experiences is the logical approach in which the process is treated as content in curriculum development.
Determinants of curriculum are the factors that affect the process of assessing needs, formulating objectives and developing instructional opportunities and evaluations.
It refers to the collection of information on which judgment might be made about the worth and the effectiveness of a particular programme. It includes making those judgments so that decision might be made about the future of programme, whether to retain the program as it stand, modify it or throw it out altogether.
Determinants of curriculum are the factors that affect the process of assessing needs, formulating objectives and developing instructional opportunities and evaluations.
It refers to the collection of information on which judgment might be made about the worth and the effectiveness of a particular programme. It includes making those judgments so that decision might be made about the future of programme, whether to retain the program as it stand, modify it or throw it out altogether.
This power point is about the didactic assessment. It is all about the didactic assessment definitions, related concepts, types, and didactic assessment tools.
it is a term used to refers to several kidney disease (both kidney) characterized by inflammation either of the glomeruli or of the small blood vessels in the kidney. but not all the disease necessarily have an inflammatory component.
It occurs due to repeated episodes of acute nephritic syndrome, nephrosclerosis and hyperlipidemia.
Master rotation plan is the overall plan of rotation of all students in a particular educational institution, showing the placement of the students belonging to total programme (4 years in B.Sc.(N) and 3 years in GNM) includes both theory and practice denoting the study block, partial block, placement of student in clinical blocks, team nursing, examinations, vacation, co-curricular activities etc.
Indian citizens possessing foreign nursing qualification are examined individually & after examination the syllabi and conformation from concerned foreign authorities, the nurses are granted approval for registration in India with the recommendation of equivalence committee under Section 11(2)(a) INC Act. 1947.
A model is a three-dimensional representation of a person or thing or of a proposed structure, typically on a smaller scale than the original:"a model of St. Paul's Cathedral“
A Model is a pattern of something to be made or reproduced and means of transferring a relationship `or process from its real (actual) setting to one which it can be more conveniently studied.
Curriculum development is a process in which participants at many levels make decisions about the purposes of learning, teaching- learning situation.
It is the process of gathering, setting, selecting, balancing and synthesizing relevant information from many sources in order to design the goals of curriculum.
Let’s examine what happens in each step of the curriculum development/revision cycle. This cycle is a dynamic system that helps each school re-vitalize and replenish what is taught to its students.
The term philosophy is derived from the Greek word Philein meaning to love, to strive after or search for and from the word Sophia which means wisdom.
Therefore, Philosophy is the search for wisdom by philosophers.
Teachers use curricula when trying to see what to teach to students and when, as well as what the rubrics should be, what kind of worksheets and teacher worksheets they should make, among other things.
It is actually up to the teachers themselves how these rubrics should be made, how these worksheets should be made and taught; it's all up to the teachers.
Perception (from the Latin perceptio) is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the presented information, or the environment.
The somatoform disorders are a group of psychological disorders in which a patient experiences physical symptoms that are inconsistent with or cannot be fully explained by any underlying general medical or neurologic condition. Medically unexplained physical symptoms account for as many as 50% of new medical outpatient visits. [1] Physical symptoms or painful complaints of unknown etiology are fairly common in pediatric populations. [2] Many healthy young children express emotional distress in terms of physical pain, such as stomachaches or headaches, but these complaints are usually transient and do not effect the child's overall functioning. The somatoform disorders represent the severe end of a continuum of somatic symptoms.
Somatization in children consists of the persistent experience and complaints of somatic distress that cannot be fully explained by a medical diagnosis. They can be represented by a wide spectrum of severity, ranging from mild self-limited symptoms, such as stomachache and headache, to chronic disabling symptoms, such as seizures and paralysis. These psychological disorders are often difficult to approach and complex to understand. It is important to note that these symptoms are not intentionally produced or under voluntary control.
In somatoform disorders, somatic symptoms become the focus of children and their families. They generally interfere with school, home life, and peer relationships. These youngsters are more likely to be considered sickly or health impaired by parents and caretakers, to be absent from school, and to perform poorly in academics. Somatization is often associated temporarily with psychosocial stress and can persist even after the acute stressor has resolved, resulting in the belief by the child and his or her family that the correct medical diagnosis has not yet been found. Thus, patients and families may continue to seek repeated medical treatment after being informed that no acute physical illness has been found and that the symptoms cannot be fully explained by a general medical condition. When somatization occurs in the context of a physical illness, it is identified by symptoms that go beyond the expected pathophysiology of the physical illness.
Recurrent complaints often present as diagnostic and treatment dilemmas to the primary care practitioner (PCP) who is trying to make sense of these symptoms. The PCP may feel poorly prepared and/or may have little time to assess or treat the somatic concerns. While the more disabling somatic complaints are more likely to be referred to a mental health professional, these youngsters presenting with these disabling physical symptoms bridge both medical and psychological domains and present a puzzling quandary for professionals from either field if working with them alone. [3] The nature of these symptoms requires an integrated medical and psychiatric treatment approach to successfully decrease the impairment caused by these disorders.
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that usually appears in late adolescence or early adulthood. Characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and other cognitive difficulties, schizophrenia can often be a lifelong struggle. In this article, we will cover the causes, symptoms, and treatment of schizophrenia
American psychologist Henry Murray developed a theory of personality that was organized in terms of motives, and needs. Murray described a need as a potentiality or readiness to respond in a certain way under certain given circumstances.
Theories of personality based upon needs and motives suggest that our personalities are a reflection of behaviors controlled by needs.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Struggling with intense fears that disrupt your life? At Renew Life Hypnosis, we offer specialized hypnosis to overcome fear. Phobias are exaggerated fears, often stemming from past traumas or learned behaviors. Hypnotherapy addresses these deep-seated fears by accessing the subconscious mind, helping you change your reactions to phobic triggers. Our expert therapists guide you into a state of deep relaxation, allowing you to transform your responses and reduce anxiety. Experience increased confidence and freedom from phobias with our personalized approach. Ready to live a fear-free life? Visit us at Renew Life Hypnosis..
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Navigating the Health Insurance Market_ Understanding Trends and Options.pdfEnterprise Wired
From navigating policy options to staying informed about industry trends, this comprehensive guide explores everything you need to know about the health insurance market.
2. Definition
Evaluation is the process of examining a program or
process to determine what is working, what is not
and why.
Evaluation determines the value of programs and
act as blueprints for judgment and improvement.
(Rossett and sheldon,2001)
• Evaluation is the process of gathering and
using information to help in making decisions
or judgment.
3. Curriculum Evaluation
• Curriculum Evaluation is the process of
collecting data on a programme to determine
its value or worth with the aim of deciding
whether to adopt, reject, or revise the
programme.
4. Concept of curriculum evaluation
Objectives
(end result)
Evaluation
(evidence of
accomplishment of
objectives)
Teaching learning process
Learning experiences
(means)
5. EVALUATION OF CURRICULUM
• Curriculum evaluation involves:
– An assessment of the philosophy of the institution,
– Goals of the institution,
– Nursing content taught in each course,
– Course objectives,
– Teaching- learning methods,
– Course evaluation methods
– The relationship of non nursing courses to the overall
plan of study.
6. NEED FOR CURRICULUM EVALUATION
• It determines the value of the curriculum.
• To find out the cause for defective curriculum.
• It clarify objectives and also to know the extent of
objectives achieved.
• It leads to the improvement of institution,
teaching-learning process.
• To diagnose difficulties in curriculum process.
• To gather information for administrative purpose.
• To provide quality control in education.
7. Two fold points of view of evaluation
of curriculum
1. C E is concerned with the measurement of the
achievement of objectives.
2. C E is the collection and use of information to
make decisions about the educational
program.
8. Methods and techniques of curriculum
evaluation
• Discussions
• Experiments
• Interview – individual & group
• Opinions
• Observations
• Questionnaire
• Schedules
• Practical performance
• Anecdotal records
9. Types of Curriculum Evaluation
• Formative evaluation is generally any
evaluation that takes place before or during a
project’s implementation with the aim of
improving the project’s design and
performance
1. Formative
Evaluation
10. Formative evaluation includes:
1. Judgmental data.
This type of evidence is gathered by rating, questionnaires,
interviews.
2. Observational data.
This type of evidence is obtained by direct observations in a free
manner.
3. Student Learning
This type of evaluation approaches the central problems of
curriculum development.
What kind of student learning take place when the curriculum
materials and method are used properly.
Here the main evidence has to do with student learning that takes
place in relation curriculum.
11. Benefits of Formative Evaluation
• It identifies problems in teaching and learning and
helps to correct it.
• By being formative it diagnose weakness at an early
stage for purpose of remediation or individual
teaching.
• Formative is also ideal for future planning in terms of
changing teaching methods and pupils activities
through resetting objectives, use of effective media,
regrouping and assessment methods as it helps to plan
also extension work for the excelling students.
• It is not used for certification.
12. 2. Summative Evaluation
• Summative evaluation can take place during
the project implementation, but is most often
undertaken at the end of a project.
• As such, summative evaluation can also be
referred to as ex-post evaluation.
• Persons other than the writer or the
developer of curriculum material will do it.
13. Benefits
• Describe the extent to which the programme
has attained the objectives.
• Provide guidelines for decision about
curriculum revision, modification and shift of
emphasis.
• Designed to protect the society by preventing
incompetent personnel from practicing.
• Establish overall attitudes of teachers anf
pupils to the course.
14. 3. Diagnostic Evaluation
• Usually analysis of this evaluation occurs
when: content of curriculum is updated,
something is added, something is taken out.
• Teachers take evaluation by these methods
15. Benefits of Diagnostic Evaluation
• It is helper in solving problems of students.
• It is helper in making teacher’s performance
better.
• It is helper in encouraging students and
teachers
16. PRINCIPLES OF CURRICULUM
EVALUATION
• Consists of finding out to what extend the
objectives are being achieved.
• Objectives for evaluation should be in terms of
behaviour changes.
• Be comprehensive enough to measure
adequately the significant behaviour.
• Techniques and methods used in evaluation
should be on the basis of specific behaviours
expected and measured.
17. Cont..
• Include a variety of evaluation tools or
instrument.
• The decision on whether the student has had
adequate experience in a given area should be in
terms of excellence of performance and not in
terms of time spent.
• Record of clinical practice should reflect the
objectives of practice and give evidence of the
extent to which students have achieved the
objectives
20. Curriculum evaluation plan
1. The rationale of
evaluation
Need for evaluation,
approach and benefits
2. Objectives of evaluation
study, specification of
standards
3. Curriculum description
Curriculum objectives,
philosophy, content,
procedures, description of
learners
4. Evaluation design
Evaluation models
Appropriateness of evaluation design
Methods of collecting information
Data analysis, Schedule of events
budget
5. Evaluation report
Findings of evaluation
programme
Suggestions for further study
22. Evaluation by Outsiders
• Outsiders may be consultants, inspectors or
administrators.
• They are considered experts because they
have spent years teaching, running projects or
training, with the drawback of not having
being involved with the programme to be
evaluated.
23. When to use External Evaluators?
• The legal base specifies that the activity needs
an external evaluation.
• There is reason to believe that an internal
evaluation would not meet the principles of
objectivity and independence.
24. Advantages of Evaluation by
Outsider
• Minimization of bias, at
least internal bias
• Perceive to be impartial
• Ability to look at matters
from a fresh perspective
Disadvantages of Evaluation by
Outsider
• Costly
• External evaluations take
more time
• Evaluators may
experience resistance from
organizational members.
• The findings of external
evaluations may not be
well- received by
stakeholders.
25. Evaluation by Insider
• Insiders may be teachers, students, staff and
anyone else closely involved in the
development and implementation of the
programme.
26. When to do Internal Evaluation?
• Additional valuable knowledge can be gained
by doing the evaluation in-house that would
not be obtained if it was commissioned to
external evaluators
• The information that will be used during the
evaluation is confidential.
• We do not have enough money to pay for
external evaluators.
27. Advantages of Evaluation by
Insider
• Flexibility
• Low Cost
• Tend to have greater
familiarity with the
organization itself and the
evaluated program
Disadvantages of evaluation by
insider
• Actual and perceived bias.
• Subsequent findings may
completely overlook
significant problem areas.
28. Combined Strategies
• Effective evaluation requires a combination of
insiders and outsiders.
• An effective evaluation design encourages
stakeholder participation, concentrates on skill
development, and establishes the usefulness
of the report and its recommendations.
• It uses a variety of data collection and analysis
tools that encourage participation and
ownership.
29. Advantages of Combined
Strategies
• Increase the reliability and
validity of the results
• Evaluation becomes more
democratic
Issues and Concerns
• Finding the ideal point of
balance within and between
internal and external
evaluation.
• The issue of evaluators’
expertise and
professionalism
31. MEANING OF CURRICULUM REVISION/
CHANGE
• Means changing or altering the existing
curriculum and making the curriculum
different in some way.
To improve the existing curriculum
Alteration can be in any area where there is a
deficit
The philosophy, objectives, courses, teaching
– learning methods or evaluatory procedures
32.
33. NEED FOR CURRICULUM CHANGE
1. To restructure the curriculum according to
the needs of learner’s society.
2. To eliminate unnecessary units, teaching
methods and contents.
3. To introduce latest and updated methods of
teaching and content, new knowledge and
practices.
4. To add or delete number of clinical hours of
instruction.
34. Factors influencing change in
curriculum
1. General societal changes
population growth
population pattern
move towards urbanization
consumption of natural resources
2. Health care changes
Increasing govt. control in health care
increasing need of health care professionals
increasing socialization in health field
Rapid increase of practice, skills and
knowledge level
36. PHASE- I - PLANNING
• Reviewing of curriculum is the first phase of
curriculum change, curriculum should be
reviewed by committee to identify areas that
need to be changed.
• The curriculum committee have to study,
report and make plans for the change in
curriculum.
• Involvement of faculty ,administration and
students in curriculum change is necessary..
37. PHASE – II - IMPLEMENTATION
• Once curriculum has been finalized, course
modification steps have to taken.
• The change plan will be implemented by
formulating objectives ,course content,
learning methods, teaching approaches and
evaluation process.
• The behavioral changes expected in the
students with the implementation of the
curriculum.
38. PHASE – III- EVALUATION
• Evaluation methods and procedures are made
at planning.
• Evaluation must be used to monitor the
progress of the student learning to determine
the extent to which the objectives have been
achieved and to find ways of improving
teaching and learning methods.
39. CONT..
• Implementing the plan of change in
curriculum required a system development of
the content ,learning experience and
evaluation.
• Certain principles to be made for the use of
curriculum when changing a curriculum.
• Change occurs within the institution and in
the participants of change.
40. Role of students/ parent in curriculum
change
• Students have an essential need to be actively
involved in curriculum development, changes
and implementations.
• If parents are qualified they may be involved
in syllabi modification and evaluation.
41. Role of faculty in curriculum change
• Helps to propagate the concepts and
principles of curriculum development and its
implementation.
• Conduct evaluation and research on
curriculum change.
42. Role of coordinator in curriculum
change
1.Planning - develop philosophy and objectives for
educational programme.
• Identifies the present needs related to
educational programme.
• Investigates, evaluates and secures resources.
• Formulates the plan of action.
• Selects and organizes learning experience.
• Participates in the formulation of admission and
recruitment policies
43. Cont..
2. Organizing - Determine the number of position
and scope and responsibility of each faculty and
staff.
• Analyses and prepares the job description,
indicates line of authority, responsibility in the
relationship and channels of communication by
means of organizational chart.
• Delegates authority with responsibility.
• Maintain a plan of work load among staff
members
44. Cont.
3. Directing - Recommends appointments and
promotions based on qualification and
experience.
• Provides adequate orientation to staff members.
• Guides and encourages staff members in their job
activities.
• Consistently makes administrative decision based
on establishment policies.
• Creates staff involvement in designing
educationally sound programme.
45. Role of administrators in curriculum
change
• To ensure the educational polices and goals
are properly reflected by the curriculum.
• Responsible for the realization of the
curriculum goals through its effective
implementation.
• Tryout is made properly after curriculum
changes.
• Priorities to be given to different programmes
at different levels.
46. Role of the Union Government
• It has an advisory role.
• It has advisory bodies like NCERT which helps
in developing necessary guidelines for
development of curriculum, instructional and
evaluation materials.
47. Role of national bodies (INC)
• It formulates philosophy, objectives, syllabi
and framework of all the courses.
• It will give permission to start and to continue
the course.
• It can stop the program if it feels that school/
college is not having necessary facilities.
48. Role of state govt.
• It permits the school/college to start and
continue the course according to the
infrastructure.
• Has responsibilities to produce and publish
text books, teacher’s hand book, and other
instruction materials to be used for classroom
instruction.
• Responsible for curriculum development and
implementation in schools.
49. Role of statutory bodies & other
stakeholders in curriculum change
• Educational organizations – play active role in
planning, developing, implementing,
evaluating and producing educational
materials.
• Methodology experts- help in curriculum
planning
• Making syllabi
• Evaluating curriculum
• Reviewing curriculum.
53. Summary
• With changing time, curriculum should also
change reflecting the needs and aspirations of
the people.
• There cannot be a uniform curriculum for all the
countries for all the time
• Curriculum content should be based on current
information and not on the past information.
• There is need for constantly changing and
updating the curriculum content.
Editor's Notes
Approaches: Addition , deletion or reorganization
Co-ordinator has multiple functions in the curriculum, he /she has a expanded role in all phase of curriculum.