This document presents an underwater acoustic sensor network for early warning generation of tsunamis. It discusses flaws in existing tsunami early warning systems, and proposes an integrated system using underwater sensor networks, satellites, and terrestrial communication networks. Key challenges addressed include power optimization, modulation schemes, and routing for underwater acoustic networks. Performance is measured by reliability and timeliness of warnings. Further improvements could include better simulations, decision support, and tsunami modeling.
Topic on Underwater Communication which includes both underwater wireless and wired communication . A full detailed overview about the topic has been given. Pictures are given to visualize the topic in better way. Covers a major potion like Hydrophones and SONAR. Can be presented as a seminar topic as well .
Underwater acoustic communication uses sound waves to transmit data underwater instead of electromagnetic waves. It allows remote control of underwater instruments and real-time data transmission. Examples include acoustic modems that convert digital data to sound signals, the Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis program's acoustic sensors that detect tsunamis, and robotic crawlers equipped with cameras and modems that can locate underwater objects and transmit images.
Underwater acoustic communication is a technique of sending and receiving message below water.[1] There are several ways of employing such communication but the most common is using hydrophones. Under water communication is difficult due to factors like multi-path propagation, time variations of the channel, small available bandwidth and strong signal attenuation, especially over long ranges. In underwater communication there are low data rates compared to terrestrial communication, since underwater communication uses acoustic waves instead of electromagnetic waves.
wireless Communication Underwater(Ocean)tanveer alam
Underwater wireless communication uses acoustic signals to transmit digital information through water. Wired connections are not always feasible for underwater experiments due to problems like cable breaks or high costs. Acoustic communication is affected by factors like path loss, noise, multipath propagation, and Doppler spread. Advanced acoustic modems employ techniques like error correction coding to achieve low bit error rates. Underwater acoustic sensor networks use groups of sensors and autonomous underwater vehicles linked by acoustic connections to collaboratively monitor things like pollution, currents, and equipment. Despite progress, limitations remain regarding battery life, bandwidth, and environmental impacts on performance.
underwater wireless communication by shyam shinde9527604481
This seminar presentation discusses underwater wireless communication technology. It provides an introduction and history of underwater acoustics, describes the technology including how acoustic signals propagate underwater and are used to transmit data. It also discusses attacks such as jamming and wormholes that can occur underwater, and necessary security countermeasures. Finally, it outlines the necessity of underwater wireless communication for applications like pollution monitoring and search and rescue, as well as advantages and disadvantages compared to wired solutions.
Underwater wireless communication networks (UWCNs) consist of sensors and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) that interact, coordinate and share information with each other to carry out sensing and monitoring functions.
This document presents information on underwater wireless communication. It discusses how acoustic waves can be used for underwater wireless transmission instead of radio waves due to water's inhibiting effects on radio waves. The document outlines the working, applications, advantages and disadvantages of underwater wireless communication using acoustic waves and acoustic modems. It provides figures showing different acoustic modems and the network architecture. The conclusion states that underwater wireless using acoustic waves can achieve high data rates with lower path loss compared to other methods.
This document presents information about underwater acoustic communication channels. It discusses how sound can be used as a wireless communication medium underwater, as radio waves do not propagate well in water. It describes some of the key challenges with underwater acoustic channels, including limited bandwidth, multipath propagation, Doppler effects from water movements, noise from biological and man-made sources, and scattering. It also provides examples of potential underwater applications that could benefit from acoustic communication technologies, such as pollution monitoring, seismic monitoring, and autonomous underwater vehicle control.
Topic on Underwater Communication which includes both underwater wireless and wired communication . A full detailed overview about the topic has been given. Pictures are given to visualize the topic in better way. Covers a major potion like Hydrophones and SONAR. Can be presented as a seminar topic as well .
Underwater acoustic communication uses sound waves to transmit data underwater instead of electromagnetic waves. It allows remote control of underwater instruments and real-time data transmission. Examples include acoustic modems that convert digital data to sound signals, the Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis program's acoustic sensors that detect tsunamis, and robotic crawlers equipped with cameras and modems that can locate underwater objects and transmit images.
Underwater acoustic communication is a technique of sending and receiving message below water.[1] There are several ways of employing such communication but the most common is using hydrophones. Under water communication is difficult due to factors like multi-path propagation, time variations of the channel, small available bandwidth and strong signal attenuation, especially over long ranges. In underwater communication there are low data rates compared to terrestrial communication, since underwater communication uses acoustic waves instead of electromagnetic waves.
wireless Communication Underwater(Ocean)tanveer alam
Underwater wireless communication uses acoustic signals to transmit digital information through water. Wired connections are not always feasible for underwater experiments due to problems like cable breaks or high costs. Acoustic communication is affected by factors like path loss, noise, multipath propagation, and Doppler spread. Advanced acoustic modems employ techniques like error correction coding to achieve low bit error rates. Underwater acoustic sensor networks use groups of sensors and autonomous underwater vehicles linked by acoustic connections to collaboratively monitor things like pollution, currents, and equipment. Despite progress, limitations remain regarding battery life, bandwidth, and environmental impacts on performance.
underwater wireless communication by shyam shinde9527604481
This seminar presentation discusses underwater wireless communication technology. It provides an introduction and history of underwater acoustics, describes the technology including how acoustic signals propagate underwater and are used to transmit data. It also discusses attacks such as jamming and wormholes that can occur underwater, and necessary security countermeasures. Finally, it outlines the necessity of underwater wireless communication for applications like pollution monitoring and search and rescue, as well as advantages and disadvantages compared to wired solutions.
Underwater wireless communication networks (UWCNs) consist of sensors and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) that interact, coordinate and share information with each other to carry out sensing and monitoring functions.
This document presents information on underwater wireless communication. It discusses how acoustic waves can be used for underwater wireless transmission instead of radio waves due to water's inhibiting effects on radio waves. The document outlines the working, applications, advantages and disadvantages of underwater wireless communication using acoustic waves and acoustic modems. It provides figures showing different acoustic modems and the network architecture. The conclusion states that underwater wireless using acoustic waves can achieve high data rates with lower path loss compared to other methods.
This document presents information about underwater acoustic communication channels. It discusses how sound can be used as a wireless communication medium underwater, as radio waves do not propagate well in water. It describes some of the key challenges with underwater acoustic channels, including limited bandwidth, multipath propagation, Doppler effects from water movements, noise from biological and man-made sources, and scattering. It also provides examples of potential underwater applications that could benefit from acoustic communication technologies, such as pollution monitoring, seismic monitoring, and autonomous underwater vehicle control.
This document discusses underwater acoustic communication. It notes deficiencies in current communication methods and the necessity of acoustic communication. It provides an overview of acoustic communication models and modems. Applications are described including controlling autonomous underwater vehicles and sensors. Limitations are outlined such as limited bandwidth and battery power. The conclusion states the goal is to overcome limitations and implement advanced acoustic technology for oceanographic research.
This document discusses underwater wireless sensor networks and some of the challenges in implementing them. It notes that about two-thirds of the Earth is covered in oceans which remain largely unexplored despite their potential for applications like seismic imaging, undersea exploration, and disaster prevention. Some key challenges for underwater sensor networks include high propagation delays, strong attenuation of radio waves in salt water, multipath and fading effects, and sensors being prone to failures from fouling and corrosion. Potential applications discussed include seismic monitoring of underwater oil fields. Implementing such networks raises research challenges around reliably extracting data, localization of sensor nodes, clock synchronization, and energy management to extend network lifetimes during long-term deployments.
While wireless communication technology today has become part of our daily life, the
idea of wireless undersea communications may still seem far-fetched. However, research has
been active for over a decade on designing the methods for wireless information transmission
underwater. Human knowledge and understanding of the world’s oceans, which constitute
the major part of our planet, rests on our ability to collect information from remote undersea
locations.
The major discoveries of the past decades, such as the remains of Titanic, or the hydrothermal
vents at bottom of deep ocean, were made using cabled submersibles. Although such
systems remain indispensable if high-speed communication link is to exists between the
remote end and the surface, it is natural to wonder what one could accomplish without the
burden (and cost) of heavy cables.
Hence the motivation, and interest in wireless underwater communications. Together with
sensor technology and vehicular technology, wireless communications will enable new
applications ranging from environmental monitoring to gathering of oceanographic data,
marine archaeology, and search and rescue missions.
Underwater Wireless Communication is the wireless communication in which acoustic signals (waves) carry digital information through an underwater channel.
Implementation of Optical wireless communication through underwater channelSANKETLKENDUR
This project is based on transformation of data like text, voice, audio and image through underwater using visible light. This is major application in military like navy and submarines, scientific community for underwater research, flood detection, climatic changes , oceanography and more . The cost of this budget around 15k to 17k.
While wireless communication technology today has become part of our daily life, the
idea of wireless undersea communications may still seem far-fetched. However, research has
been active for over a decade on designing the methods for wireless information transmission
underwater. Human knowledge and understanding of the world’s oceans, which constitute
the major part of our planet, rests on our ability to collect information from remote undersea
locations.
The major discoveries of the past decades, such as the remains of Titanic, or the hydrothermal
vents at bottom of deep ocean, were made using cabled submersibles. Although such
systems remain indispensable if high-speed communication link is to exists between the
remote end and the surface, it is natural to wonder what one could accomplish without the
burden (and cost) of heavy cables.
Underwater optical communication is a promising alternative to acoustic methods for underwater wireless communication. Radio waves do not propagate well underwater, so optical methods using lasers and LEDs can provide line-of-sight transmission of data, video and signals for vehicle control. Several factors influence the performance of underwater optical links, including absorption and scattering by water constituents like phytoplankton and dissolved organic matter, as well as scattering from suspended particles.
This document outlines securing underwater wireless communication networks. It discusses the necessity of underwater communication networks for applications like monitoring and introduces common attacks like jamming, wormholes, and Sybil attacks. It proposes countermeasures like spread spectrum techniques and localization. The document also covers important security requirements like authentication, confidentiality, and integrity. It proposes mechanisms for secure time synchronization, localization, and routing to address challenges in underwater wireless networks.
Underwater sensor networks have the potential to enable new applications and enhance ocean observation. They consist of sensors, autonomous underwater vehicles, and communication architecture. Challenges include limited bandwidth, multipath effects, and power constraints. The network topology and protocol stack must be designed to address issues like delays and bandwidth restrictions. Underwater sensor networks differ from terrestrial networks in deployment, power, memory and other factors due to the underwater environment. They can be used for applications like environmental monitoring, exploration, and disaster prevention.
This document summarizes optical wireless communication (OWC), including visible light communication (VLC) and free space optical communication (FSO). It discusses the history and development of OWC, current applications, and future directions. Key advantages are high data capacity and bandwidth without licensing, while disadvantages include signal attenuation over distance. Future areas of focus include improving laser and optical network technologies to enable multi-terabit transmission and all-optical networks.
“Securing underwater wireless communication networks” 2Naveena N
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on securing underwater wireless communication networks. It discusses the existing challenges with underwater wireless networks including high bit error rates, propagation delays, and low bandwidth. It proposes three schemes for securing such networks: secure time synchronization to enable power saving; secure localization for location information and data tagging; and secure routing to reject paths with malicious nodes. The techniques aim to provide secure data transmission and are based on mechanisms like time synchronization, localization using time/signal information, and routing protocols.
This document provides an overview of ultra-wideband (UWB) technology. It discusses what UWB is, its principles and characteristics in both the time and frequency domains. Key advantages of UWB include high data rates over short ranges, multipath immunity, low power and cost. Applications discussed include wireless personal area networks, military communications, ground penetrating radar and sensors. Challenges of UWB are also noted, as well as its future potential and comparison to other technologies.
This document discusses wireless charging, including its types, design overview, applications, advantages, and limitations. Wireless charging uses electromagnetic induction or resonance to transfer power between two coils without wires. The three main types are resonance charging, inductive charging, and radio charging. A wireless charging system consists of a transmitter, antenna, and receiver. Wireless charging can power devices like phones and laptops but has limitations in efficiency and range for larger devices.
This document discusses autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and their use for ocean surveys. It describes how AUVs are becoming more widely used due to improvements in battery technology, propulsion efficiency, and pressure vessel design. However, there is a perception that AUVs are expensive, complex and risky to operate. The document examines the advantages and disadvantages of using AUVs compared to towed instruments for ocean margin surveys, and illustrates the development of scientific AUV Autosub and how it has overcome technological challenges to achieve greater depth and range through integrated sensors. It also discusses reasons why AUVs have not been more generally adopted for ocean surveys.
This document provides an introduction to optical wireless communication (OWC), also known as light fidelity (LiFi). It discusses how OWC works using beams of infrared or near-infrared light rather than radio waves. There are three main channel topologies: point-to-point links, diffuse links, and quasi-diffuse links. Advantages of OWC include high data rates, low costs, and no licensing requirements, while disadvantages include inability to pass through walls and limited transmission power. OWC applications include chip-to-chip communication, wireless optical local area networks, and free-space optical communication for long-range outdoor links.
This presentation & video explains electromagnetic spectrum, frequency, band, bandwidth and how these concepts are used in mobile technology. We also look at antennas for smartphones including 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G
Three sentences:
Sound waves are mechanical waves that propagate through a medium as variations in pressure. Acoustic sensors convert these pressure variations into electrical signals using various transduction mechanisms like piezoelectricity, capacitance changes, or fiber optic interferometry. Common acoustic sensors include microphones, hydrophones, and surface acoustic wave sensors which propagate mechanical waves along the surface of piezoelectric materials to enable highly sensitive measurement.
Surface acoustic wave sensors rely on modulating and transducing surface acoustic waves to sense physical phenomena. They have advantages including compact size, high sensitivity, fast response, and ability to operate wirelessly in harsh environments. A basic SAW sensor consists of a piezoelectric substrate with input and output interdigital transducers to launch and receive surface acoustic waves. The transducers convert between electrical and mechanical surface waves, allowing remote sensing by analyzing signal changes induced by external factors interacting with the waves.
This document discusses underwater acoustic communication. It notes deficiencies in current communication methods and the necessity of acoustic communication. It provides an overview of acoustic communication models and modems. Applications are described including controlling autonomous underwater vehicles and sensors. Limitations are outlined such as limited bandwidth and battery power. The conclusion states the goal is to overcome limitations and implement advanced acoustic technology for oceanographic research.
This document discusses underwater wireless sensor networks and some of the challenges in implementing them. It notes that about two-thirds of the Earth is covered in oceans which remain largely unexplored despite their potential for applications like seismic imaging, undersea exploration, and disaster prevention. Some key challenges for underwater sensor networks include high propagation delays, strong attenuation of radio waves in salt water, multipath and fading effects, and sensors being prone to failures from fouling and corrosion. Potential applications discussed include seismic monitoring of underwater oil fields. Implementing such networks raises research challenges around reliably extracting data, localization of sensor nodes, clock synchronization, and energy management to extend network lifetimes during long-term deployments.
While wireless communication technology today has become part of our daily life, the
idea of wireless undersea communications may still seem far-fetched. However, research has
been active for over a decade on designing the methods for wireless information transmission
underwater. Human knowledge and understanding of the world’s oceans, which constitute
the major part of our planet, rests on our ability to collect information from remote undersea
locations.
The major discoveries of the past decades, such as the remains of Titanic, or the hydrothermal
vents at bottom of deep ocean, were made using cabled submersibles. Although such
systems remain indispensable if high-speed communication link is to exists between the
remote end and the surface, it is natural to wonder what one could accomplish without the
burden (and cost) of heavy cables.
Hence the motivation, and interest in wireless underwater communications. Together with
sensor technology and vehicular technology, wireless communications will enable new
applications ranging from environmental monitoring to gathering of oceanographic data,
marine archaeology, and search and rescue missions.
Underwater Wireless Communication is the wireless communication in which acoustic signals (waves) carry digital information through an underwater channel.
Implementation of Optical wireless communication through underwater channelSANKETLKENDUR
This project is based on transformation of data like text, voice, audio and image through underwater using visible light. This is major application in military like navy and submarines, scientific community for underwater research, flood detection, climatic changes , oceanography and more . The cost of this budget around 15k to 17k.
While wireless communication technology today has become part of our daily life, the
idea of wireless undersea communications may still seem far-fetched. However, research has
been active for over a decade on designing the methods for wireless information transmission
underwater. Human knowledge and understanding of the world’s oceans, which constitute
the major part of our planet, rests on our ability to collect information from remote undersea
locations.
The major discoveries of the past decades, such as the remains of Titanic, or the hydrothermal
vents at bottom of deep ocean, were made using cabled submersibles. Although such
systems remain indispensable if high-speed communication link is to exists between the
remote end and the surface, it is natural to wonder what one could accomplish without the
burden (and cost) of heavy cables.
Underwater optical communication is a promising alternative to acoustic methods for underwater wireless communication. Radio waves do not propagate well underwater, so optical methods using lasers and LEDs can provide line-of-sight transmission of data, video and signals for vehicle control. Several factors influence the performance of underwater optical links, including absorption and scattering by water constituents like phytoplankton and dissolved organic matter, as well as scattering from suspended particles.
This document outlines securing underwater wireless communication networks. It discusses the necessity of underwater communication networks for applications like monitoring and introduces common attacks like jamming, wormholes, and Sybil attacks. It proposes countermeasures like spread spectrum techniques and localization. The document also covers important security requirements like authentication, confidentiality, and integrity. It proposes mechanisms for secure time synchronization, localization, and routing to address challenges in underwater wireless networks.
Underwater sensor networks have the potential to enable new applications and enhance ocean observation. They consist of sensors, autonomous underwater vehicles, and communication architecture. Challenges include limited bandwidth, multipath effects, and power constraints. The network topology and protocol stack must be designed to address issues like delays and bandwidth restrictions. Underwater sensor networks differ from terrestrial networks in deployment, power, memory and other factors due to the underwater environment. They can be used for applications like environmental monitoring, exploration, and disaster prevention.
This document summarizes optical wireless communication (OWC), including visible light communication (VLC) and free space optical communication (FSO). It discusses the history and development of OWC, current applications, and future directions. Key advantages are high data capacity and bandwidth without licensing, while disadvantages include signal attenuation over distance. Future areas of focus include improving laser and optical network technologies to enable multi-terabit transmission and all-optical networks.
“Securing underwater wireless communication networks” 2Naveena N
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on securing underwater wireless communication networks. It discusses the existing challenges with underwater wireless networks including high bit error rates, propagation delays, and low bandwidth. It proposes three schemes for securing such networks: secure time synchronization to enable power saving; secure localization for location information and data tagging; and secure routing to reject paths with malicious nodes. The techniques aim to provide secure data transmission and are based on mechanisms like time synchronization, localization using time/signal information, and routing protocols.
This document provides an overview of ultra-wideband (UWB) technology. It discusses what UWB is, its principles and characteristics in both the time and frequency domains. Key advantages of UWB include high data rates over short ranges, multipath immunity, low power and cost. Applications discussed include wireless personal area networks, military communications, ground penetrating radar and sensors. Challenges of UWB are also noted, as well as its future potential and comparison to other technologies.
This document discusses wireless charging, including its types, design overview, applications, advantages, and limitations. Wireless charging uses electromagnetic induction or resonance to transfer power between two coils without wires. The three main types are resonance charging, inductive charging, and radio charging. A wireless charging system consists of a transmitter, antenna, and receiver. Wireless charging can power devices like phones and laptops but has limitations in efficiency and range for larger devices.
This document discusses autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and their use for ocean surveys. It describes how AUVs are becoming more widely used due to improvements in battery technology, propulsion efficiency, and pressure vessel design. However, there is a perception that AUVs are expensive, complex and risky to operate. The document examines the advantages and disadvantages of using AUVs compared to towed instruments for ocean margin surveys, and illustrates the development of scientific AUV Autosub and how it has overcome technological challenges to achieve greater depth and range through integrated sensors. It also discusses reasons why AUVs have not been more generally adopted for ocean surveys.
This document provides an introduction to optical wireless communication (OWC), also known as light fidelity (LiFi). It discusses how OWC works using beams of infrared or near-infrared light rather than radio waves. There are three main channel topologies: point-to-point links, diffuse links, and quasi-diffuse links. Advantages of OWC include high data rates, low costs, and no licensing requirements, while disadvantages include inability to pass through walls and limited transmission power. OWC applications include chip-to-chip communication, wireless optical local area networks, and free-space optical communication for long-range outdoor links.
This presentation & video explains electromagnetic spectrum, frequency, band, bandwidth and how these concepts are used in mobile technology. We also look at antennas for smartphones including 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G
Three sentences:
Sound waves are mechanical waves that propagate through a medium as variations in pressure. Acoustic sensors convert these pressure variations into electrical signals using various transduction mechanisms like piezoelectricity, capacitance changes, or fiber optic interferometry. Common acoustic sensors include microphones, hydrophones, and surface acoustic wave sensors which propagate mechanical waves along the surface of piezoelectric materials to enable highly sensitive measurement.
Surface acoustic wave sensors rely on modulating and transducing surface acoustic waves to sense physical phenomena. They have advantages including compact size, high sensitivity, fast response, and ability to operate wirelessly in harsh environments. A basic SAW sensor consists of a piezoelectric substrate with input and output interdigital transducers to launch and receive surface acoustic waves. The transducers convert between electrical and mechanical surface waves, allowing remote sensing by analyzing signal changes induced by external factors interacting with the waves.
This document provides an overview of an introductory workshop on online learning. The workshop covers the key elements of online instruction including course design, student engagement, and assessment. It aims to help participants learn best practices in online teaching and develop practical skills in using the learning platform Blackboard. The workshop consists of two sessions: the first involves a presentation and starting a project, while the second is a working session to share and continue assignments and make personal plans.
Seminar on underwater sensor network in which we are focusing on energy conservation or how to regain the energy in the sensor from tidal energy this is generating the new concept in this field
In this AUTOSAR layered architecture, Communication Stack or ComStack facilitates communication. Hence ComStack can be defined as a software stack that provides communication services to the Basic Software Modules and Application Layer or Application Software.
https://www.embitel.com/product-engineering-2/automotive/autosar/
This document discusses underwater acoustic communication and some of the challenges. It describes how about 2/3 of the Earth is covered in oceans, leaving a huge amount of natural resources to potentially discover through underwater exploration and monitoring. However, underwater acoustic communication is difficult due to factors like multipath propagation, time variations of the channel, small available bandwidth, and strong signal attenuation over long ranges. It also provides examples of potential underwater applications that could benefit from improving underwater acoustic communication technologies.
Lambdas and streams are key new features in Java 8. Lambdas allow blocks of code to be passed around as if they were objects. Streams provide an abstraction for processing collections of objects in a declarative way using lambdas. Optional is a new class that represents null-safe references and helps avoid null pointer exceptions. Checked exceptions can cause issues with lambdas, so helper methods are recommended to convert checked exceptions to unchecked exceptions.
underwater communication skills for the new way of devine(2)Manjushree Mashal
This document discusses underwater wireless communication networks and security issues. It begins with an introduction to underwater wireless communication using acoustic signals. It then provides historical context on underwater acoustics research. The document outlines the architecture of underwater sensor networks, including applications like environmental monitoring. It discusses problems in underwater networks like limited bandwidth and battery power. The document also examines various attacks on underwater networks like jamming, wormholes, and Sybil attacks. Finally, it covers security requirements for underwater networks like authentication, integrity, and confidentiality and the need for further research on security and transmission techniques.
This document discusses localization schemes for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). It begins by providing background on WSNs and the unique challenges of UWSNs. It then discusses why localization is important for UWSNs and describes the main categories of localization schemes: range-based schemes that use distance or bearing measurements, and range-free schemes that do not. Specific range-based schemes discussed include infrastructure-based, distributed positioning, schemes using mobile beacons, and schemes without anchors. Range-free schemes include hop-count, centroid, area-localization, and signal processing schemes. The document concludes by comparing the schemes and discussing the need for further evaluation in underwater systems.
The document provides tips for designing effective PowerPoint presentations. It recommends making slides big, simple, clear, progressive and consistent. Specifically, it suggests using large font sizes, simple language and visuals, clear contrasts and focal points, focusing on key points progressively, and maintaining consistency in design elements. The document also provides tips for presenting, such as speaking loudly and making eye contact with the audience.
How I got 2.5 Million views on Slideshare (by @nickdemey - Board of Innovation)Board of Innovation
This document provides tips for creating engaging slide decks on SlideShare that garner many views. It recommends focusing on quality over quantity when creating each slide, using compelling images and headlines, and including calls to action throughout. It also suggests experimenting with sharing techniques and doing so in waves to build momentum. The goal is to create decks that are optimized for sharing and spread across multiple channels over time.
An impactful approach to the Seven Deadly Sins you and your Brand should avoid on Social Media! From a humoristic approach to a modern-life analogy for Social Media and including everything in between, this deck is a compelling resource that will provide you with more than a few take-aways for your Brand!
This document discusses different early warning systems for disasters. It describes earthquake warning systems that detect P-waves to warn of impending shaking. Flood warning systems use sensors along riverbanks to detect rising water levels and wirelessly transmit warnings. Tsunami warning systems use sea level gauges and DART buoys to detect changes underwater and issue alerts to evacuate coastal areas. The goal of early warning systems is to provide timely information to communities to prepare for and reduce harm from disasters.
Analysis on Data Transmission in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network for Compl...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes data transmission in underwater acoustic sensor networks for complex environments. It discusses the challenges posed by the underwater environment, including limited bandwidth, high propagation delays, and high bit error rates. It proposes a clustering-based routing protocol called EGRC that partitions the 3D environment into blocks and selects cluster heads based on residual energy and location to optimize energy efficiency and reliability of data transmission. Simulation results demonstrate that EGRC performs better than other protocols in terms of energy efficiency, reliability, and end-to-end delay. The protocol aims to improve network lifetime by reducing redundant data and optimizing energy usage across the entire network.
This document discusses early warning systems for natural disasters. It describes how early warning systems work for earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, and cyclones. For earthquakes, sensors detect preliminary waves and use those to estimate location, magnitude, and expected shaking to warn communities. Flood systems use automated sensors to monitor water levels and send warnings. Tsunami systems use seismic and sea level sensors to detect potential tsunamis and issue warnings. Cyclone detection algorithms identify developing storms to provide more lead time for warnings and research. The purpose of all these systems is to generate and disseminate timely warnings to protect lives and property.
This document discusses how wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can help manage disasters. WSNs consist of low-cost, low-power sensor nodes that cooperate to sense the environment and communicate wirelessly. They are proposed as an alternative to satellite monitoring for disaster management. WSNs can provide early warnings of disasters and help search and rescue operations by locating victims. The document outlines key design considerations for using WSNs for disaster detection, monitoring and response, including how to deploy the sensors and which sensing modalities to use based on the type of disaster.
This document discusses centralized fault management of docks in marine sensor networks. It proposes a distributed routing algorithm (DRA) and network topology management technique (NTMT) to address issues with existing systems. DRA allows for pre-failure detection of nodes by having nodes send heartbeat messages to neighbors. If a node fails, NTMT selects a replacement node from the smallest affected network partition and coordinates moving related nodes to restore connectivity while maintaining existing links. The techniques are analyzed through simulations which show improvements over previous approaches by enabling pre-failure detection and recovery without significantly increasing path lengths or overhead.
Centralized Fault Management of Docks in Marine Sensor NetworksIOSR Journals
This document discusses centralized fault management of docks in marine sensor networks. It proposes a distributed routing algorithm (DRA) and network topology management technique (NTMT) to address issues with existing systems. DRA allows for pre-failure detection of nodes by having nodes send heartbeat messages to neighbors. If a node fails, NTMT selects a replacement node from the smallest affected network partition and coordinates moving surrounding nodes to maintain connectivity while replacing the failed node. The techniques are analyzed through simulations, which show DRA can detect failures before they occur and NTMT effectively recovers network topology when replacing failed nodes.
This document provides an overview of underwater communication protocols and challenges in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). It discusses that UWSNs face different challenges than terrestrial networks due to limited bandwidth, high propagation delays, and dynamic underwater channels. Several MAC protocols have been proposed to provide energy efficient and reliable data transmission from sensor nodes to a sink node in UWSNs. The document reviews research on localization techniques, existing MAC protocols, and advances and future trends in the physical, MAC and routing layers of UWSN communication stacks. It aims to give a comprehensive overview of the current state of research in key areas of UWSNs.
IRJET- A Survey of Underwater CommunicationIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on underwater communication and aquatic drones. It discusses how acoustic signals can transmit data underwater over long distances, unlike radio signals. It also outlines challenges with underwater wireless sensor networks including unmanned exploration, localized data acquisition, and tetherless networking over large areas. The document reviews the development of aquatic drones, both remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROVs) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). It provides examples of existing AUVs and their applications in tasks like mine clearing and outlines ongoing navy research priorities to expand AUV capabilities.
This document discusses tsunami wave height forecasting for coastlines with complex geometries using an integrated approach of early warning systems and inundation modeling. It describes the classification of tsunami warning systems, forecasting methods used by the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System (IOTWS), and the use of pre-computed inundation data and coastal forecast zones to provide tsunami forecasts and risk assessments. The integrated approach provides tsunami wave height forecasts at shorelines to inform early warnings and assessments of tsunami risk.
This document discusses underwater sensor networks. It begins by defining sensors and how machines use sensors like temperature, pressure, and light sensors to perceive the environment. It then discusses wireless sensor networks and key enabling technologies like MEMS, wireless communications, and digital electronics. The rest of the document discusses applications of underwater sensor networks, challenges in their design due to limitations of the underwater environment, how they differ from terrestrial networks, their components like sensors, autonomous underwater vehicles, and communication architectures. It also summarizes the protocol stack and discusses the physical, data link, network, transport and application layers in underwater sensor networks.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
This document summarizes research on underwater sensor networks (UWSNs). It describes two common architectures for UWSNs - two-dimensional networks where sensors are anchored to the ocean bottom, and three-dimensional networks where sensors float at different depths. It also outlines key factors that influence underwater acoustic communication in UWSNs, including high path loss, ambient noise, multipath effects, and long propagation delays. The goal of the research is to analyze the network layer and propose novel recommendations to improve the feasibility of UWSNs for applications like structural health monitoring.
This document discusses the Indian Tsunami Early Warning System project managed by Tata Consultancy Services. It provides an overview of the key components and architecture of the system, which includes subsystems for tsunami modeling, seismic monitoring, tide gauge monitoring, data warehousing, and a decision support system. The document also highlights some of the best practices in project management that were implemented, such as completing the project one month ahead of schedule and achieving full customer satisfaction.
The document summarizes India's tsunami warning system, which includes estimating earthquake parameters from seismic stations, monitoring sea level changes with bottom pressure recorders and tide gauges, pre-running tsunami modeling scenarios based on different seismic events, maintaining high-resolution bathymetry and coastal maps, and operating a 24/7 warning center to analyze data and issue advisories. The system detected and warned of the 2007 Java tsunami in a timely manner to help administration and possible evacuation.
Architectural study of littoral zone sensing using underwater acoustic wirele...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes and discusses different architectural approaches for deploying underwater wireless sensor networks to monitor coastal environments. It describes Pompili and Melodia's 2D and 3D static architectures where sensor nodes are anchored to the seabed or attached to buoys at various depths. It also discusses challenges like energy efficiency, node mobility, and propagation delays. Modified 3D architectures are proposed where nodes can dynamically adjust their depths using engines. Finally, it introduces a multipath virtual sink architecture using clustering and local aggregation points to improve reliability and robustness of data transmission.
The landslide consists of rock wedge threatening two roads which are important for local
transportation. The present work encompasses all the components of an early warning system, including
the geological knowledge, the risk scenarios, the kinematic characterization of the landslide, the choice and
installation of the monitoring system, the setting of appropriate alarm levels and the definition of plans of
civil protection. The focus is on practical and logistical issues met in all these phases and the countermeasures adopted. At present the system consists in 13 wire extensometers, 1 thermometer, 1 rain gauge
and 3 cameras. Should a velocity threshold be exceeded by two or more sensors, the attention level would be
entered, causing improved monitoring and surveillance. In case the behaviour of the landslide changes and,
by using expert judgment and forecasting methods, an imminent failure is hinted, then an alarm is issued
and the upper road is closed.
Analysis of CODBR and CEEDBR Protocols in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networksbijcicnjounal
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Underwater acoustic sensor network
1. UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC SENSOR
NETWORK
FOR EARLY WARNING GENERATION
by
Srija
Physics and Mathematics Dept.
Whitman College, WA, USA
srijas@whitman.edu.in
Co-authors:
Prashant Kumar and Preetam Kumar, Electrical Engg. Dept.
Indian Institute of Technology Patna, India
Poonam Priyadarshini, Electronics and Comm. Engg. Dept.
Birla Institute of Technology Patna, India
IEEE/MTS OCEANS’12 Hampton Roads, Virginia Oct. 14-19
2. BRIEF OUTLINE
Problem Statement
Flaw in Existing Systems
Our Contribution
Challenges in Implementation
Performance Metrics
Scope of further improvement
Conclusion
References
3. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Tsunami is actually a series of ocean waves produced by earthquakes
or underwater landslides that can travel at speeds averaging 450 miles
per hour in the open ocean.
A tsunami warning system (TWS) is used to detect tsunamis in
advance and issue warnings to prevent loss of life and damage.
The evolution of TWS shows a significant development from seismic-
centered to multi-sensor system architectures.
Two equally important components: a network of sensors to detect
tsunamis and a communications infrastructure to issue timely alarms
to permit evacuation of coastal areas.
This presentation highlights the physical layer challenges in
establishing a reliable, low power consuming and long life
underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) system for such
early warning generation.
4. EXISTING SYSTEMS
A sensor network capable of detecting an oceanic earthquake and an impending
tsunami is feasible, but will be useless unless backed by improved
communications infrastructure in the countries in greatest peril.
The devastating death toll and damage caused by the tsunami in 2004 has
prompted urgent calls for an early warning system.
European Union funded project Distant Early Warning System (DEWS) has aims
at developing an advanced interoperable Tsunami early warning system for
strong early warning capacities for Indonesia.
The project detects and analyzes seismic events in the Indian Ocean, the rapid
assessment of their potential to unleash a Tsunami, and warning at-risk
countries by means of a network of detectors made up of broadband
seismometers, land and ocean-surface based GPS instruments, tide gauges, and
ocean bottom pressure control devices. Using satellites, the data obtained by
these instruments is sent to a central station in Jakarta, Indonesia for
processing.
5. INCOIS
Tsunami Early Warning Centre is a part of Indian Nation Centre For Ocean
Information Services (INCOIS). It has a warehouse of ocean related
information gathered from institutions in India involved in Marine Data, Ocean
Observation and Atmospheric sciences.
INCOIS translate it into deliverable products to a range of users - Fishing
community, State Fishery Department Officers, Planning Commission,
Shipping Industry, Navy, Coast Guards, Pollution Control Board, etc for timely
dissemination of advisories following a standard operating procedure.
Seismic and sea-level data are continuously monitored in the warning centre
using a custom-built DSS software application that generates alarms/alerts in
the warning centre whenever a preset threshold is crossed. The software
solution built entirely using GIS techniques enables operations (i) display of
locations of seismic sensors, tide gauges, bottom pressure sensors, (ii) retrieve
real-time data, (iii) online plotting, (iv) overlay tsunami travel times by picking
up the right scenario from the database, (v) warning generation and
dissemination, (vi) system monitoring, administration, back up, data retrieval
and play back.
7. DART
An early warning system for tsunamis is already in operation in the
Pacific Ocean and consists of a network of seismograph and tidal
gauges linked via satellite to monitoring centers based in Alaska, US,
and Hawaii.
Deep Ocean Assessment and Reporting sensors use deep-sea pressure
detectors that measure changes in water depth as a tsunami wave
passes overhead.
The sensors then transfer the information to a surface buoy, which
relays it to the monitoring stations by satellite.
The DART system prevented a false alarm on Hawaii just a month after
its activation, following a tremor in Alaska.
DART is also less vulnerable to earthquake damage than tide gauges but
experts insist that multiple detection systems are essential.
9. GITEWS
GITEWS-developed, GPS based component offers possibility for
detection of co-seismic land mass movements and tsunami
waves on the ocean, it covers station design, data transfer, near
real time data processing and warning center operator desk.
This German Indonesian project was started in 2004.
The project detects and analyzes seismic events in the Indian
Ocean, the rapid assessment of their potential to unleash a
Tsunami, and warning at-risk countries by means of a network
of detectors made up of broadband seismometers, land and
ocean-surface based GPS instruments, tide gauges, and ocean
bottom pressure control devices.
Using satellites, the data obtained by these instruments is sent
to a central station in Jakarta, Indonesia for processing.
11. FLAW IN THE EXISTING SYSTEMS
90 % a tsunami is generated by an earthquake but also volcanic eruptions
and landslides may be the triggering events.
The early warning part of Tsunami hazard management till date relies upon the
measurements of sea level and computer models to characterize the
Tsunami waves.
Scientists rely on ocean based buoys and models to track and predict the path
of a Tsunami.
Geospatial technology has immensely helped in the design of early warning
system for tsunami.
Use of model simulations as well as water level data from tide gauges for
generation of tsunami bulletins has definite advantage in bringing down the
number of false alarms.
The observation need to be made at the site and not at the sea level.
12. OUR CONTRIBUTION
Sensor networks that measure seismic activity from remote
locations can provide Tsunami warnings to coastal areas, or
study the effects of submarine earthquakes (seaquakes).
Underwater sensor networks have the potential to pave the
way for unexplored applications and to help observe and
predict the ocean.
We combine the underwater acoustic sensor network with
satellite and terrestrial communication systems together
with the internet to generate early warning.
This type of UWSN technology integrated with the internet
technology would make the data and warning accessible to
one and all.
14. UWSN BASED EARLY WARNING SYSTEM
The present design considers a method of exploiting underwater acoustic
sensor network with nodes spread over the entire ocean bed under
coverage.
It has space-based monitoring with satellite technology in addition to other
terrestrial communication technologies. There are three levels in the design.
The 1st level deals with communication inside the harsh underwater
environment where only acoustic communication is possible. The sensor
nodes are organized in clusters and these nodes communicate over short
distances while the cluster heads convey the data collected to the surface
stations closest to them.
In the 2nd level the surface station collects the information and forwards it to
the coastal data collection centre through line of sight (LOS) microwave
terrestrial transmission; there may be a master surface station which is more
capable in terms of power and communication.
In the 3rd level the information is either directly sent to a universal data
collection centre through satellite by the surface station or the coastal data
16. Power and energy optimizations are especially critical for UWANs
because:
1) acoustic communications will consume more energy than RF
channels, and
2) energy harvesting is much more difficult because major
harvesting sources such as solar and wind energy are not
available in the underwater environment.
Since UWANs are battery operated, lowering the transmission power
may extend network life time but at the cost of increased bit error rate
(BER), as signal to noise ratio (SNR) might not be high enough to
ensure satisfactory information transmission.
Motivated by these constrains UWANs design require low power
consuming, good BER system with least complexity.
CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTATION
17. CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTATION
Doppler Spread-depends on the ocean environment (chemical-physical
properties of the water medium such as temperature) under consideration and
varies from ocean to ocean.
These variations, together with the wave guide nature of the channel cause the
acoustic channel to be temporally and spatially variable.
Routing Techniques-A common practice used in terrestrial sensor network
applications is to design routing algorithms that minimize the
communication power and consequently increase the sensor lifetime.
This requirement needs to be ported to underwater as well as space
applications.
Modulation Schemes-Among the important design parameter are bit error
rate, peak to average power ratio, number of subcarriers, signal
bandwidth, block duration, guard interval, subcarrier spacing, pilot
carriers and null subcarriers.
18. PERFORMANCE METRICS
The system will be judged by the reliability (correct and prompt warning) so
that public can be targeted warned and evacuation measures can be initiated.
State of art Ocean Instrumentation
Instruments are installed on the coast, in the ocean or on the ocean floor
measuring the sea level fluctuations both on the ocean as well as on the coasts
Analysis of different measurements at a very early stage with the help of
seismometers, GPS instruments, tide gauges and buoys as well as ocean
bottom pressure sensors. The recording and analysis of bathymetric data for
determining the topography of the ocean floor is an essential basis for
modeling.
Warning Centre
Here the data of the particular sensor systems are received and analyzed.
By means of a Decision Support System and based on simulations and pre-
tailored hazard and risk maps the information is to be delivered to
governmental institutions, local disaster management, action forces and media.
19. SCOPE OF FURTHER IMPROVEMENT
Better Simulations:
As the WSN supplies data at few points only, computer simulations are needed,
in order to synthesize an overall picture of the situation. Taking help of model
for the ascertainment of arrival times and wave heights as well as information
on the inhabitants and infrastructure, fast risk estimations can be reached.
Better Warning Centre and Decision-making Support:
A better Decision Support System (DSS) is always required.
Rigorous Tsunami Modeling: Modeling of Tsunami can be divided into three
stages: Generation, Propagation and Run-up (inundation).
The use of numerical modeling to determine the potential run-ups and
inundation from a local or distant Tsunami is recognized as useful and
important tool, since data from past Tsunamis are usually insufficient to plan
future disaster mitigation and management plans. Models can be initialized
with potential worst case scenarios for the Tsunami sources or for the waves
just offshore to determine corresponding impact on near by coast.
20. CONCLUSION
The development of the early warning generation system based on UWANs will
undoubtedly contribute to save a lot of human lives facing natural disasters.
It can be concluded that reliable communication, low-power design and
efficient resource management will remain the major challenges for UWSN
based early warning generation system designs.
Sensor webs for early warning will prove to be a powerful technology for
environmental and ecological research in addition to saving human life.
However in deploying such a system it should be taken care that the aquatic
ecological balance is not disturbed.
Education is another key element in the tsunami warning system. Coastal areas
must have designated tsunami inundation zones and marked evacuation routes
to assist residents and visitors to higher ground. Emergency management
officials should distribute tsunami education information, conduct
community meetings and workshops, and many more awareness
activities.
21. REFERENCES
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