This document summarizes a seminar presentation on securing underwater wireless communication networks. It discusses the existing challenges with underwater wireless networks including high bit error rates, propagation delays, and low bandwidth. It proposes three schemes for securing such networks: secure time synchronization to enable power saving; secure localization for location information and data tagging; and secure routing to reject paths with malicious nodes. The techniques aim to provide secure data transmission and are based on mechanisms like time synchronization, localization using time/signal information, and routing protocols.

1. VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Jnana Sangama, Belgaum, Karnataka-590 014.
A Seminar On
“Securing Underwater Wireless Communication Networks”
By Project Guide
NAVEENA N (1BT08CS051) Mr. KESHAVA M
(Lecturer of CSE department)
B.T.L INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
2010-11

2. AGENDA
oAbstract
oUnderwater Wireless Communication Networks
oExisting system
oProposed System
oDrawbacks
oApplications
oConclusion

3. ABSTRACT
 Underwater wireless communication
networks are particularly vulnerable to
malicious attacks due to the high bit error
rates, large and variable propagation
delays, and low bandwidth of acoustic
channels.
 (UWCNs) are constituted by sensors and
autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) that
interact to perform specific applications such
as underwater monitoring.

4. ABSTRACT
 Both intervehicle and sensor-AUV
communications can be affected by denial-of-
service (DoS) attacks.
 We propose several methods to secure
Underwater Wireless Communication
Networks.
 We design three schemes namely, secure time
synchronization, localization, and routing in
UWCNs

5. ABSTRACT
 Aim of proposed techniques is to enable the
system to provide secure data transmission.
 Secure time synchronization aims for
power saving.
 Secure localization aims to provide location
information and data tagging.
 Secure routing rejects routing paths
containing malicious nodes.

6. These techniques are based on following
mechanisms
 Secure Time Synchronization
It is essential in many underwater applications such as
coordinated sensing tasks. & scheduling algorithms such as
timedivision multiple access (TDMA).
 SECURE LOCALIZATION
Localization is a very important issue for data tagging.
Localization schemes can be classified into two types:
(i) Range-based schemes (using range or bearing
information):
(ii) Range-free schemes (not using range or bearing
information):
 SECURE ROUTING
Routing is essential for packet delivery in UWCNs.

7. Underwater Wireless Communication Networks
Underwater Wireless Communication Networks are constituted by
 sensor nodes, also known as motes or simply nodes are
small and energy constrained devices that have the
ability of sensing the surrounding environment.
 The sink, also known as base station, is a more powerful
node that behaves as an interface between the sensor
nodes and the clients.
 Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) that
interact to perform specific applications such as
underwater monitoring

8. Underwater sensor network with AUV’s

9. Existing system
 Radio waves do not propagate well underwater due to the high energy
absorption of water
 Therefore, underwater communications are based on acoustic links
characterized by large propagation delays. The propagation speed of
acoustic signals in water (typically 1500 m/s)
 Acoustic channels have low bandwidth As a result, the bit error rates
of acoustic links are often high, and losses of connectivity arise
 It cannot rely on the Global Positioning System (GPS) because it uses
radar waves in the 1.5 GHz band that do not propagate in water.

10. Existing system
 The above mentioned characteristics of UWCNs have several security
implications.
 High bit error rates cause packet errors. Consequently, critical security
packets can be lost. Wireless underwater channels can be
eavesdropped on. Attackers may intercept the information transmitted
and attempt to modify or drop packets.
 Both intervehicle and sensor-AUV communications can be affected
by denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Several attacks are
 Jamming
 Wormhole attack  Acknowledgement spoofing
 Sinkhole attack  Selective forwardiing
 Sybil attack
 Hello flood attack

11. Attacks on UWCN’s
 Jamming attack

12. Attacks on UWCN’s
Wormhole attack

13. Attacks on UWCN’s
Sybil attack

14. Proposed system
 Secure time synchronization mechanism
Achieving precise time synchronization is especially difficult
in underwater environments due to the characteristics of
UWCNs. For this reason, the time synchronization
mechanisms proposed for ground-based sensor networks
cannot be applied, and new mechanisms have been proposed.
 Secure Localization
Proposed terrestrial localization schemes based on received
signal strength (RSS) are not recommended in UWCNs, since
non-uniform acoustic signal propagation causes signifiant
variations in the RSS. Time of arrival (ToA) and time
difference of arrival (TDoA)

15. Proposed system(contd)
 Secure routing
 Routing is essential for packet delivery in UWCNs. Proposed
broadcast authentication methods would cause high communication
overhead and latency in UWCNs. Multipath routing would cause high
communication overhead as well.

16. Advantages
 It avoids data spoofing.
 It avoids privacy leakage.
 Minimize communication and computational cost.
 Maximizes the battery power by preserve the power of
Underwater sensors.

17. Drawbacks
 Routing is specially challenging in UWCNs due to the large
propagation delays, low bandwidth, difficulty of battery refills of
underwater sensors, and dynamic topologies.
 Schemes is challenging because they do not work well in mobile
environments.

18. APPLICATIONS
 Environmental monitoring to gathering of oceanographic
data

19. APPLICATIONS
 Search and rescue missions

20. APPLICATIONS
Marine archaeology

21. APPLICATIONS
 Defense

22. CONCLUSION
 Wireless technology will play a vital role in many
application areas that are not possible in the past. Wireless
Underwater communication would be one of them.
 The main challenges related to secure time
synchronization, localization, and routing have been
surveyed.
 Since the deployment of the proposed system is still in its
development stage, an account of actual implementation has
not been provided in this paper.

23. Thank you…!!!